Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of different doses of budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation in children with post infectious cough,and provide reference for the rational use of budesonide.Methods One hundred and twenty children with post infectious cough aged 2-14 years old were selected and divided into three groups by random digits table method (40 cases in each group).Control group was treated with 4 mg once montelukast sodium chewable tablets for 2-5 years old children,or 5 mg once for 6-14 years old children.Low-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 0.5 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group and high-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 1.0 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group.The outcome of curative effects were recorded and analyzed after 7 days of treatment.Results The total efficacy rate was 70.0％(28/40),52.5％(21/40),35.0％(14/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 3 days of treatment,and there was significant difference between high-dose group and control group (P＜ 0.01).The total efficacy rate was 92.5％(37/40),90.0％(36/40),72.5％ (29/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 7 days of treatment,and there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.025).Few adverse events associated with inhaled corticosteroids,such as thrush,sore throat,hoarseness were observed in three groups.Conclusions Budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation alleviates symptom of post infectious cough significantly with no obvious side effects,even in high-dose group which has a more outstanding efficacy.Therefore,this therapy is valuable in clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 4 μg/mL vancomycin screening plate (4VA)for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.Methods The diagnosis trials on 4VA for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were searched in the databases such as PubMed(1 966 to Aug.2013),The Cochrane Library(the second phase of 2013),ISI Web of Knowledge(1 980 to Aug.2013),CNKI (1 964 to Aug.2013),VIP (1 989 to Aug.2013)and Wanfang(1 998 to Aug.2013),mean-while the manual.Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the included trials according to the quality assessment of diagnostic accu-racy studies,and then meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Disc 1.4 software.Results A total of 3 trials involving 974 partici-pants were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that the weighted sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio,were 0.805 [95%CI (0.047 to 0.563)],0.921 [95%CI (0.901 to 0.938)],10.804 [95%CI (5.5 1 1 to 21.181)],0.1 62 [95%CI (0.71 to 1.0)]and 69.721 [95%CI (1 1.740 to 414.06)]respectively.Conclusion 4VA for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus has a very high specificity and sensitivity,so 4VA could be used to creening plate (4VA)for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in clinic.

BACKGROUND:Overtraining is a series of functional disorder or pathological state induced by continuous fatigue accumulation because exercise load and body function are incommensurate to each other. At present, commonly used methods for establishing rat models of overtraining included treadmil , swimming and climbing rod, but treadmil is comparatively accepted in the world.
OBJECTIVE:To establish the standard of overtraining rat model and to implement objective of model establishment by dynamical y monitoring biochemical indexes and observing behavioral changes.
METHODS:A total of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to model and blank control groups. The model group received movement training according to the plan. After adaptable feeding, training was performed, 6 days every week, with a rest of 1 day. Increasing intensity on treadmil was used. From the first week of training, the speed, gradient and running time were gradual y increased. However, the blank control group was conventional y fed, without any training.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Behavior changes of the training rats were arisen after five weeks. Serum creatine kinase levels increased continuously in training process, and higher than basic levels at 5 weeks (P<0.01). Serum urea nitrogen levels persistently increased, and higher than basic levels at 3 weeks (P<0.05). Hemoglobin and serum testosterone levels increased and then decreased, and significantly lower than basic levels at 8 weeks (P<0.05). Behavioral y, overtraining appeared. Simultaneously, hemoglobin and serum testosterone levels were significantly lower than basic levels. Serum creatine kinase and serum urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher than basic levels. These results indicated that the body was in overtraining state. The standard of overtraining rat model was established in this study. The overtraining rat model was established according to the training program when the training was lasted for 8 weeks, the training speed was 30 m/min;every training time was 110 minutes, and the gradient was 15°.

Objective To study the effect of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TM-TNF-αt) on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells,and explore the correlations with silencer of death domain (SODD).Methods The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunocytochemistry.The expression of SODD in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells undisposed and after disposed with TM-TNF-α was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and the influence of TM-TNF-α on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells was analyzed.Results The positive rate of PCNA in undisposed human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells was 80.3％ (155/193),in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells disposed with TM-TNF-α was 46.7％ (85/182),there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The cycle index of polymerase chain reaction in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells was 28 times,the amplification product was disposed by 2％ agarose gel electrophoresis,the gray scale disposed by TM-TNF-α and undisposed human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells were 1.377 ± 0.170 and 0.815 ± 0.040,there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TM-TNF-α has obvious cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells in vitro which may due to its up-regulating the expression of SODD.

Autophagy and apoptosis are two kinds of important ways of neuronal death in cerebral ischemia.The interaction of both in ischemic penumbra may alleviate or aggravate cerebral ischemic injury.This article reviews the role of autophagy and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and their potential regulating mechanisms of interaction.

