OBJECTIVE To analyze the susceptible factors to offer prevention and treatment of nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection in comprehensive ICU. METHODS The clinical materials of 82 patients with pulmonary fungal nosocomial infection in our department from May 2003 to May 2008 were reviewed. RESULTS The infection rate of total 836 patients was 9.81%.Candidiasis was the most frequent type in fungal infection,59.7% of which were due to Candida.The most clinical features were a large amount of light yellow sputum after tracheotomy and intratracheal indwelling cannula.The factors related to pulmonary fungal nosocomial infection were the severity of the underlying disease,tracheal intubations,broadspectrum antibiotics abuse,long-term use of glucocorticoid,interventional treatment,etc.Fluconazole,amphotericin B and voriconazole had better clinical effects on treatment of fungal infection than other antifungal drugs. CONCLUSIONS It′s important to eliminate the susceptible factors and to provide the early diagnosis and experimental treatment.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; Esophagogastric Junction ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; classification ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; World Health Organization

AIM: To determine the effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for angle closure glaucoma previously treated by laser iridotomy.METHODS: Thirty-nine patients(39 eyes )with angle closure glaucoma previously treated by laser iridotomy and cataract were divided into two groups according need for anti-glaucoma medications for controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) or not. All the patients underwent phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation and were followed up 3 months postoperatively.RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of both groups improved significantly (P<0.05). The post-operative IOP of group I at 3 months was 15.72±3.02mmHg,and that of group Ⅱwas 16.30±3.81mmHg. The IOP of both group decreased significantly(P<0.05). The central anterior chamber depth of group I was deepened from 1.64±0.45mm preoperatively to 3.21±0.41mm at 3 months postoperatively,group Ⅱ was deepened from 1.92±0.52mm preoperatively to 3.18±0.39mm at 3 months postoperatively. The postoperative central anterior chamber depth of both groups increased significantly(P<0.05).Anterior chamber angle was much wider postoperatively.CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was effective for angle closure glaucoma previously treated by laser iridotomy,and can improve visual acuity and completely relieve the pupillary block of angle closure glaucoma.

Egr-1 is an important transcription factor, which regulates at least 30 kinds of gene expression. Egr-1 couples extracellular signals to long-term responses by altering expression of Egr-1 target genes. So egr-1 can directly or indirectly affect cell differentiation,apoptosis,immune response,injury and repair. This article reviewed the progress in Egr-1 and the lung disease.

Terpenoids constitute a chemically diverse family of naturally occuring compounds with pharmaceutical significance, such as artemisinin and taxin. They are synthesized in many kinds of microorganisms and plants with very low yield. Metabolic engineering, modifying metabolic pathways of terpenoids-synthesized cells by recombinant DNA techniques, has been developed and applied to improve the production of terpenoids, as well as create a novel biosynthesis pathway of terpenoids in terpenoid-free organisms. The biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids was sumed up, and recent progress of metabolic engineering aiming at raising content of terpenoids in microorganisms and plants was described.

In order to investigate the effects of TGF-beta1 on the expression of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, the third-sixth passage cultured RPE cells were treated with TGF-beta1 at different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 ng/mL), the expression of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays. MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNA were expressed in the cultured RPE cells. The values of MMP-2/beta-actin in the cells treated with 0.1, 1.0, 10 ng/mL TGF-beta1 were 1.04 +/- 0.04, 1.07 +/- 0.02 and 1.11 +/- 0.03, respectively, significantly higher than in the control group (0.96 +/- 0.03, P < 0.05-0.01). The expression of MMP-2 mRNA could be up-regulated by TGF-beta1, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MMP-9 mRNA in the cultured RPE cells was slightly up-regulated by various TGF-beta1 concentrations treatment. The values of TIMP-1/beta-actin in the cells treated with 0.01 and 0.1 ng/ mL TGF-beta1 were 0.85 +/- 0.01 and 0.97 +/- 0.02 respectively, significantly lower than in the control group (1.07 +/- 0.04, P < 0.01), indicating that the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was down-regulated by TGF-beta1 at low concentrations. But along with the increase of TGF-beta1 concentrations (1.0 and 10 ng/mL), the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was slightly up-regulated, not significantly different from that in the control group (P > 0.05). It was concluded that TGF-beta1 might play an important role in the up-regulation of the expression of MMP-2 in RPE cells and result in a directional shift in the balance between MMP and TIMP. This may be facilitated for RPE cells to migrate in the pathogenesis of vitreoretinopathy.

