Humans ; Diverticulum, Colon ; Fecal Impaction ; Hydrodynamics

In the studies of modern epidemiology, exposure in a short term cannot fully elaborate the mechanism of the development of diseases or health-related events. Thus, lights have been shed on to life course epidemiology, which studies the exposures in early life time and their effects related to the development of chronic diseases. When exploring the mechanism leading from one exposure to an outcome and its effects through other factors, due to the existence of time-variant effects, conventional statistic methods could not meet the needs of etiological analysis in life course epidemiology. This paper summarizes the dynamic path analysis model, including the model structure and significance, and its application in life course epidemiology. Meanwhile, the procedure of data processing and etiology analyzing were introduced. In conclusion, dynamic path analysis is a useful tool which can be used to better elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the etiology of chronic diseases.
Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Risk Factors ; Time

Objective: To understand the prevalence, trend and related factors on soil-borne nematode in Danzhou city to provide information for prevention and control of the disease. Methods: According to the guidelines set by the National National soil-borne nematode technical solutions, one village was randomly chosen from every township as the monitoring location, in the east, west, south and north parts of Danzhou city. A total of 200 residents aged 3 years and over were randomly selected in each monitoring site, with modified Kato thick smear and Cellophane tape anal swab used for microscopy. Results: In this survey, we retrospectively analyzed the rates on soil borne nematode infection in five monitoring locations of Danzhou city and the results showed that the overall positive rates of infection was 19.5% (195/1 000). Comparing with the previous surveys, rates on soil-borne parasites infection were decreasing. The main types of soil-borne nematode infection appeared as roundworm, whipworm, hookworm and pinworm in Danzhou city, with rate of hookworm-egg infection ranking the highest (42.5%, 85/200) in Dacheng. The infection rate was seen significantly higher in females than males. People aged over 60 and between 3-10, had a higher rates of infection. Rate on multiple infections reached 16.9%, including 5 triple infection cases. Conclusion: Rates of infection on soil-borne nematodes in Danzhou city showed a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2016 with hookworm and whipworm as the major ones.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nematoda/isolation & purification* ; Nematode Infections/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Serogroup ; Soil ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To evaluate the subjective well-being feelings of people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai by using the Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) and explore the related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2009 to June 2010 among people aged ≥50 years selected through multistage random cluster sampling in Shanghai. DRM was used to assess participants' subjective well-being by net effect and U-index. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the related factors. Results: A total of 8 075 participants were included, with average age of 63.1 years. The mean net effect value was 1.24 (95%CI:1.15-1.33), and the mean U-index was 1.55% (95%CI:1.10%-1.99%). After adjusted for demographic factors, univariate liner regression model indicated that age, education level, marital status, family wealth, residence, self-rated health status, WHODAS score and prevalence of chronic disease were associated with subjective well-being, and multivariate liner regression model indicated that higher WHODAS score was associated with lower net effect value (P<0.05). Conclusion: The subjective well-being feelings of people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai might be associated with age, education level, marital status, family wealth, residence, self-rated health status and WHODAS score. Enhanced social support and appropriate social security system might facilitate the improvement of the subjective well-being of the elderly.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emotions ; Health Status ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Social Support

INTRODUCTIONPosterior segment involvement has been described to be associated with central nervous system involvement in sarcoidosis as a result of direct sarcoid tissue infiltration or mass effect of a cerebral lesion. However, isolated intermediate uveitis occurring concurrently with central nervous system involvement prior to extensive systemic disease is rare.

CLINICAL PICTUREWe describe a patient with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of intermediate uveitis and an enhancing basal ganglia lesion at initial presentation, in the absence of extensive systemic disease.

TREATMENTHe was treated with high-dose systemic steroids which was progressively tailed down over 6 months.

OUTCOMEThere was prompt resolution of vitritis with good preservation of visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONThe difficulties of the initial diagnosis of sarcoidosis and the indications for initiation of steroid therapy are illustrated. We use this case to emphasise the need for a high clinical suspicion of sarcoidosis in the presence of similar unusual and seemingly unrelated combinations of neurological manifestations so as to facilitate the prompt institution of appropriate treatment when indicated.

