OBJECTIVETo explore the pattern of lymphatic metastasis and risk factors of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia.

METHODSClinical data of 484 patients receiving esophagectomy from January 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed, whose carcinoma invaded less than adventitia. The lymph node metastasis pattern of the primary tumor and corresponding influence factor were analyzed.

RESULTSTotal lymph node metastatic rate was 32.0% (155/484). Sixteen of 61 upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (26.2%) had lymphatic metastasis. Fifty-five of 201 middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (27.4%) had lymphatic metastasis. Eighty-four of 222 lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients(37.8%) had lymphatic metastasis. The deeper tumor invaded, the easier lymph node metastasis occurred, as well as the lower of the tumor differentiation and the larger of the tumor diameter. Multivariate analysis revealed lesion diameter (P=0.005), differentiation degree (P=0.007) and invasion depth (P=0.001) were independent risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in esophageal cancer that invaded less than adventitia.

CONCLUSIONDepth of tumor invasion, diameter of tumor and tumor differentiation are risk factors of lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia.

Adventitia ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Esophagectomy ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSClinicopathological data of a total of 418 patients who underwent lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features.

RESULTSLymph node metastasis was observed in 25 patients. There were 122 patients who were diagnosed as ground glass opacity with no lymph node metastasis. 399 patients had subcarinal dissection, among them 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking history, diameter of lymph node, ground glass opacity (GGO), differentiation of the tumor and tumor site were the factors affecting lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that diameter of lymph node, differentiation of the tumor and the site of lesion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC.

CONCLUSIONSTumor in the left lung, poor differentiation, and diameter of lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm on the preoperative CT image are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, hence we should pay attention before surgery and systematic lymph node dissection should be done. For patients with poor differentiation and lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm, subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is recommended for the sake of higher possibility of lymph node metastasis. For patients with ground glass opacity ≤ 2 cm, the lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, therefore, selective lymph node dissection is reconmmended.

Analysis of Variance ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking

Objective To study the differential diagnostic efficacy of α-enolase ( ENO1 ) autoantibodies in lung adenocarcinoma , benign pulmonary disease , and normal individuals , and to evaluate the improvement of the diagnostic efficiency of existing markers by establishing a binary logistic regression model.Methods This was a case-control study.Participants were from the public health welfare program led by the National Cancer Center/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital.Serum samples were collected June 2014 to June 2017 including 60 patients with lung adenocarcinoma , 50 patients with benign lung diseases , and 90 healthy controls.Luminex MAGPIX platform was applied to detect serum ENO1 autoantibodies, CEA and Cyfra21-1 proteins.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)analysis and binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the performance and build diagnostic model.Results The median level of serum ENO1 autoantibody in patients with lung adenocarcinoma was 918.5 ( 665.5-2 043.3 ), which was significantly higher than that in the normal individuals (722.5, 585.5-921.8, Z＝-3.113, P＝0.002) and benign lung disease patients (693.0, 501.4-973.3, Z＝-3.395, P＝0.001).And no significant differences between benign disease groups and normal individuals (Z＝-1.155, P＝0.248).ROC was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) of ENO1 autoantibodies was 0.664 (95% confidence interval : 0.576-0.752), while the AUCs of existing diagnostic marker CEA and Cyfra21-1 were 0.680 (95% confidence interval : 0.594-0.767) and 0.617 (95% confidence interval: 0.532-0.703).A joint diagnostic model including ENO1 and CEA was built with an AUC of 0.757 (95%confidence interval : 0.675-0.838).The diagnostic efficacy of the model was significantly different from ENO1 autoantibodies (Z＝2.648, P＝0.008).When the specificity was 90%, the sensitivity of ENO1 autoantibodies was 38.3%, while the sensitivity of the combination with CEA was raised to 50%.Conclusion ENO1 autoantibodies could be a marker for the auxiliary diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, and can improve the efficacy of the existing diagnostic markers such as CEA .ENO1 has the potential use for the diagnosis and screening.

Background and objective Increased macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), member of trans-forming growth factor-β(TGF-β) superfamily, was found in patients serum with epithelial tumors. hTerefore, our aim was to delineate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum MIC-1 in patients with stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 152 consecutive patients with stage I–II NSCLC were prospectively enrolled and underwent follow up atfer total resection of tumor. Serum MIC-1 level was detected in lung cancer patients by ELISA, 48 benign pulmonary disease patients and 105 healthy controls, and was correlated with clinical features and prognosis of patients. Results hTe level of MIC-1 of NSCLC patients was signiifcantly higher than that of controls (P<0.001) and benign pulmonary disease patients (P<0.001). A threshold of 1,000 pg/mL could be used to diagnose early-stage NSCLC with 70.4%sensitivity and 99.0%speci-ifcity. hTe level of MIC-1 was associated with elder age (P=0.001), female (P=0.03) and T2 (P=0.022). A threshold of 1,465 pg/mL could identify patients with early poor outcome with 72.2%sensitivity and 66.1%speciifcity. hTe overall 3-year survival rate in patients with high level of MIC-1 (≥1,465 pg/mL) was signiifcantly lower than that of patients with low MIC-1 level (77.6%vs 94.8%). Multivariable Cox regression revealed that a high level of MIC-1 was an independent risk factor for compro-mised overall survival (HR=3.37, 95%CI:1.09-10.42, P=0.035). Conclusion High level of serum MIC-1 could be served as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and poorer outcome in patients with early-stage NSCLC.

