Cancer stem cells (CSC) play a crucial role in the tumor angiogenesis.Angiogenic factors and hypoxia mediate the process.CSC car differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and participate in the formation of vasculogenic mimicry,which may be one of the key factors in the initiation and progression of tumors.lndepth studies of the roles of CSC in tumor angiogenesis might help provide the basis for developing more effective therapeutic drug target.

Objective To compare the effect of anti-spin intramedullary nail and dynamic hip screw fixation in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fractures ,in order to investigate the clinical value of anti-spin intramedul-lary nail in elderly intertrochanteric fractures .Methods 160 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures were divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table .The observation group received anti-spin intramedullary nail fixation , the control group received dynamic hip screw fixation .The fracture healing and hip function of two groups were compared .Results The operative time of the observation group was shor-ter than that of the control group ,and blood loss was less than the control group ,the differences were statistically sig-nificant(t=4.635,3.643,all P<0.05).The function,pain,deformity,range of motion and total scores of the obser-vation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( t=4.433,4.364,4.865,3.876,3.645,all P<0.05).The postoperative hip function excellent rate of the observation group was 90.0%,which was significantly higher than 72.5%of the control group (χ2 =5.153,P<0.05).Conclusion Proximal femur intramedullary nail anti-rotation fixation in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric femoral fractures has shorter operative time ,less blood loss,and postoperative hip function recovery is good ,it is worthy of promotion .

Tumor angiogenesis is an important way of rapid proliferation and metastasis for malignancies,and a variety of cellular and molecular factors involved in the process.Angiopoietin-2(Ang-2) is one of the important vascular endothelial growth factor,which influences tumor angiogenesis mainly through releasing vascular structures and damaging the vessel stability.Recent researches reveal that Ang-2 modulates tumor angiogenesis interacting with other vascular growth factors.With the new research progress,Ang-2 will not only be an important target for antiangiogenic therapy,but also further improve clinical efficacy of antitumor therapy combined with other signal pathways as common targets.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1 ) is one of the most important transcriptional factors which regulate the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), HIF-1 plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The transcriptional regulation role for HIF-1 in tumor angiogenesis is closely related to its molecular structure,biological character and molecular mechanism and signaling pathways.

The process of tumor angiogenesis is a complicated chain reaction which happens under the action of a series of positive feedback and negative feedback factors . Cancer stem cells are small part cell groups of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential in tumors. Many studies indicate that tumor stem cells participate in the process of tumor angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor can regulate endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis.

Objective To explore CT angiography(CTA) method for the influence of the cerebral angiography ,looking for dif-ferent situations using which kind of scan mode can achieve the best results .Methods 350 CTA patients were selected and tested by 4 kinds of scanning methods which were subtraction scan (236) ,experience value scan (13) ,smart tracking scan (68) ,smart tracking and subtraction combined(33) .To compare and analyze that four kinds of scanning methods ,to explore which kind of method under what circumstances can get the best examination results .Results Smart tracking and subtraction combined with scan method and subtraction scan method for excellent rate of image quality were 93 .93% and 93 .64% respectively ,there were no sig-nificant statistical differences between them .Experience value method and smart tracking method for excellent rate of image quality were only 76 .92% and 66 .18% ,there was significant difference in statistics .Conclusion Subtraction scan can be used as a conventional scan method .In low dose test bolus of time-density curve detection failure cases ,smart tracking and subtraction combined with scan method was used to get the image quality with subtraction scan method ,it is an effective complement of subtraction scan method ,is worth generalization .

[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToobservetheeffectofthesignalingpathwayofproteinkinaseC(PKC)-nuclearfactor-ery-throid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in the rat airway epithelial cells .METHODS:After exposed to CSE , the airway epithelial cells of male SD rats were di-vided into control group , CSE3 group, RO318220 group, Nrf2 siRNA group and RO318220+Nrf2 siRNA group.The pro-tein levels of HO-1, Nrf2 and PKC were semi-quantified by Western blotting .The protein expression of HO-1 was assessed by immunocytochemistry .The mRNA expression of HO-1 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) .Nrf2 protein location was observed by immunofluorescence staining .HO-1 activity was also determined .RE-SULTS:After exposure to CSE for 3 h, the Nrf2 protein was mainly located in the nucleus , and the expression level of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus was stronger than that in the control cells .CSE also significantly enhanced the levels of p-PKC protein, and HO-1 mRNA, protein and activity .Pretreatment with RO318220 significantly decreased the levels of PKC pro-tein, Nrf2 protein, and HO-1 mRNA, protein and activity.Meanwhile, Nrf2 protein significantly decreased , and the activ-ity, mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 were also significantly attenuated by pretreatment with siRNA to knock down Nrf2. Pretreatment with RO318220 and Nrf2 siRNA significantly decreased the PKC protein , Nrf2 protein, and HO-1 mRNA, protein and activity .CONCLUSION:CSE up-regulates the HO-1 expression through PKC-induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the rat airway epithelial cells .

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important transcriptional factor,which plays crucial role in response to hypoxia.HIF is highly expressed in many human cancers,and it is closely related to tumor angiogenesis.HIF promotes tumor growth,invasion and metastasis via up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor gene and starting associated angiogenesis.With the in-depth study of HIF regulation of tumor angiogenesis mechanism,HIF is expected to become an important target for anti-angiogenesis therapy.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of different doses of budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation in children with post infectious cough,and provide reference for the rational use of budesonide.Methods One hundred and twenty children with post infectious cough aged 2-14 years old were selected and divided into three groups by random digits table method (40 cases in each group).Control group was treated with 4 mg once montelukast sodium chewable tablets for 2-5 years old children,or 5 mg once for 6-14 years old children.Low-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 0.5 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group and high-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 1.0 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group.The outcome of curative effects were recorded and analyzed after 7 days of treatment.Results The total efficacy rate was 70.0％(28/40),52.5％(21/40),35.0％(14/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 3 days of treatment,and there was significant difference between high-dose group and control group (P＜ 0.01).The total efficacy rate was 92.5％(37/40),90.0％(36/40),72.5％ (29/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 7 days of treatment,and there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.025).Few adverse events associated with inhaled corticosteroids,such as thrush,sore throat,hoarseness were observed in three groups.Conclusions Budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation alleviates symptom of post infectious cough significantly with no obvious side effects,even in high-dose group which has a more outstanding efficacy.Therefore,this therapy is valuable in clinical application.

Objective: To observe changes of EEG parameters,including bispectral index (BIS),spectral edge frequency(SEF)and median frequency(MF),and the association between the changes of EEG variables and hemodynamic responses to intubation during induction by propofol with or without fentanyl. Method: Twenty-four ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients were randomly assigned to double-blindly receiving intravenous propofol/normal saline (group P, n=12)or propofol/fentanyl 2?g/kg(group PF,n=12), respectively. Intubation was performed following 5-min maintenance of BIS within 45?5. EEG and hemodynamic variables were recorded at endpoints of pre-induction, pre-intubation and post-intubation. Result:In group P,blood pressure and heart rate at post-intubation were significantly increased compared with pre-induction value(P