Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To analyze the relationship of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and homocysteine (Hcy) with coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR),and to discuss the clinical predictors of ISR after rapamycin-eluting coronary stent implantation.Methods A total of 400 patients,who had received rapamycin-eluting coronary stent implantation,were enrolled in this study.According to follow-up coronary angiography findings,the patients were divided into ISR group and non-ISR group.Plasma ox-LDL and Hcy levels were tested before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as well as at the time of follow-up coronary angiography.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate ISR-related clinical parameters,angiographic features and surgical factors.Results ISR group had 48 patients and non-ISR group had 352 patients,the clinical incidence rate of ISR was 13.6％.Compared with non-ISR group,the plasma ox-LDL and Hcy levels tested before stent implantation and at the time of follow-up coronary angiography were strikingly increased,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent correlative factors for ISR included hypertension (OR=1.12,95％CI:1.02-3.92;P=0.033),diabetes (OR=2.61,95％CI:1.93-4.26;P=0.016 0),Hcy (OR=2.45,95％CI:1.57-4.48;P=0.036),ox-LDL (OR=2.18,95％CI:1.45-4.96;P=0.006),taking statins (OR=0.50,95％CI:0.26-0.82;P=0.013),smoking (OR=5.62,95％CI:4.13-7.18;P=0.002),coronary artery disease (OR=3.32,95％CI:2.12-5.34;P=0.017),coronary bifurcation lesion (OR=3.51,95％CI:2.36-5.58;P=0.021),chronic total occlusion (OR=2.01,95％CI:1.22-4.84;P=0.014),reference vessel diameter (OR=0.25,95％CI:0.12-0.62;P=0.001),preoperative vascular stenosis degree (OR=2.06,95％ CI:1.21-4.32;P=0.024),stent diameter (OR=0.20,95％CI:0.10-0.53;P=0.001) and stent length (OR=2.60,95％CI:1.22-4.84;P=0.036).Conclusion Clinically,ISR is not an uncommon finding in patients who have received rapamycin-eluting coronary stent implantation.This study indicates that hypertension,diabetes,Hcy,ox-LDL,taking statins,smoking,coronary artery disease,coronary bifurcation lesion,chronic total occlusion,reference vessel diameter,preoperative vascular stenosis degree,stent diameter and stent length are the independent factors for ISR.Long-term use of statins can reduce the risk of ISR.

OBJECTIVETo understand the situation of biomass fuel use in rural Guangdong, and how it affecting the prevalence of hypertension in adult women.

METHODSInhabitants aged 18 and above were chosen, using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from 13 rural countries in Guangdong province in 2010. Questionnaire survey and blood pressure measurement were conducted. Multilevel logistic regression model was used to study the relationship between biomass fuel use and the prevalence of hypertension at both country and individual levels.

RESULTSOf the 5794 rural families, 2 569 (44.3%) cooked with biomass fuel in the kitchen. 1233 (46.2%) and 1 436 (53.8%) out of the 2669 adult women used biomass fuel and clean energy, respectively. Results from χ² study showed that biomass users presented higher prevalence of hypertension (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52), but in multilevel model analysis, the difference was not significant. In addition, using an extractor fan when cooking seemed to have protected factor in decreasing the risk of hypertension among biomass users (RR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.98).

CONCLUSIONProportion of the use of biomass fuel was still high among rural families in Guangdong province. Although there was not enough evidence to verify the relationship between the use of biomass fuel and hypertension in adult women. However, concerns about the use of biomass fuel which causing the indoor air pollution, should be raised.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Biofuels ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Multilevel Analysis ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult