Objective: A method for the determination of gallic acid in the extract of Quercus salece- na Blume (Fagaceae) and its preparation (Urocalum Capsules) by means of RP-HPLC was established. Method: The hydrolysable tannins contained in the sample is hydrolyzed with hy- drochloric acid, the hydrolysis component-gallic acid is determined by HPLC using RP-C18 column, 0.005mol. L-1 of phosphoric acid-methanol (98: 2) as mobile phase , 270 nm as detec- tion wavelength. Result: The linear range of gallic acid is 0. 3～3. 1?g , r=0. 9999, the average recovery is 100. 4%. Conclusion: It is confirmed that the established method for assay of gallic acid meet the criteria of quantitative analysis of herbal medicine by validation of hydrolysis condition, repeatebility, stability and recovery, The method is simple , good reproducible and precise , and it can also be applied to analysis of other herbal medicine containing hydrolysable tannins.

TLC method for the identification of triterpenoids polyphenols in Fructus Chebulae was established .The results showed that this method had a plentiful chromatogram and good specificity,and can distinguish Fructus Chebulae immaturus from Fructus Chebulae.Determination of gallic acid, one of the hydrolysates of Fructus Chebulae, by HPLC was also reported.The linear range of gallic acid is from 0.17?g to 1.36?g(r=0.9998),and the average recovery is 102.9 %. The results showed that the method is simple, accurate and with good reproducibility.It can be used to determine gallic acid in Chinese herbal medicine that contains hydrolysable tannins.

Objective To reinvestigate the high performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)method for solving the problem of difficulty in separating between ginsenoside-Re and notoginsenoside-R1,and to establish a specific,fast and economic routine identification and quality assessment method for Notoginseng(San Qi).Methods Chromatographic conditions were as follows:stationary phase-precoated HPTLC silica gel 60 plate(20? 10 cm,Merck);developing solvent system:CH2Cl2-absolute ethanol-water(70 ∶ 45 ∶ 6.5);relative humidity:lower than 18 % ;temperature:10～ 25 ℃ ;derivative reagent:10 % H2SO4 ethanolic solution,heating at 105 ℃ for 3 min and observing the fluorescent chromatogram in a UV cabinet at 366 nm.Results The HPTLC fingerprint consisted of 10 fluorescent bands(peaks in the profile)including ginsenoside-Rb1,Rd,Re,Rg1 and notoginsenoside-R1,which presented the relative consistent ratio of the main peaks generated from the image of the chemical components distribution pattern through scanning by TLC scanner or computer-aided similarity evaluation(CASE)software.Conclusion Notoginsenoside-R1,the specific component of San Qi,is spotlighted in the HPTLC image and separated from ginenoside-Re,which indicates HPTLC method being simple,fast,and effective.The HPTLC fingerprints of 24 batches of samples from different locations(Wenshan of Yunnan,Xinyi of Guangdong)and markets,with different grades show the high chemical stabilities of this Dammarane-type saponins distribution.

The rat c-erbA? cDNA fragment was used as probe to investigate the expression of T3 receptor gene in brain, heart and kidney in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats. There were three types of c-erbA? mRNA-6. 0kb, -5. 0kb and -2. 0kb in all examined tissues. In heart and kidney, the levels of c-erbA? mRNA decreased in hyperthyroid rats and increased in hypothyroid rats. It might be a compensatory mechanism. In brain, however, the level of c-erbA? mRNA was unaffected by thyroid status. The results suggest that the T3 receptor gene may have an auto-regulatory mechanism in rat heart and kidney under different thyroid status.

Objective To study the correlation between the hope levels and medical coping modes of maintenance bemedialysis(MHD) patients.Methods 118 hemodialysis patients were sampled from a hospital in Fuzhou city in October,2007.A survey was conducted among these patients by questionnaires.And the col-lected data were analyzed with SPSSll.5.Results 98.3% of surveyed patients got a mediate or high-level in hope level.Compared to common patients,MHD patients got a higher score both in wriggly and subdued coping modes,and a lower score in facing mode.The choice of coping modes was affected by the hope levels of MHD patients.Conclusions Pafients with higher hope level tend to adopt wriggly and facing coping modes,while those with lower hope level generally take subdued coping mode.The nurses should help MHD patients seek supports from others in order to increase their hope level and promote them to adopt effective coping modes,in doing 80,it Can promote their mental healthy and improve their qu~ty of life.

Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride or doxofylline on respiratory mechanics during non-thoracotomy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods One hundred and thirty-five ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients with COPD, aged 55-86 yr, weighing 44-78 kg,scheduled for elective non-thoracotomy under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 45 each): control group (group C), penehyclidine hydrochloride group (group P) and doxofylline group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 4 μg/kg, propofol 1.5 rg/kg and cis-atracurium 0.2 mg/kg. The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. PETCO2 was maintained at 40 mm Hg. At 5 rin after tracheal intubation, penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group P, and doxofylline 4 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group D. The equal volume of normal saline was injected intravenously in group C. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 5 mg· kg- 1 · h- 1, eis-atracurium 0.2 mg· kg- 1 · h- 1, and intermittent iv boluses of fentsnyl. The auditory evoked potential index was maintained at 15-20 during operation. The peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure, lung compliance and airway resistance were recorded immediately before administration, and at 30, 45 and 60 rin after administration. Results Compared with group C, the peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure and airway resistance were significantly decreased, while the lung compliance was significantly increased at each time point after administration in groups P and D ( P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the parameters of respiratory mechanics at each time point between group P and group D ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Both intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride and doxofylline can improve respiratory mechanics during non-thoracotomy in patients with COPD.

