Toll-like-receptors(TLRs) have been found to play a critical role in immune response of hosts.They can trigger innate immune responses by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).This paper reviews the roles of several toll-like receptors(TLR4,TLR5,and TLR9) in radioprotection and the related mechanisms,so as to provide theoretical evidences for further studying their roles in radioprotection.

Objectives To study the correlation between social emotion and temperament in infants and toddlers. Me-thods The Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) and Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ) were used to evaluate the social emotional problems and temperament of 657 infants and toddlers 1 to 3 years old. Results The temperament dimensions were correlated with behavior and competence factors. The infants and toddlers in dififcult type group had more behavior problems or deifcits/delays in competence than those in easy type group (χ2=26.49, 10.48, P<0.01). Conclu-sions Infants and toddlers with negative temperament traits have more behavior problems and weaker social emotional compe-tences. The temperament should be considered in dealing with emotional problems.

Objective Studies have shown that estrogen plays profound roles on nerve system,but the mechanism is now poorly understood.In order to address this question,the distribution of the newly cloned estrogen receptor ?(ER\|?) immunoreactivity(ER\|?\|ir) was examined in the brain of adult female rats. Methods Using nickel ammonium sulfate intensified immunohistochemistry technique. Results 1.ER\|?\|ir was mainly localized in the nuclei of neurons,it was also found in the perikaryon and neuritis;while in very few neurons,positive signals were only detected in the perikaryon and neuritis;2.High level of ER\|?\|ir positive signals were detected in the anterior olfactory nucleus,cerebral cortex,Purkinje cells,vertical limb of the diagonal band,superior vestibular nucleus,endopiriform nucleus,lateral amygdaloid nucleus,red nucleus and loci ceruleus;moderate level of ER\|?\|ir was detected in the medial septal nucleus,posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid,CA3 and CA4 of the hippocampus,dentate gyrus,bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,supraoptic nucleus;weak signals were detected in the nuclei of hypothalamus,oculomotor nucleus,claustrum and some nuclei of the amygdaloid complex.Conclusion\ ER\|? immunoreactive neurons are extensively distributed in the brain of the adult female rats;this receptor may be involved in different brain function in different brain nuclei. \;[

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in central nervous system caused by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. At present, dopaminergic neurons differentiated both in vivo and in vitro from neural stem cells act as an important cell source for the cell-replacement therapy of Parkinson's disease. This paper reviewed the major molecular mechanism, signaling pathway and important environment factors involved in differentiation of dopaminergic neurons from neural stem cells, based on the research findings in recent 10 years.

Specific detection of amatoxins and phallotoxins in body fluids is necessary for an early diagnosis of an intoxication with mushrooms.In this study, a rapid method for the simultaneous determination of α-, (β-and γ-amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidin in human urine and plasma was first developed by ultra-perform ance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Urine sample was directly injected into the separation system and plasma sample was initially prepared by precipitation of proteins with 1% acetic acid in acetoni trile.The toxin was analyzed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column using a gradient program with a cycle time of 9 min, and detected by positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the MRM mode, and quantified by matrix-match standard solution.The detection limits (S/N = 3) of the toxins were within 0.2-1 μg/L and 0.1-0.5 μg/L for urine and plasma, respectively.The standard curves were linear in the range of 2-100 μg/L for urine and 1-100 μg/L for plasma.The average recoveries were 92.0%-108.0% and 85.0%-100.0% for the toxins spiked in urine and plasma, with RSDs of 1.0%-22.0% and 2.0%-22.0% (n = 6), respectively.The method was simple, selective and sensitive to detect the amatoxins and phallotoxins in urine and plasma for both clinical and forensic purposes.

A rapid method for the detection of tetrodotoxin(TTX) in human plasma and urine was developed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After a simple protein precipitation step was undertaken, the subsequent analysis of TTX was achieved on a TSK-gel amide-80 column using an ammonium formate-methanol-acetonitrile gradient with a cycle time of 13 min, and detected by positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the MRM mode, and quantified by matrix-match standard solution. It was found that linearity in urine was observed within concentration ranged from 3 μg/L to 500 μg/L, that in plasma 1 μg/L to 200 μg/L and that limits of detection(S/N=3) for urine and plasma were 1 and 0.3 μg/L, respectively. The average recoveries were 96%-108% and 100%-105% for TTX spiked in urine and plasma, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 1.7%-8.6% and 8.9%-16%(n=6). This method was simple, selective and sensitive to detect TTX in urine and plasma for both clinical and forensic purposes.

The occurrence of nanoparticle carriers has greatly changed the traditional remedies of gastric cancer and other malignant tumors which makes the chemotherapeutic drugs possess better distribution, better targeting, less side-effects, and the ability to withstand the drug-resistance of tumor cells. Utilization of nanoparticle carriers in lymph-targeted chemotherapy of gastric cancer can not only achieve a better curative effect,but also direct the operation and improve patients' quality of lives. It has an expansive application foreground.

China ; Chronic Periodontitis ; microbiology ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Genotype ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; surgery ; Periodontics ; trends ; Periodontitis ; genetics ; immunology ; surgery ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; isolation & purification

Objective To study the clinical value of exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid operation for the prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Methods A total of 90 patients received thyroid operation in our hospital from April 2012 to August 2014 were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group(n=45) and control group(n=45) according to whether the recurrent laryngeal nerve were exposed during operation. The patients in observation group received thyroid operation with recurrent laryngeal nerve exposure, and the patients in control group received conventional thyroid operation. Then recurrent laryngeal nerve injury situation and operation situa-tion were compared. Results Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury symptoms were less in the observation group (2. 22%) compared with that of the control group (15. 56%) with a statistically singnificant difference(P<0. 05). The operation time of observation group (54. 45 ± 6. 62) min was longer than that of the control group (41. 29 ± 5. 82) min with a statistically singnificant difference (P<0. 05). The recovery time of observation group (5. 85 ± 0. 85) d was shorter than that of the control group (8. 02 ± 1. 12) d, with a statistically singnificant differ-ence (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in bleeding volume during operation,postoperative drainage volume and drainage dura-tion between two groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion Exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid operation is helpful to prevent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,which reduce the damage recovery time,although it will extend the operation time,does not increase bleeding and drainage volume.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin calcium combined with metoprolol in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS:207 CHF patients were randomly divided into control group (102 cases) and observation group (105 cases). Control group received cardiac,diuretic,vasodilating and oxygen inhalation,Metoprolol tar-trate tablet with initial dose of 6.25 mg,2-3 times a day,then increased 6.25-12.5 mg based on the improvement,2-3 times a day. Observation group additionally received 80 mg Atorvastatin tablet,twice a day. The treatment course for both groups was 16 w. Clinical efficacy,cardiac functions [left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD),mi-tral early diastolic and late diastolic peak flow velocity ratio(E/A)],blood lipids [lipoprotein(a)Lp(a),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC)] levels before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in cardiac functions and blood lipids in 2 groups(P>0.05). Af-ter treatment,the LVEF and E/A in 2 groups were significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,LVESD,Lp(a),TG and TC were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,the efficacy of atorvastatin calcium combined with metoprolol is su-perior to metoprolol in the treatment of CHF,with better safety.