Objective:To evaluate the ability of the cooperative protection of the Strep to coccus pneumoniae multivalent DNA vaccine containing lytA gene(N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase,LytA)and pspA'gene(N fragment of pneumococcal surface protein A,PspA)against intraperitoneal Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 infection.Methods The genomic DNA of the standard Streptococcus pneumoniae strain D39 was isolated.LytA gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+),which was transfected into BHK-21 cells using Lipofectamine TM2000,and then the expression of LytA protein was detected with Western-blot.Furthermore,three formats of recombinant plasmid DNA vaccines(pcDNA3.1-LytA+pcDNA3.1-PspA',pcDNA3.1-PspA',pcDNA3.1-LytA)were used to inject intramuscularly BALB/c mice,with pcDNA3.1(+)plasmid and PBS as controls.The levels of antibodies against PspA'and LytA proteins were checked.Live times of intraperitoneal infection mice by Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 in BALB/c models were analysis.Results:The three DNA vaccines all producted high levels serum special IgG antibodies.The anti-LytA antibodies level elicited by the DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-LytA + pcDNA3.1-PspA'was higher than the DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-LytA(P0.05).The result of the effect on intraperitoneal infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 in BALB/c mice models showed the median live times in pcDNA3.1-LytA + pcDNA3.1-PspA'group was longer than pcDNA3.1-LytA group and the control groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The multivalent DNA vaccine of Streptococcus pneumoniae containing LytA gene and pspA gene had no the higher performance protection than the DNA vaccine only containing pspA gene against Streptococcus pneumoniae.It is should be further evaluated that LytA gene is concluded as the one of advantages candidate antigens of the Streptococcus pneumoniae multivalent DNA vaccine.

Food allergy is a common illness in children,which is divided into IgE-mediated,non-IgE mediated and mixed-mediated food allergy.Gastrointestinal tract is the mainly affected organ,mostly mediated by non-IgE mechanism.Gastrointestinal food allergy are lack of unified diagnostic criteria currently,whose mechanism is also elusive.Moreover,the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge is the gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergy.This review focuses on the procedure for the oral food challenge and its application in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal food allergy.

A considerable proportion of patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) require postoperative adjuvant therapy,postoperative radiotherapy is an important part of the treatment,this article review the role and value of postoperative radiotherapy for NSCLC patients in recent years.

The concept and important role of associative memory neural network are introduced.The development of associative memory neural network is also summarized along with other neural networks such as the Hopfield neural network,the neural network composed of FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron model,the neural network composed of Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model.

The ischemia-modified albumin(IMA) forms after the human serum albumin experiences ischmia/reperfusion,which is a novel marker for myocardial ischemia.IMA exhibits a reduced capacity to bind to certain transition metals,such as cobalt.It can be measured by the Albumin Cobalt Binding test in serum.Several clinical researches suggested that IMA is an ideal biomarker for myocardial ischemia and an important assay for diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes.

[Objective] Establish The Measure Table of Emotion Evaluation of Female Experiment Macaque, evaluate types of emotions of the female experiment macaque, provide the criterion of quantization evaluation for the emotion disease.[Methods] To collect and analyse the expression and action of macaque by observation, to establish The Screening Table of expression, action and emotion for the female experiment macaque; to set up the Mathematics Model by none-condition logistic regression, to provide explanation for establishing the Measure Table of Emotion Evaluation of Female Experiment Macaque; to set up The Measure Table of Emotion Evaluation of Female Experiment Macaque; to check up the stability and consistence of the measure table by test-retest and Split-Half means; to check up the stability of the criterion of validity by equivalence means; to evaluate the validity by criterion-related means.[Results] The Test-Retest Reliability of the indignation, depression, and enjoyment emotion is higher than the other, the Split-half Reliability of the indignation and depression emotion is higher than the others; the stability of the validity Criterion of all emotion is higher except for the anxiety emotion. The emotion integral can reflect all the emotion change; The Criterion-related Validity of the indignation, depression, friendliness and sex emotion is higher than the others. [Conclusion] Although the validity of the Measure Table is lower in anxiety emotion measuring, the interior consistence is not very good in friendliness and enjoyment emotions; the validity and stability about the other primary emotions reach the criterion of the Measure Table.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefepime in the treatment of serious community acquired lower respiratory infection. Methods Eighty-six patients of serious community acquired lower respiratory infection were randomized into the experimental group (n=44) receiving cefepime (2 g, intravenous infusion, twice a day) for 7-14 d and the control group (n=42) receiving cefotaxime (3 g, intravenous infusion, three times a day) for 7-14 d. Results There were no statistical differences of age, severity of the disease, original diseases, or distribution of pathogens between the two groups. In the experimental group, cefepime had a good therapeutic efficacy against not only the gram-negative bacteria infection and the gram-positive bacteria infection, but also other cephalosporin-resistant bacteria infection. Its cure rate was 86.4%, and effective rate 93.2%. In the control group, cefotaxime had a less therapeutic efficacy against the infection caused by some resistant strains of the gram-negative bacteria and the gram-positive bacteria. Its cure rate was 64.3%, and effective rate 76.2%. Conclusion The antibacterial activity of cefepime is stronger than that of cefotaxime. So cefepime is an effective and safe antibiotic, and suggested to use in the empirical treatment for serious community acquired lower respiratory infection.