Objectives To study the correlation between social emotion and temperament in infants and toddlers. Me-thods The Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) and Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ) were used to evaluate the social emotional problems and temperament of 657 infants and toddlers 1 to 3 years old. Results The temperament dimensions were correlated with behavior and competence factors. The infants and toddlers in dififcult type group had more behavior problems or deifcits/delays in competence than those in easy type group (χ2=26.49, 10.48, P<0.01). Conclu-sions Infants and toddlers with negative temperament traits have more behavior problems and weaker social emotional compe-tences. The temperament should be considered in dealing with emotional problems.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect in two kinds of inhalation in infant asthmatic bronchitis.Methods Two hundred and twelve asthmatic bronchitis children were randomly divided into group A (103 cases) and group B (109 cases).The children in two groups were treated with conventional therapy,including antibiotics,fluids and other treatment.The children in group A were given budesonide 1 mg,terbutaline 5 mg plus 0.9％ sodium chlorine in 2 ml,with oxygen driven inhalation therapy,2-4 times/d.The children in group B were given albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol 1-4 spray/times,4-6 times/d,inhaled fluticasone quantitative aerosol spray 1-2 spray/times,2 times/d,15 s/times.The course of two groups was 5-7 d.The therapeutic effect was compared.Results The total effective rate in group A and group B were 92.2 ％ (95/103) and 97.2 ％ (106/109),there was no significant difference (x2 =2.73,P ＞ 0.05).The relieve time of cough,gasping and wheezing,hospital stay in group B were shorter than those in group A [(12.00 ± 2.75) h vs.(29.00 ± 1.25) h,(10.00 ± 1.45) h vs.(31.00 ± 2.75) h,(13.00 ± 1.55) h vs.(33.00 ± 2.33) h,(7.20 ± 0.65) d vs.(8.70 ± 1.35) d],the cost of hospitalization in group B was lower than that in group A [(2.00 ± 0.30) thousand Yuan vs.(2.50 ± 0.55) thousand Yuan],there were significant differences(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The albuterol inhalation solution combined with fluticasone has the advantages of rapid efficacy,short course,low cost,easy to accept and adjust.It is worth to spread in primary hospital.

The occurrence of nanoparticle carriers has greatly changed the traditional remedies of gastric cancer and other malignant tumors which makes the chemotherapeutic drugs possess better distribution, better targeting, less side-effects, and the ability to withstand the drug-resistance of tumor cells. Utilization of nanoparticle carriers in lymph-targeted chemotherapy of gastric cancer can not only achieve a better curative effect,but also direct the operation and improve patients' quality of lives. It has an expansive application foreground.

Specific detection of amatoxins and phallotoxins in body fluids is necessary for an early diagnosis of an intoxication with mushrooms.In this study, a rapid method for the simultaneous determination of α-, (β-and γ-amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidin in human urine and plasma was first developed by ultra-perform ance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Urine sample was directly injected into the separation system and plasma sample was initially prepared by precipitation of proteins with 1% acetic acid in acetoni trile.The toxin was analyzed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column using a gradient program with a cycle time of 9 min, and detected by positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the MRM mode, and quantified by matrix-match standard solution.The detection limits (S/N = 3) of the toxins were within 0.2-1 μg/L and 0.1-0.5 μg/L for urine and plasma, respectively.The standard curves were linear in the range of 2-100 μg/L for urine and 1-100 μg/L for plasma.The average recoveries were 92.0%-108.0% and 85.0%-100.0% for the toxins spiked in urine and plasma, with RSDs of 1.0%-22.0% and 2.0%-22.0% (n = 6), respectively.The method was simple, selective and sensitive to detect the amatoxins and phallotoxins in urine and plasma for both clinical and forensic purposes.

A rapid method for the detection of tetrodotoxin(TTX) in human plasma and urine was developed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After a simple protein precipitation step was undertaken, the subsequent analysis of TTX was achieved on a TSK-gel amide-80 column using an ammonium formate-methanol-acetonitrile gradient with a cycle time of 13 min, and detected by positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the MRM mode, and quantified by matrix-match standard solution. It was found that linearity in urine was observed within concentration ranged from 3 μg/L to 500 μg/L, that in plasma 1 μg/L to 200 μg/L and that limits of detection(S/N=3) for urine and plasma were 1 and 0.3 μg/L, respectively. The average recoveries were 96%-108% and 100%-105% for TTX spiked in urine and plasma, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 1.7%-8.6% and 8.9%-16%(n=6). This method was simple, selective and sensitive to detect TTX in urine and plasma for both clinical and forensic purposes.