Objective To explore the pattern of lymphatic metastasis and risk factors of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia. Methods Clinical data of 484 patients receiving esophagectomy from January 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed , whose carcinoma invaded less than adventitia. The lymph node metastasis pattern of the primary tumor and corresponding influence factor were analyzed. Results Total lymph node metastatic rate was 32.0%(155/484). Sixteen of 61 upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (26.2%) had lymphatic metastasis. Fifty-five of 201 middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (27.4%) had lymphatic metastasis. Eighty-four of 222 lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (37.8%) had lymphatic metastasis. The deeper tumor invaded, the easier lymph node metastasis occurred, as well as the lower of the tumor differentiation and the larger of the tumor diameter. Multivariate analysis revealed lesion diameter (P=0.005), differentiation degree (P=0.007) and invasion depth (P=0.001) were independent risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in esophageal cancer that invaded less than adventitia. Conclusion Depth of tumor invasion, diameter of tumor and tumor differentiation are risk factors of lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia.

Objective To explore the pattern of lymphatic metastasis and risk factors of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia. Methods Clinical data of 484 patients receiving esophagectomy from January 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed , whose carcinoma invaded less than adventitia. The lymph node metastasis pattern of the primary tumor and corresponding influence factor were analyzed. Results Total lymph node metastatic rate was 32.0%(155/484). Sixteen of 61 upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (26.2%) had lymphatic metastasis. Fifty-five of 201 middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (27.4%) had lymphatic metastasis. Eighty-four of 222 lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (37.8%) had lymphatic metastasis. The deeper tumor invaded, the easier lymph node metastasis occurred, as well as the lower of the tumor differentiation and the larger of the tumor diameter. Multivariate analysis revealed lesion diameter (P=0.005), differentiation degree (P=0.007) and invasion depth (P=0.001) were independent risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in esophageal cancer that invaded less than adventitia. Conclusion Depth of tumor invasion, diameter of tumor and tumor differentiation are risk factors of lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia.

Objective To explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . Methods Clinicopathological data of a total of 418 patients who underwent lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features.Resulst Lymph node metastasis was observed in 25 patients.There were 122 patients who were diagnosed as ground glass opacity with no lymph node metastasis.399 patients had subcarinal dissection, among them 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis.Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking history, diameter of lymph node, ground glass opacity ( GGO ) , differentiation of the tumor and tumor site were the factors affecting lymph node metastasis ( all P<0.05) .Logistic regression analysis showed that diameter of lymph node, differentiation of the tumor and the site of lesion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Conclusions Tumor in the left lung, poor differentiation, and diameter of lymph nodes ≥1 cm on the preoperative CT image are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, hence we should pay attention before surgery and systematic lymph node dissection should be done.For patients with poor differentiation and lymph nodes≥1 cm, subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is recommended for the sake of higher possibility of lymph node metastasis.For patients with ground glass opacity≤2 cm, the lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, therefore, selective lymph node dissection is reconmmended.

Objective To explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . Methods Clinicopathological data of a total of 418 patients who underwent lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features.Resulst Lymph node metastasis was observed in 25 patients.There were 122 patients who were diagnosed as ground glass opacity with no lymph node metastasis.399 patients had subcarinal dissection, among them 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis.Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking history, diameter of lymph node, ground glass opacity ( GGO ) , differentiation of the tumor and tumor site were the factors affecting lymph node metastasis ( all P<0.05) .Logistic regression analysis showed that diameter of lymph node, differentiation of the tumor and the site of lesion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Conclusions Tumor in the left lung, poor differentiation, and diameter of lymph nodes ≥1 cm on the preoperative CT image are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, hence we should pay attention before surgery and systematic lymph node dissection should be done.For patients with poor differentiation and lymph nodes≥1 cm, subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is recommended for the sake of higher possibility of lymph node metastasis.For patients with ground glass opacity≤2 cm, the lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, therefore, selective lymph node dissection is reconmmended.

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare, poorly differentiated, subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and constitutes approximately 0.1% to 0.5% of all lung malignancies. PSC can be divided into five subtypes based on the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung tumors: pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and pulmonary blastoma. Some imaging characteristics can be found for PSC although no special symptoms. The accurate pathological diagnosis of PSC can be a significant challenge, which depends on pathology and immunohistochemistry. PSC should be managed similar to other NSCLC, surgical resection is the standard management for early stage cases, moreover, multimodal treatment should be considered. However, PSC is insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and has high rate of local and metastatic recurrence and poor prognosis. With the development of molecular pathology, targeted therapy and immunotherapy may have broad prospects.
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis

Objective: To study the prognostic factors for patients with stage ⅠB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after radical operation (R0). Methods: The clinical data of 458 patients who underwent radical resection for NSCLC and were pathologically diagnosed with stage ⅠB lung cancer from January 2009 to December 2010, were reviewed retrospectively. Those cases include 269 male patients and 189 female, aged between 28 and 88, with a median age of 61 years. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for univariate survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate survival analysis. Results: Among these 458 cases, 66 patients were dead and the 5-year survival rate was 85.6%.The results of the univariate analysis showed that the age ≥65 years, elevated preoperative CEA, preoperative FEV1%pred<70%, vascular carcinoma embolus, and low tumor differentiation were associated with poor prognosis of patients(P<0.05). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that elevated preoperative CEA, preoperative FEV1%pred<70% and low tumor differentiation were connected with poor prognosis of patients (P<0.05). Conclusions Elevated preoperative CEA, preoperative FEV1%pred<70% and low tumor differentiation are independent risk factors which influence prognosis and survival rate of patients with stage ⅠB NSCLC, among which those with poorly differentiated tumor could benefit from postoperative chemotherapy.