Adult ; Angiography ; Basal Ganglia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; diagnosis ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Sarcoidosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uveitis ; complications ; diagnosis

Inhalation injury is caused by inhalation of heat, toxic or irritating gases which lead to respiratory and pulmonary parenchyma damage. At present, the clinical understanding about it is still limited and lack of effective diagnosis and treatment standard. Based on the experience of diagnosis and treatment of domestic inhalation injury, combined with reports of international researches, criteria (expert consensus) for inhalation injury were systematically discussed from pathological and pathophysiological changes, clinical diagnosis and evaluation, and clinical treatment, which provides reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients inflicted with inhalation injury.
Burns, Inhalation ; Consensus ; Humans ; Lung ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; diagnosis ; therapy

Animals ; Benzene ; Biomarkers ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Solid Phase Extraction ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology*

Objective: To study the dose-response relationship between maternal thyroid hormone levels in the first twenty weeks of pregnancy and the infant physical and neuropsychological development. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, a total of 945 women and their children were included. Maternal serum samples during first half of the pregnancy were collected and analyzed for levels of thyroid hormones by using the electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. Maternal social demographic information was collected by using the a self-administered questionnaire. Physical measurements of newborns and neuropsychological evaluation of infants were performed by doctors of maternal and child health care. Results: The differences in newborns' birth length and head circumference were significant among the newborns of mothers with different percentiles of maternal serum (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) levels (P<0.05). Newborns with maternal TSH level ≥P(95) or <P(5) had significantly lower birth length and birth head circumference, compared with the newborns with maternal TSH level between P(25)-P(75) (P<0.05). Newborns' birth head circumferences showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH level (Y=33.940+0.003X-0.109X(2), F=4.685, P=0.009). The difference in mental development index (MDI) of the infants at 18-30 months were significant among the infants of mothers with different percentiles of maternal serum TSH level (P<0.05). Infants with maternal TSH level ≥P(90) showed lower MDI (6.39, 95%CI: 2.29-10.49, P=0.002) compared with the infants with maternal TSH level between P(25)-P(75). Infant's MDI at 18- 30 months also showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH level (Y=103.249-1.524X-0.939X(2), F=6.616, P=0.001). Conclusions: Maternal TSH level was associated with newborn's birth length, birth head circumference and infant's MDI at 18-30 months. Newborn's birth head circumference and infant's MDI at 18-30 months showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH-Z score.
Birth Weight/physiology* ; Child ; Child Development/physiology* ; China ; Female ; Fetal Blood/metabolism* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn/blood* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood* ; Prospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland/physiology* ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism* ; Thyrotropin/blood*

OBJECTIVEFructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP), serving as a cellular energy substance, has shown its roles in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and myocardial damage. The present study aimed at exploring the potentiality of the protective effect of FDP against ultrastructural damage of the hippocampus caused by febrile seizures (FS) in rats.

METHODSThirty-six 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: untreated FS (control), high-dose FDP-treated FS and low-dose FDP-treated FS. FS were induced by hyperthermal bath. Thirty minutes before FS induction, rats in the high-dose and low-dose FDP-treated groups received a peritoneal injection of FDP at a dosage of 50 and 25 mg per 100 g of body weight respectively, whereas the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution were injected to the rats in the control group. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructural pathologic changes of neurons and organelles as well as the features of synaptic morphological parameters in the hippocampal CA1 area.

RESULTSNeuronal degeneration and necrosis, mitochondria swelling, polyribosomes disaggregation from endoplasmic reticula, and golgiosomes dilation in the hippocampal CA1 area in the two FDP intervention groups were less severe compared with the control group. FDP treatment resulted in significant increases in postsynaptic density thickness (F=12.47, P<0.01), synaptic active zone length (F=14.75, P<0.01) and synaptic interface curvature (F=3.77, P<0.05), as well as a shorter interspace of neural synapses (F=7.29, P<0.01) when compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in the ultrastructural changes between the two FDP treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONSFDP can ameliorate ultrastructural damage in the hippocampus caused by FS in rats. However, further research is warranted for a reasonable and effective dosage of FDP.

Animals ; Fructosediphosphates ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures, Febrile ; drug therapy ; pathology