Nowadays,aging is the general trend of population development in the world.Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly.Because of the atypical symptoms and signs,accompaniment of chronic cardiovascular disease and vulnerability to low blood glucose in the elder patients with diabetes,we should to make safe,effective,and individualized therapeutic programs for them.This paper will review the current prevalence,characteristics,and oral drug selection among elderly individuals with T2DM.

The main reason of recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer is the resistance for the radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the mechanism of radio-resistance and chemo-resistance may be related to the DNA damage response (DDR).There is a complicated system of the DDR pathway,including cell cycle checkpoint,DNA repair,transcription and apoptosis to maintain the integrity of cell genes.In the cancer treatment,DDR occurs in various kinds of cytotoxic drugs and radiation to cause genetic damage,which limits the curative effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.This promotes the targeted therapy of DDR pathway,especially checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1).Recently,the new viewpoint supports that CHK1 is a main marker of the DDR pathway activation,which shows that CHK1 not only activates the check point but also affects the DNA repair and apoptosis directly.Thus,the role of CHK1 in DDR will promote CHK1 inhibitor to be one of the new treatment strategies for the cancer patients who resist the radiation and chemotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of PCNL with the use of different percutaneous renal access in treatment of renal calculi.Methods:Percutaneous renal minimal access(F14～F16)or small access(F18～F20)was established randomly in 142 patients,and PCNL were performed in all patients.The clinical parameters including operative time,complication and stone-free rate were compared in the two groups.Results:The operative time of simple renal calculi were(78.3?15.6)min and(91.2? 18.2)min(P0.05)in small access group and minimal access group respectively.The operative time of complicated renal calculi were(115.3?20.1)min and(130.7?28.7)min(P

Calculi ; chemically induced ; Ceftriaxone ; adverse effects ; Child ; Humans ; Lithiasis ; chemically induced

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Child ; Deafness ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective:To investigate the airborne pollen concentration in Beijing city during autumn and to grade the Artemisia pollen concentration .Method:Burkard volumetric trap was used to sample the airborne pollen in Beijing city from August 1st 2007 to October 10th 2007. Patients only allergic to mugwort pollen were followed up, and their symptom scores and the mugwort pollen concentration were analyzed statistically.Result:①Mugwort and Humulus(including Cannabis Sativa L) were the main airborne pollen during August and September in Beijing city, accounting for 31% and 51%,respectively; ②Mugwort pollen season was from 8th August to 8th October;③The daily peak concentration of Mugwort pollen was 267 g/m~3,with an average of 71 g/m~3,the daily peak concentration of Humulus pollen was 672 g/m~3,with an average of 124 g/m3;④88.5% out-patients suffering from hay fever or asthma during Autumn were allergic to mugwort, 28.2% allergic to Humulus;⑤the grading of airborne Mugwort pollen concentration: 0～14 g/m~3 as grade 0, 15～40 g/m~3 as grade Ⅰ, 41～116 g/m~3 as grade Ⅱ,more than 117 g/m~3 as grade Ⅲ.Conclusion:It was the first time that Burkard volumetric sampler was employed in monitoring Mugwort and Humulus concentration in Beijing city. Average concentration of mugwort pollen was about 100 g/m~3, and concentration grade Ⅲ of mugwort pollen was distributed during the last ten days of August and the beginning of September.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) which was brought into existence in early 90s of 20 century is a noninvasive technique for creating cross-sectional images of transparent or semi-transparent internal biological tissue structure.In recent years applicability research in the field of stomatology has made great progress.The micro structure changes of surface layer of the lesions in oral hard and soft tissues could be detected by this technique,with its unique feature to detect insidious secondary caries beneath dental restorations that couldn't be found by current clinical techniques easily.In this review,secondary caries etiopathogenisis and diagnosis,principle were discussed firstly and then imaging observation of OCT to detect early second caries around dental restoration and monitoring on risk factors inducing secondary caries are reviewed.It indicated that OCT technique has great potential on diagnosis of secondary caries.

Objectives To study the reliability,validity and feasibility of the Chinese version of memory alteration test(M@T).Methods Cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample was employed to interview 220 elderly people over 60 years old,39 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),20 with Alzheimer's disease(AD),and 161 normal cognitive elderly.The survey was,then evaluated with internal consistency,content validity,criterion validity,principal component/factor analysis and influencing factors.Results A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.818 was obtained in M@T. The correlation coefficients which were the score of the subtest and the total were 0.5-0.9.The correlation coefficient of the scores of the Mini.mental State Examination(MMSE)and the M@T Was 0.933.The 5 factors were extracted with the factor analysis,which could explain the total variance of 69.449%,and the corresponding factors of the proieets have a satisfied amount of factor loading(≥0.4).There were significant diffeFences in the score of M@T among the different cognitive level groups with good discriminant validity(cognitive normal group:39.0±3.7,MCI group:29.0±3.7,AD group:16.9±3.7;F=498.419,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the score of M@T among the different gender,age,occupation and education level groups.Conclusions The Chinese version of M@T has good reliability and validity and feasibility.The score of the M@T is not affected by gender,age,occupation,education level and other factors.

Objective To take the initiative in Huaibei region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprM efflux phenotype and the presence of genetic analysis to explore the multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the active efflux mechanism.Methods assignment pump inhibitor carbonyl cyano-right-chlorophenyl hydrazone(CCCP)on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ciprofloxacin(CIP) reversal of the sensitivity tests to screen active efflux of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotype-positive bacteria;using PCR amplified active efflux phenotype-positive bacteria OprM genes.Results CCCP under the action of 36 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,24 strains of the CIP to improve the sensitivity of four times more active efflux phenotype positive rate was 66.7%(24/36);in OprM gene PCR extension by experiment,there are 16(44.4%,16/36)was amplified 848bp fragment of OprM.Conclusion active efflux phenotype in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa in widespread;OprM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa genes in active efflux of the most common bacteria.

As important adhesion molecule on cell surface,integrin is a kind of important receptor family. It′s im- portant role is to mediate intercellular adhesion and adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix,also regulate proliferation,differentiation,migration of cells and tissue remodeling,and plays an important role in maintaining cellular form and growth.The present article made a short review about research progress of integrin β1 effect in cardiovascular diseases in recent years.