Objective To investigate the relationship of insulin resistance and secretion during late pregnancy in women with glucose intolerance.Methods Immunoenzymetric assay was used to measure the fasting serum insulin levels in 122 pregnant women which including of 36 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),34 pregnant women with gestational impaired glucose tolerance(GIGT),and 52 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance(NGT).The fasting plasma glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method.The insulin sensitivity index(ISI) and islet secretive function index(IFI) were compared between the three groups.Results ISI had an increasing trend from NGT group,GIGT group to GDM group(P

AIM:Toinvestigatewhetherandhowhumanchorionicgonadotropin(HCG)treatmentameliorates endometriosis in the endometriotic rat model .METHODS:The rat model of endometriosis was established and the model rats were divided into 4 groups.The rats in HCG groups were treated with 19.4, 25.8 and 51.6 IU/100 g of HCG every day (low-dose HCG, medium-dose HCG and high-dose HCG, respectively).The rats in control group were treated with 0.9%NaCl.After 15 days (3 estrous cycles), the ectopic lesion volume and ultrastructural characteristics in eutopic and ectopic endometria were investigated .RESULTS: After HCG treatment , the volume of endometriotic lesions was signifi-cantly smaller than that before treatment .Numerous and mitochondrial , endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes were ob-served in the cytoplasm of eutopic and ectopic endometrium before treatment .After treatment , some cell structures were not clear , and mitochondrial cristae decreased or disappeared partly .Some cells were densed and shrinkage , autophagosome in cytoplasm increased , and mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum swelt .CONCLUSION:HCG therapy appears to be an effective treatment for endometriosis in rats attributed to its influence on cell metabolism dysfunction of eutopic and ectopic endometria .

AIM:To explore the characteristics of hepatitis B virus S gene mutation in the vertical transmission after active and passive vaccination .METHODS:Fifteen cases of immunoprophylaxis failure were enrolled in the study . HBV S gene (including pres-S and S) from the mothers, newborns before active and passive vaccination and 7-month-old infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were detected by PCR amplification .The characteristics of HBV S gene mutation were compared among the 3 groups.RESULTS: The genotype of HBV in the newborns and the infants was the same as that in the mothers .The frequencies of mutation in the 2 fragments of the HBV S gene had no significant difference between the 3 groups.The homology tree model based on HBV S gene was analyzed in the 3 groups, in which every group had their own cluster.There were 15 different mutation sites between 7 pairs of mothers and newborns .There were 3 different muta-tion sites between 3 pairs of newborns and infants (nt273A→A/G, nt512C→C/T and nt1139C→A), among which the first 2 were located in the S gene region but not in the “a” determinant , and the latter was located in the overlap region of S and X genes .There were 25 different mutation sites between 9 pairs of mothers and infants , but only 1 case had a differ-ent mutation site between the mother , newborn and infant .CONCLUSION: The HBV species in newborns and infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were transmitted from the mothers .The mutations in the HBV S gene with immunoprophy-laxis failure happened before and after active and passive vaccination , mainly before vaccination .The relationship between HBV S gene mutations and immunoprophylaxis failure should be further explored .

Professor JIA Chunsheng believes that "Dongyuan's acupuncture therapy" proposed by GAO Wu could not entirely reflect LI Dongyuan's academic thought of acupuncture and moxibustion. Hence, we collected all of the academic works of LI Dongyuan and extracted the texts relevant with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy, titled as Dongyuan's acupuncture-moxibustion therapy. This process contributed to the deeper study on Dongyuan's acupuncture and moxibustion academic thought. By the influence of Dongyuan's acupuncture-moxibustion academic thought, in association with his clinical experience for dozens of years, Professor JIA Chunsheng proposed that acupuncture and moxibustion should pay attention to the regulation and tonification of spleen and kidney. In clinical practice, Zhongwan (CV 12), bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4) are commonly selected to consolidate the root, cultivate the primary and treat the spleen and kidney simultaneously. The locations of the above selected points are distributed like a star. This "star-like point selection method" points to the importance of the spleen and kidney (the primary qi). For many diseases, especially the disorders of internal injury, the star-like acupuncture therapy is commonly used and the relevant acupoints are supplemented. The good clinical efficacy has been achieved.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; methods ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history ; methods

