Objective To study the effect of long session hemodialysis (LSHD) on the quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods A total of 40 MHD patients in our dialysis center were enrolled in the study.Quality of life was investigated by SF-36 table.Sleep questionnaire survey concluded the Athens insomnia scale (AIS),Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).Clinical data were collected.Forty MHD patients were equally divided into HD and LSHD groups according to clinical data and sleep quality score for prospective study.Hemodialysis dose of HD group was 4 h thrice weekly,and of LSHD group was 8 h thrice weekly.The trial lasted for 6 months.Changes of life quality were compared between two groups.Results As compared to HD group,LSHD group had significant higher Kt/V (1.73±0.36 vs 1.41±0.23,P＜0.05),higher levels of serum hemoglobin [(124.67±9.08) vs (110.55±9.01) g/L,P＜0.01] and albumin [(45.01±2.66) vs (39.28±2.63) g/L,P＜0.01].better sleep quality score (16/20 vs 5/20,P=0.001) and higher blood pressure control proportion (14/20 vs 5/20,P=0.010),higher score of SF-36 (P＜0.05).Conclusion LSHD can improve the life quality of MHD patients by increasing sleep quality and nutrition level.

Objective To study the risk factors of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in patients who accepted MHD ≥ 5 years.The clinical data were collected.The images of plan chest radiograph detected during followup period were reviewed by certain imaging physicians,and the AoAC score was calculated.Logistic regression model analysis was proceeded to study the risk factors of AoAC.The patients were divided into AoAC positive group (29 cases) and AoAC negative group (37 cases) respectively.The clinical parameters were compared between the 2 groups.Results Sixty-six patients (21 male,45 female) were selected.The year AoAC scores from the zeroth to fifth year were (0.013 40 ± 0.074 96),(0.018 90 ± 0.078 55),(0.118 50 ± 0.170 06),(0.157 00 ± 0.207 55),(0.166 00 ± 0.205 37),(0.175 50 ± 0.222 29) scores,progressively.There were significant differences in AoAC score from the third year compared with that of the zeroth year (Z =-3.984,-4.021,-4.017;P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression model analysis result showed that only the age of dialysis beginning was the risk factor for AoAC (relative risk 1.177,regression coefficient 0.163,P =0.002).The age of dialysis beginning,rate of diabetic nephropathy,serum calcium-phosphate product were significantly higher in AoAC positive group than that in AoAC negative group [(59.5 ± 12.6) years vs.(52.9 ± 13.2) years,27.6％(8/29) vs.2.7％(1/37),(5.81 ± 1.63) mmol2/L2 vs.(4.13 ± 0.86) mmol2/L2].Conclusions The AoAC will aggravate with the increased duration of dialysis in MHD patients.The age of dialysis beginning is the risk factor of AoAC.

Objective To study the diagnosis and trea tm ent of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b. Methods On e case of MEN2b was reported.The clinical features,the diagnosis and treatment o f MEN2b were reviewed and presented. Results The diagno sis was established on B-ultrasonography and CT scanning,and the patient was cu red by operation. Conclusions MEN2b has been rare.Endoc rine check up,imaging procedures,family investigation and DNA analysis are very important to early diagnosis.Surgical removal of the tumors is effective.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of percentage of free prostate specific antigen(FPSA/TPSA)/PSA density[(F/T)/PSAD]in the diagnosis of prostate cancer of PSA level in 4~10ng/ml. Methods 88 patients of PSA level in 4~10ng/ml were carried out transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Among them,21 patients were proved to be suffering from prostate cancer,and other 67 patients were identified as benign prostate hypertrophy. The effect of F/T ratio,PSAD and(F/T)/PSAD in the diagnosis of prostate cancer were investigated. Results The mean value of(F/T)/PSAD of prostate cancer were significantly lower than benign prostate hypertrophy for patients with PSA levels in 4.0-10ng/ml, This difference has arrived statistical significance(P

Objective To compare the X-ray cephalometric results of teeth and skeleton relationship between individual lingual orthodontic and labial straight wire orthodontics,and to provide reliable theoretical foundation for selecting orthodontic system in clinic. Methods The general conditions of the patients, classification of malocclusion,severity of denture crowding and orthodontic design were used as the selection criteria. Thirty familiar adult patients with malocclusion in clinic were divided into two groups randomly:individual lingual orthodontics group (A group)and labial straight wire orthodontics group (B group),15 cases in each group.X-ray cephalometrics were taken using Steiner and Tweed cephalometrics analysis,the results of analysis were compared between pre-treatment and post-treatment in two groups respectively, and the course of treatment in two groups was compared,too.The difference of treatment effect and course of treatment between two different orthodontic systems was evaluated.Results The relationship of first molar and canine of the patients in two groups was neutral relationship,overbite and overjet of anterior teeth was shallow,the teeth arrangement was orderly and no space was left after treatment.There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05)between two groups in each measured values detected by Steiner Analysis after orthodontic treatment;there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05)between two groups in each measured value detected by Tweed Analysis after orthodontic treatment;and there was no statistical significance (P>0.05 )in the D-values of Steiner Analysis and Tweed Analysis between two groups before and after treatment.The duration of treatment of the patients in two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion Both individual lingual orthodontics and labial straight wire orthodontics could obtain well teeth arrangement and occluding relationship and achieve satisfying clinical orthodontic outcome.

