Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of eczema in children in order provide reference for the prevention and treatment of eczema. Methods: Two primary schools in a district of Shenyang were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on 2 240 students in May 2017. Children with eczema need to be diagnosed by a doctor. Results: There were 838 cases of eczema with a reported rate of 37.4%, 38.7% in boys and 36.1% in girls. The age of 6 to 12 months was the peak period of first eczema in children, and the proportion of eczema within 1 year was up to about 70%. Children who have had eczema in the past were now more likely to catch a cold, and the reported rates of allergic rhinitis, asthma and food allergies were also significantly higher. The Logistic regression analysis showed that the mother was unhappy during pregnancy(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.03-1.69), the parents were more educated (OR=1.60, 95%CI=1.19-2.16), and the parents were allergic (OR=1.58,95%CI=1.07-2.33；OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.02-1.94), family history of diabetes(OR=1.95, 95%CI=1.41-2.68), and cesarean(OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.07-1.65) were risk factors of eczema in children. Conclusion The incidence of children eczema is affected by maternal mood during pregnancy, family factors and delivery mode. It is of practical significance to prevent children eczema in early development for reducing the incidence of other allergic diseases in the future.