cases of focal nodular heperplasia of the liver were studied with HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The patient population was composed of 12 males and 5 females, aged 13 to 71 years. The main symptom was abdomimal pain or discomfort. 9 patients were misdiagnosed as hepatic cell carcinoma (HCC) before operation. Histologically, 14 cases were of classical form, and 2 cases were of telangiectatic form, and 1 case mixed form. The classical form of FNH was defined by the presence of 4 characteristic histologic features: nodular central stellate scar, abnormal nodular architecture, malformed vessels, and cholangiolar proliferation. The causes of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver were briefly discussed.

Objective To analyse the clinical and pathological features of cystadenocarcinoma in the intrahepatic biliary tract. Methods The clinical features of 14 patients with cystadenocarcinoma in intrahepatic biliary tract were analysed in respect to the results of ultrasonic and CT scannings, as well as pathological examination. Results Among the 14 patients, 11 were females and 3 were males. The age of the patients ranged from 32 to 79 years, and mean age was 59.5. The obvious symptoms were right-upper abdominal pain and abdominal distention, and major physical signs were hepatomegaly with cystic feeling. The ultra sonographic and CT scanning revealed cystic space occupying lesions in the liver. According to the invasion or infiltration of carcinoma to the liver tissue, the pathology of cystadenocarcinoma in intrahepatic biliary tract could be categorized into two types: the invading and non-invading. There were 8 patients belonging to the first type and they died 9～37 months after the diagnosis or operation, while 6 patients with no invasion were alive after operation. Conclusion The clinical picture and pathology of cystadenocarcinoma in intrahepatic biliary tract were described. The pathological classification was important in prognosticating the outcome of the patient.

Objective To study histological and cytological characteristics of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum by needle biopsy. Methods Needle biopsy specimens of 19 cases of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum were studied with pathological, cytological, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining examination. Results Of 19 cases, 12 were males and 7 were females, with a mean age of 58.1 years. Histopathlogical examination of needle biopsy specimens revealed that 10 of them were tubulopapillary. 3 undifferentiated. 1 signet ringoid cell, 1 small cell, 2 of low-grade malignant cystic cell and 2 of myofibroblastic cell types. 16 cases were positive by cytology smear but 3 negative. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the neoplastic cells of all cases were positive for keratin, vimentin, EMA, antimesothelial cell antigen and CI but negative for HCI. Conclusion The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum can be established by its clinical manifestation, combined with pathological, cytological, histochemical staining and immunohisitochemical staining of specimens obtained by ultrasound guided needle biopsy.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐HCG) and its free β‐subunit (fβ‐HCG) of adverse pregnancy .Methods Chemiluminescence technique was used for the detection of serum levels ofβ‐HCG ,fβ‐HCG and progesterone in women with early adverse pregnancy (threatened abortion group ,missed abortion group and ectopic pregnancy group) and normal pregnant women (control group) ,respectively .The 48 h doubling rate ofβ‐HCG of each group was calculated . And the results were analyzed .Results Comparing with threatened abortion group ,there were significant differences in the levels of β‐HCG ,fβ‐HCG ,progesterone and doubling rate both of missed abortion group and ectopic pregnancy group (P<0 .05) .How‐ever ,there was no difference in these indicators between missed abortion group and ectopic pregnancy group ( P> 0 .05 ) . Conclusion T he changes of β‐HCG and fβ‐HCG can reflect adverse pregnancy .

Objective To study the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of low-grade malignant cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum (LGMCMP). Methods 25 cases of LGMCMP were analyzed retrospectively on their clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings, therapeutic approach and prognosis were also studied. Results Of 25 cases, 18 were females and 7 were males with a mean age of 39.6 years (range 16-84 years). According to their imaging characteristics, symptoms and physical signs, three morphological patterns of these tumors were found, i.e. localized cystic mass, multiple cystic nodules and diffuse cystic nodules. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the neoplastic cells were positive for CK, Vimentin, EMA, and anti-mesothelial cell antigen. Histochemically, the tumors were positive for CI but negative for HCI. Electron microscopic study of 11 cases revealed that the neoplastic cells had profuse slender microvilli on cell surface, large amount of microfilaments (tono-filaments) and abundant desmosomes. Conclusion LGMCMP is an uncommon neoplasm of low-grade malignancy, generally occurring in young women with distinct clinicopathologic features.

To evaluating the imaging features and the pathological basis of low grade malignant cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum (LGMCMP). In 14 cases of LGMCMP, radiographic imaging (X ray, CT, and MRI) was reviewed, and diagnosis was established by pathology. The majority of the patients were middle aged women. The main symptoms were abdominal pain or discomfort. CT and MRI revealed solitary cystic masses in 3 of them, multiple cystic nodules in 5, and diffuse cystic nodules in 6. It is therefore concluded that X ray, CT, and MRI are helpful in revealing the characteristics of LGMCMP and confirm the diagnosis.