Objective: To investigate the source of Candida alb ic ans in the mouth of neonates. Methods: 208 mother in fant pairs were recruited. Specimens from mothers for fungal culture were obtain de from the mouths by oral rinse and from vagina by swab within 48 h before de livery, and specimens from full term neonates were obtained from mouth by swab on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day while still in hospital and when the neonates were 1 month old. Candida species were identified by the routine microbiologica l methods, then Candida albicans isolated from mother infant pairs were com pared genetically by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD). Results: Candida albicans was isolated in the mouth of only 2 neonates (0.96%) and in the vagina and mouth of the corresponding 2 mothers in hospital.That was isola ted in the mouth of 43 neonates (21.39%) when they were 1 month old and in both vagina and mouth of 3 corresponding mothers and in the mouth of another 2 corr esponding mothers. RAPD revealed different genotypes of Candida albicans in each mother infant pair. Conclusions: The vertical tran smission of Candida albicans from mother to baby seems not to be the main so urce of Candida albicans in neonate mouth.

Objective To evaluate the application of duct endoscopy in the diagnosis of breast diseases characterized by nipple discharge.Methods One hundred and sixty-nine consecutive cases from October 2003 to September 2004 who had duct endoscopy for nipple discharge were reviewed and followed up.Results Of 169 cases,79 ductitis,62 intraductal papilloma,9 intraductal carcinoma in situ,19 without breast diseases were diagnosed under duct endoscopy.During following up,the diagnostic accuracy of intraductal papilloma and intraductal carcinoma in situ with duct endoscopy was 89.8%(44/49) and 55.6%(5/9),respectively.There was only one patient who had breast pain and mild skin redness which was cured with oral antibiotics for 3 days.Conclusion Duct endoscopy is an only technique to explore the etiology for duct discharge under vision.It is direct,safe and effective,with a high accuracy.

Objective To study the effect of purified water on the neurobehavioral development of the offspring and the synergistic effect of the magnesium deficiency in food. Methods SD rats were divided into four groups,control food plus control water (control group),control food plus purified water,magnesium deficiency food plus control water,magnesium deficiency plus purified water,from five weeks of age of the F0 generation to five weeks of the F1 generation respectively. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of offspring of rats. Results In the early training days of the place navigation,control group offspring of rats showed a shorter swimming time than the other groups. There were no significant differences among all experimental groups in the later training days of the place navigation,spatial probe test and visible platform trial,however the tendency was still to remain. Conclusion Purified water can damage the learning ability of offspring of rats and the learning ability delay will be more obviously when magnesium is deficient in food.

Objective In order to study the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus(HPV) and seek for a therapeutic approach of the diseases caused by HPV, the construction of HPV18 E6E7 antisense RNA expressing recombinants was studied. Methods We amplified the HPV18 E6E7 816bp by PCR with HPV18 plasmid DNA as the template. pLNSX retroviruses were used as vectors,the HPV18 E6E7 retrovirus recombinants were constructed. And then the recombinants were cleaved with restriction endonuclease and hybridized with Southern blot for identifying the inserting direction and special check respectively. Results and conclusion The HPV18 E6E7 antisense RNA retrovirus expressing recombinants were screened and obtained,which had laid the foundation of studying the function of E6E7 genes further and explore whether the antisense technique can adjust and control the expression of E6E7 genes.