Objective: To analyze the current situation and related factors of physical exercise behavior among high school students, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving their health level. Methods: In May 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 17 high schools in the jurisdiction of Taizhou City. A total of 3 402 high school students were selected by class to conduct a survey on the prevalence and related factors of physical exercise behavior by Chinese Sports Activity Level Scale. And binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors. Results: Among the surveyed high school students, the rate of poor physical exercise behavior reached 53.4%. The rates of poor physical exercise behavior varied within the group in terms of gender, urban and rural areas, whether they were only children, maternal education, parental emotions, parental exercise habits, parenting styles, family income and academic performance were statistically significant (χ2=12.38, 11.73, 742.71, 28.86, 24.38, 39.98, 71.92, 33.34, 176.97, P<0.01). High school students of grade 3, female students, parents with low education, parents who occasionally and never exercise, intergenerational discipline, low family income, and average academic performance were the tendency factors for poor physical exercise behavior(OR=1.39, 1.18, 1.62, 1.30, 1.36, 2.21, 1.53, 1.46, 1.52, P<0.05). Conclusions The rate of poor physical exercise behavior among high school students in Taizhou City is relatively high and is affected by various factors such as age, gender, academic performance, and family background. It should actively reduce the impact of unfavorable factors, promote high school students to participate in physical exercise, and improve the health level of high school students.