Objective To analys the clinicopathological features and pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the nasal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). Methods 12 cases of nasal neuroendo crine carcinomas were studied with clinical datas and light microscopic examination and electron microscopic and immunohistchemical staining. Results The majority of the patients were middleaged. The patient population was composed of 10 meles and 2 females(sex ratio,5:1) with average age 39 6 years. On pathological examination,8 of them were small cell type neuroendocrine carcinoma,3 large cell type neuroendocrine carcinoma and 1 atypical ueuroendocrine carcinoma. Electron microscopy of 8 cases showed abundant neuroendocrine granules in the tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that cells expressed EMA,CK,CgA,NSE and Syn Conclusions The key point for clinicopathological features of the NEC were discussed. Its differentila diagnosis includes malignant lymphoma, undifferentiatel carcinoma, malignant melanoma and olfactory neuroblastoma. Histological type of the tumor is important for clinical treatment plan and prognostic evaluation

BACKGROUND: Growth factor can promote the development of collateral vessels. The synergistic effects of multiple factors are obvious. Many kinds of growth factors are enriched in bone marrow serum. OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of bone marrow serum on angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membranes following vascular intimal injury. METHODS: A total of 70 fertilized chick eggs were incubated at (37.5±0.5) ℃ and made a window in every egg at day 7. The survival chick embryos were randomly divided into six groups: normal saline group, normal blood serum group, normal bone marrow serum group, blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group, bone marrow serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group and vascular endothelial growth factor group (n=10), which were respectively treated with 5 μL rabbit normal blood serum, 5 μL rabbit normal bone marrow serum, 5 μL blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury, 5 μL bone marrow serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury, 5 μL normal saline and 0.3 μg vascular endothelial growth factor in chick chorioallantoic membranes, for 3 consecutive days. Pictures were taken by a digital camera, and the total number of the vessels around the disc was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The total numbers of vessels in normal bone marrow serum group and blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group were obviously higher than that of normal blood serum group. Large and middle vessels were obviously proliferated. Large and middle vessels were more observed in the blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group. These indicated that normal bone marrow serum can stimulate angiogenesis in models of chick chorioallantoic membranes. Compared with vascular endothelial growth factor, both the normal bone serum and the bone marrow serum of rabbit suffered from vascular intimal injury were more effective in angiogenesis. The blood serum and bone marrow serum from vascular intimal injured rabbit at day 7 can significantly promote angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membranes, which was better than the vascular endothelial growth factor group.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the improved percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in elderly patients with mitral stenosis. Methods Elderly patients with severe mitral stenosis received an improved PBMV which included a modified way of atrial septal puncture and technique across the mitral valve. The left atrial pressrue (LAP), mean pulmonary pressure (MPA), mean gradient across the mitral value (MPG) and mitral valve area (MVA) were recorded and compared before and after the operation. Long term follow up were made. Results After operation, the LAP decreased [(25.3±6.7) mm Hg vs.(16.4±5.8) mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 Kpa], MPG decreased [(17.6±6.7) mm Hg vs.(6.8±2.9) mm Hg], MPA decreased [(38.6±12.1) mm Hg vs. (29.2±9.8) mm Hg], MVA increased [(1.05±0.22)cm2 vs.(1.61±0.38)cm2] and the New York heart association heart function classification improved. The follow-up result showed that the effect of PBMV was constant. Conclusions Improved PBMV may be an effective and safe measure for patients with mitral stenosis.

Objective To characterize the image morphology and time-intensity curve of renal cell cancer and angiomyolipoma on contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography. Methods A total of 57 patients with 58 renal masses were enrolled in this study prospectively. The renal masses included 47 renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and 11 angiomyolipomas (AML). All patients were evaluated by tradi-tional gray-scale sonography, color Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography. Imaging findings and time-intensity curves of all renal masses were analyzed. The contrast-enhance-ment features between RCC and AML were analyzed. Results 57.4% of RCCs were hyperechoic masses and peripheral surrounding vessels and / or penetrating vessels were noted in 83.0% of RCCs on color Doppler sonography. 54.5 % of AMLs were hyperechoic masses while peripheral surrounding vessels and / or penetrating vessels were only noted in 27.3% of AMLs on color Doppler sonography. On contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography, hyper- or iso-enhancement were noted in 83.0% of RCCs, while hypo-enhancement were noted in 81.8% of AMLs (P<0.01). Statistically significant differences were noted between RCC and AML in the values of peak time (P=0.03), wash time (p= 0.02), peak intensity-basic intensity (P=0. 01), AT/R (△A tumor/△A renal) (P=0.00), k (P= 0.02), and Aok (P=0.02). Conclusions Contrast-enhanced sonography is useful in the differentia-tion of renal masses. Most RCCs are hyper- or iso-enhanced while most AMLs are hypo-enhanced. Time-intensity curves are helpful in differentiating RCC and AML.