Objective:To investigate the effect of improved partial graft excision (iPGE) in the treatment of infected arteriovenous grafts (AVG).Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study. A cohort database study of patients who underwent surgery for infected AVG from January 2019 to July 2022 was conducted. The cases were divided into total graft excision (TGE) group and iPGE group, and the postoperative reinfection rate and surgery-related complications, such as bleeding, nerve injury and limb ischemia, in the two groups were analyzed. The primary patency rate and the secondary patency rate at 3 months and 6 months after the surgery in the iPGE group were analyzed.Results:(1) General information: A total of 47 cases were included in the study. Among these 47 cases, 14 cases had undergone iPGE of infected AVG, and 33 cases had undergone TGE. The study population was of an average age of 59 years (21-81 years), including 18 males and 29 females. Dialysis age was 36 (14, 72) months. AVG age was 18 (4, 36) months. The shortest AVG age was half a month, and the longest AVG age was 72 months. (2)Comparative analysis of the two groups: The reinfection rate of the iPGE group was 21.4% (3/14), and the reinfection rate of the TGE group was 0 (0/33). The reinfection rate of the iPGE group was higher than that of the TGE group, and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher exact test, P=0.022). For 11 patients in the iPGE group (excluding 3 cases with reinfection), the shortest follow-up period was 5 months and the longest follow-up period was 18 months. In the iPGE group, the primary patency rate at 3 months was 72.7% (8/11), and the primary patency rate at 6 months was 72.7% (8/11); the secondary patency rate at 3 months was 100% (11/11) and the secondary patency rate at 6 months was 90.9% (10/11). There was no brachial artery rupture, nerve injury or limb ischemia in the iPGE group. In the TGE group, 1 case underwent secondary repair of brachial artery due to brachial artery rupture, and there was no nerve injury or limb ischemia in other cases. Conclusions:During the treatment of infected AVG, iPGE can preserve the original fistula, and avoid central venous catheterization. At the same time, the operation difficulty and risk are relatively low. Although the reinfection rate of iPGE is slightly higher than that of TGE in this study, the reinfection rate of iPGE is lower than that reported in the previous study. The key to prevent reinfection is to grasp the reasonable surgical adaptation signs in preoperative evaluation, perform intraoperative reevaluation and control surgical operation details. The iPGE represents an acceptable method for the treatment of some particular patients with infected AVG.

Macrophages acquire distinct phenotypes during tissue stress and inflammatory responses. Macrophages are roughly categorized into two different subsets named inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. We herein identified a unique pathogenic macrophage subpopulation driven by IL-23 with a distinct gene expression profile including defined types of cytokines. The freshly isolated resting mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with different cytokines in vitro, the expression of cytokines and chemokines were detected by microarray, real-time PCR, ELISA and multiple colors flow cytometry. Adoptive transfer of macrophages and imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice were used. In contrast to M1- and M2-polarized macrophages, IL-23-treated macrophages produce large amounts of IL-17A, IL-22 and IFN-γ. Biochemical and molecular studies showed that IL-23 induces IL-17A expression in macrophages through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-retinoid related orphan receptor-γ T (RORγT) pathway. T-bet mediates the IFN-γ production in IL-23-treated macrophages. Importantly, IL-23-treated macrophages significantly promote the dermatitis pathogenesis in a psoriasis-like mouse model. IL-23-treated resting macrophages express a distinctive gene expression prolife compared with M1 and M2 macrophages. The identification of IL-23-induced macrophage polarization may help us to understand the contribution of macrophage subpopulation in Th17-cytokines-related pathogenesis.
Animals ; Cell Polarity ; Imiquimod ; Interleukin-23 ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Psoriasis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology