Objective: This study aimed to find out the myopia rate and related ocular biological parameters of grade 1-3 students in Peixian, Xuzhou City, and to establish a cohort observation population, so as to provide baseline reference for control strategies for myopia and reduce the myopia rate. Methods: A total of 1 952 students from two nine year schools in Peixian were selected by stratified cluster sampling in June 2020. Visual examination was administered by trained personnel using uniformly equipped instruments, including uncorrected visual acuity, diopter, intraocular pressure, axial length. Results: The overall myopia rate of students from grade one to grade three in two schools in Peixian was 21.77%, and the myopia rate of girls (23.81%) was significantly higher than that of boys (20.16%). With the growth of age and grade, the myopia rate increased continuously, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=134.10, 144.30, P <0.05). The myopia rate of 6-year-old group was 8.87 %. The axial length of the left and right eyes of the myopic group was significantly higher than that of the non myopic group ( t = 411.95, 366.85, P <0.01), the intraocular pressure and mean corneal curvature of the left eye of the myopic group were higher than those of the nonmyopic group ( t =5.91, 10.22 , P <0.05). Conclusion The baseline survey results show that the myopia rate of grade 1-3 in Peixian of Xuzhou City is low, but myopia has occurred in the 6-year-old group. With the growth of age and grade, the myopia rate continues to rise. So it is urgent to explore effective and feasible myopia prevention and control measures.