Objectives To compare the difference of ERG11 partial promoter sequence(-440 ～ -1)between yeast-form and hypha-form of Candida albicans, and the relation between the mutation of ERG11 promoter and the susceptibility of C. albicans to fluconazole. Methods Yeast-form and hypha-form of C. albicans genome DNA were extracted from 4 substrains C. albicans, which were isolated from a single HIV-sero-positive patient. Partial ERG11 promoters of yeast-form and hypha-form of these 4 substrains were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were sequenced. Results There was no sequence difference between the yeast-form and the hypha-form of C. albicans in this region. Heterogeneities at position -365, -353, -328, -310, -308, -299, -295, -293, -292, 290, -289 and a single base deletion (-284 delT) were found on one allele of ERG11 promoter region of fluconazole-susceptible substrains. No heterogeneities were observed in dose-dependent fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant substrains. Conclusions There is no difference of ERG11 partial promoter sequence between the yeast-form and the hypha-form C. albicans. The mutation of ERG11 promoter may be associated with the resistance of C. albicans to fluconazole.

Thoracic radiotherapy is an important means of local treatment for non -small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs)have the effect of systemic therapy.Studies have shown that NSCLC patients with EGFR exons 19,21 mutation have a synergistic effect in the combination therapy .Radiotherapy activates EGFR signaling pathway ,inducing cell proliferation and DNA damage repair,leading to radiation resistance .Therefore,EGFR-TKIs have the effect in increasing radiosensitivity .Lung injury is one of the most common side effects when the two therapies combined .Studies suggest that radiotherapy combined with EGFR-TKIs may have conflicting functions in the development of pulmonary fibrosis ,the discrep-ancy between these studies may depend on the differences in the experimental systems ,the differences in pulmo-nary fibrosis models,as well as the differences between different species and individuals .Therefore,a more com-plete understanding of the etiology for pulmonary fibrosis is necessary to the development of improved treatments .

Objective:To investigate the relationship between hyper-homocysteinemia ( HHcy) and experiment autoimmune en-cephalomyelitis (EAE) mice,and to study the cause and effect of HHcy in multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods: Four groups were included in this study:healthy C57BL/6 mice and EAE mice fed with chow(HC and EAE group),healthy mice and EAE mice supple-mented with 4%(w/v) methionine in the drinking water (HC+Hcy and EAE+Hcy group).Clinical symptoms,the levels of Hcy and cytokines ( TNF-α,IFN-γand IL-17) were evaluated at different time points.Results:EAE group had no greater Hcy than HC group ( P>0.05 ).The clinical scores and weight loss of mice from EAE+Hcy group were more severe than those from EAE group during the course of EAE ( P<0.05 ).EAE+Hcy group had higher levels of TNF-αand IFN-γthan EAE group ( P<0.05 ) ,while IL-17 was about the same.Conclusion:Mice do not have gradually increased Hcy during the course of EAE.HHcy worsen the symptoms of EAE by pro-moting the production of TNF-αand IFN-γ,but not IL-17.