Objective To investigate the effects of mechanicl ventilation with lower tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on pulmonary function during laparoscopic surgery in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Forty patients with COPD,aged 60-82 yr,with body mass index of 16-29 kg/m2,undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:conventional ventilation group (group Ⅰ) and mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volume and PEEP group (group Ⅱ).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,sufentanil,cisatracurium and propofol and maintained with iv infusion of propofol,cisawacurium and remifentanil.The patients were endotracheally ventilated and mechanically ventilated.In group Ⅰ,fresh gas flow was set at 2 L/min,VT at 10 ml/kg,and I∶E at 1∶2 during ventilation.In group Ⅱ,fresh gas flow was set at 2 L/min,VT at 6 ml/kg,I∶E at 1∶2 and PEEP at 6 cm H2O during ventilation.PErCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg in both groups.Airway peak pressure (Pp~),airway plateau pressure (Pplat),airway resistance (Raw) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were measured at 5 min after intubation (T1),45 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2),and 15 min after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T3).Arterial blood samples were obtained at T1,T2 and T3 for blood gas analysis.Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradiant (A-aDO2),oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2),respiratory index (RI) and physiologic dead space fraction (VD/VT) were calculated.The extubation time and development of complications were recorded within 48 h after operation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,Ppeak and Plat at T2 and Raw at T1,2 were significantly decreased,Cdyn at T2 and PaO2/FiO2 at T1-3 were significantly increased,RI,VD/VT and A-aDO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3,and the incidence of hyoxemia,atelectasis and rales was decreased within 48 h after operation in group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the extubation time between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volume (6 nl/kg) and PEEP (6 cm H2O) can improve the pulmonary function during laparoscopic surgery in patients with COPD.

Objective To evaluate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment on pulmonary function during mechanical ventilation in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing non-thoracotomy.Methods Sixty patients with COPD,aged 58-82 yr,weighing 45-76 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective non-thoracotomy under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups (n =20 each) using a random number table.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam,sufentanil,cisatracurium and propofol.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.At 30 min before endotracheal intubation,normal saline 5 ml (group Ⅰ),penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg (group Ⅱ) or penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.02 mg/kg (group Ⅲ) was injected intravenously.At 30,60 and 120 min of ventilation,airway peak pressure (Ppeak),airway plateau pressure (Pplat),airway resistance (Raw) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were recorded.At 120 min of ventilation,arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (OI),respiratory index (RI),physiologic dead space fraction (VD/VT) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) were calculated.At 30 min before ventilation and 120 min of ventilation,blood samples were drawn from the radial artery for determination of the serum concentrations of TNF-α,IL-8 and IL-10 by ELISA.The extubation time and pulmonary complications within 72 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,Ppeak,Pplat,Raw,RI,VD/VT and A-aDO2 were significantly decreased,Cdyn and OI were increased,the serum TNF-α,IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations and incidence of pulmonary complications were decreased,and no significant change was found in the extubation time in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.There were no significant differences in the parameters mentioned above between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ.Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment can reduce the inflammatory responses during mechanical ventilation,improve pulmonary function,and decrease postoperative pulmonary complications and is helpful for prognosis in the patients with COPD undergoing non-thoracotomy.

AIM:To study functions of pro-domain in tumor necrosis factor-? converting enzyme (TACE) maturation and to develop an approach to interfere with inflammation processes. METHODS: The plasmid pIRES2-EGFP was used to generate the expression plasmids constructed with the signal peptide and pro-domain, full length or without the pro-domain(designated as pIRES2-EGFP/T648, pIRES2-EGFP/T2472, pIRES2-EGFP/T57-T1824,respectively). The plasmids were used to transfect the U937 cells.After the transfected cells were stimulated by LPS, the effect of expression plasmids on TNF-? secretion was detected by ELISA and flow cytometry(FCM).RESULTS: The plasmid pIRES2-EGFP/T648 inhibited 61.09% TNF-? secretion and mediated the accumulation of TNF-? on the surface of U937 cells.The sTNF-? secretion and the level of the mTNF-? in the plasmid pIRES2-EGFP/T57-T1824 transfected cells had no significant deviation compared with the pIRES2-EGFP transfected cells. The sTNF-? secretion of the cells transfected by the plasmid pIRES2-EGFP/T2472 increased and the level of the mTNF-? decreased.CONCLUSION: The pro-domain has dual effects in TACE maturation and might be applied to molecular design of anti-inflammation drug.

【Objective】To observe the hemorrheological changes in lacunar cerebral infarction(LCI) patients with arteriopathy of middle and small arteries.【Methods】The hemorrheological changes of cerebral arteries in 85 LCI patients without arteriopathy of large artery confirmed by cervical vessels color ultrasonography and magnetic resonance image(MRI)were observed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography(TCD).The correlation of the hemorrheological changes with age and blood pressure(BP) of arteries was investigated.The above indexes were compared with those in 25 healthy volunteers confirmed by encephalography in the same age group.【Results】The mean blood flow rates of cerebral middle,anterior and posterior artery in LCI patients were(62.09?16.90)cm?s~(-1),(50.42?13.11)(cm?s~(-1),)and(32.33?7.55)cm?s~(-1) respectively,lower than(69.65?19.20)cm?s~(-1),(57.75?16.75)cm?s~(-1),and(38.75?8.81)cm?s~(1) respectively in the healthy volunteers(P0.05).【Conclusion】The arteriopathy of small artery in LCI patients can cause the mild decrease of blood flow rate and the increase of pulsating index.There exists a correlation of pulsating index with age and arterial blood pressure.