Objective: To explore trends in the asthma burden among Chinese children and adolescents 1-19 years old during 1990-2019. Methods: Based on data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, joinpoint regression was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the gender and age specific asthma burden, and the asthma burden in China was compared with countries that have different socio demographic indices(SDI). In addition, trends in asthma burden attributed to different risk factors were also investigated. Results: The asthma burden decreased slightly from 1990 to 1996 [annual percent change (APC)=-1.7%], then rapidly decreased from 1996 to 2005 (APC=-5.7%). The age standardized disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate decreased from 158.55/100 000 to 88.59/100 000 in patients 1-19 years of age. From 2005 to 2017, the DALYs rate for asthma increased slowly, then rapidly. In 2017, the DALYs rate peaked at 176.18/100 000, then decreased to 126.79/100 000 in 2019. The burden of asthma in boys was higher than girls, and the DALYs rate for asthma in the group 5-9 years of age was higher than the remaining age groups. Furthermore, the age standardized DALYs rate for asthma among Chinese children and adolescents was relatively low among countries with a different SDI. In addition, the DALYs rate attributed to high body mass index increased in all age groups in China. Specifically, the average APC (AAPC) was 2.9% in group 1-4 years of age and the AAPC was 4.2% in the remaining age groups. The DALYs rate attributed to occupational asthmagens in the group 15-19 years of age decreased from 1990 to 2019 and the AAPC was -2.5%. Conclusion The asthma burden was relatively low among Chinese children and adolescents, and there were gender and age differences. The gender and age specific DALYs rate for asthma had a tendency to decrease, increase, then decrease. More attention should be paid to boys and the group 5-9 years of age, and strengthen the intervention of obesity and occupational asthmagens.