BACKGROUND: Mini-screw anchorage is an innovation technique applied in the orthodontic field, expanding the treatment ability of orthodontic appliance. Accurate of mini-screw insertion in the target position is a clinical problem which making orthodontist trouble in this technique application. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a kind of three dimensional guide of mini-screw used as anchorage in orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the positioning accuracy. DESIGN, TIME AND SE'I-rlNG: A contrast study was performed at the Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University from April to October 2005. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty cases (40 mini-screws) of maxillary critical anchorage requisition were considered as the experimental group, and 15 cases (30 mini-screws) who were not treated with surgical guide were considered as the control group. METHODS: Self-made stent was used as a positioning guide for implantation of mini-screw anchorage between the roots of upper second bicuspid and first molar. Thereafter, the position was measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The vertical distance from measure points to the reference middle line were measured. RESULTS: In 40 mini-screws inserted with the aid of surgical guide, the average survival time of mini-screw as anchorage was 10.3 months, 2 were lost, and the success rate was 95%. The average survival time of 30 mini-screws in the control group was 9 months, 9 were loss, and the success rate was 70%. The positioning measurement showed that deviation of mini-screw was not found in the experimental group, but it was found in the control group. CONCLUSION: By aid of surgical guide splint, mini-scraw can be inserted correctly into the target region.

Objective To explore the value of tracheal intubation guided by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children snoring disease operation.Methods A total of 50 patients underwent tracheal intubation guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope or laryngoscope from August 2015 to June 2016.There were 25 cases of fiberoptic bronchoscopy assigned into group A, 25 cases of laryngoscopy into group B.The intubation time, success rate and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results All the intubation in group A succeed at the first time.The intubation time was (20.1±4.3) s and the position was right.There was no need for replacement during the operation.Three cases in group B succeed at the second time because the tonsil was too big to expose the pharynx.The intubation got out of the pharynx in 3 cases in group B and were adjusted to the right position.The intubation time was (50.7±6.9) s and the success rate at the first time was 76% (19/25).Groups A behaved better than group B in aspects of the success rate of signal intubation and intubation time (Fisher''s Exact Test, P=0.022;t=-18.725, P=0.000).There were no adverse reactions in group A, such as pharyngorrhagia, odontoseisis or loss of tooth, laryngospasm and so on.There were 3 cases of hemorrhage from throat after intubation, 3 cases of loss of tooth in different degrees and 1 case of laryngospasm at second intubation time in group B.There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionFiberoptic bronchoscopy can be used for children snoring disease with good safety as well as rare adverse reactions.

Objective: To detect the correlation of the expression of c-erbB-2, p53, PCNA and bcl-2 with the biological behavior of breast cancer. Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of c-erbB-2, p53, PCNA and bcl-2 in 56 breast cancer patients. Results: The expression of c-erbB-2 was 41.1% and was negatively correlated with histological classification but was not correlated with age, clinical stage, ER, or PR. The expression of p53 was 48.2% and was positively related with ER and PR but was negatively correlated with clinical stage and pathological type. The expression of bcl-2 was 50.0% and was negatively correlated with histological classification, ER and PR and was positively correlated with clinical stage and pathological type. PCNA was highly expressed in the 56 cases. Conclusion: We should combine the detection of c-erbB-2, p53, PCNA and bcl-2 with the evaluation of clinical stage, histological degree and pathological type in order to improve the prognostic estimation of breast cancer.

Objective:To study the conditions of in vitro proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells(MSC) for its application in transplantation.Methods:MSC were obtained by flushing the shaft with DMEM using a sterile syringe,dissociated by density gradient centrifuge,and cultured in the medium containing DMEM and 10% fatal bovine serum(FBS).Then we added neural growth factors into the medium and observed their influence on MSC proliferation,differentiation and survival by phase contrast microscopy.Immunocytochemistry was used to identify cell types.Results:MSC cultured in medium containing DMEM/ 10% FBS/ neural growth factors proliferated quickly.The neuron-like cells appeared at 7-9 d with the expression of neurone specific enolase(NSE) at(52?9.2)% and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) at(15?7)%,and could survive more than 7 days;In contrast,cells induced by ?-mercaptoethanol(BME) died gradually after 24 hours.Conclusion:MSC can not only proliferate and differentiate into neuron-like cells effectively in the medium containing neural growth factors but also survive longer.

In recent decades, with the development of electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques, the researchers found that spinal cord injury (SCI) not only caused pathological changes in the spinal cord, but also in the brain. This paper reviewed the influence of SCI on the structure and function of the brain in terms of brain neuron degeneration caused by SCI, the changes of neurotrophic factor in brain, and the side-effects of medicine.