Hospitals are currently confronted with many problems, including distribution according to the division of administrative areas and jurisdiction; construction with complete sets of facilities on the part of all hospitals,big or small; and worsening of the unbalanced allocation of health resources due to the to assumption by big hospitals of many tasks of bssic-level hospitals. Besides, the excessively speedy incresse of expenses for outpatient and inpatient services as a result of hospitals' introduction of high technologies has inhibited some people's demands for medical services and competition among hospitals will become particularly fierce. Thus, ways out for hospitals lie in clarifion of their respective functions and development according to regional planning; regrouping of health resources by the government through measures of shutting down,stopping down, sopping production, merging, changing products or moving to other sites; structural readjustment and implementation of the system of responsibility by hospital directors within hospitals;bringing into play the initiatives of middle-level cadres; establishment of a scientific mechanism for personnel employmennt and selection; giving priority to efficiency and consideration to fairness in distribution; improvement of service quality; and making a good job of rational charging.

Objective To investigate human papilloma virus(HPV) infection in normal endometrium, atypi-cal hyperplasia of endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. Methods By the nucleic acid hybridization,we detected 28 pairs of endometrial carcinomas, 21 pairs of atypical hyperplasia of endometrium. Normal endometrium from 16 pa-tients with uterine myomas were as control. Results HPV16/18 DNA was detected in 25 endometrial carcinoma and 2 atypical hyperplasia of endometrium and 1 normal endometrium. Conclusions Endometrial carcinoma HPV16/18 DNA were significantly higher than those infected with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and normal endometrium. Note the occurrence of endometrial cancer,the development may be associated with HPV infection.

Objective To investigate apoptosis and bcl-2 expression of dust cells in human bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and murine peritoneal macrophages treated with carbon particles and study the relation of apoptosis of dust-laden macrophages and structural changes of the lymph nodes. Methods Distribution of dust particles, apoptotic cells and structural changes of the lymph nodes were viewed on paraffin sections and ultrathin sections. Apoptosis and bcl-2 expression of dust cells in human bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and macrophages treated with carbon particles were observed with TUNEL staining and bcl-2 antibody labeling. Results In the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes of the adult group, dust particles were deposited significantly in macrophages, the lymphatic tissue decreased, collagen fibres and density of blood vessels increased. In ultrathin section, the nucleus condensed and contained vacuoles. There were TUNEL-positive cells and bcl-2 labeling positive cells in dust cells of the lymph nodes and macrophages 24*!h after phagocytizing carbon particles. Bcl-2 was expressed strongly in the active macrophages decomposing dust particles or carbon particles. Conclusion Deposition of dust particles induces apoptosis and overexpression of antiapoptotic gene bcl-2 of macrophages in human bronchopulmonary lymph nodes. Structural changes of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes in adult may relate to apoptosis of dust-laden macrophages.

Objective To examine location of hyaluronan(HA) in macrophages and effects of HA on adhesion and migration of macrophages and explore regulating mechanism of HA. Methods HA of macrophages was labeled with aggrecan.Location of intracellular and extracellular HA of the cells was viewed using optic microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope.Effects of HA on adhesion and migration of macrophages were examined by adhesion assay and migration assay. Results Macrophage synthesized HA.HA located mainly on the membrane and in premeter and perinuclear area of the quiescent cells.In the moving cells,most of intracellular HA located in pseudopodia,tail and perinuclear area.HA was rich on the surface of the pseudopodia and tail of the cells.HA on the surface of macrophages and HA substratum increased cell adhesion and migration,addition of free HA into the medium decreased cell adhesion.Conclusion There are characteristics of HA distribution in macrophages.HA synthesized by macrophages and HA substratum promoted adhesion and migration of macrophage,while free HA reduces cell adhesion.

Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine with the genotype distribution of MTHFR and MTRR among Chinese Han women in Xiangtan. Methods MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G geno?typing was analyzed to detect the distribution of gene polymorphisms among 1 701 women from Xiangtan city then the data were compared with the rest of the Han women in Zibo, Zhengzhou, Yantai, Zhenjiang, Songzi, Huizhou, Qionghai. Plasma Hcy levels from 110 patients were measured and analyzed the correlation with gene polymorphisms. Results The frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 12.6%which is higher than Huizhou (10.9%) and Qionghai (6.1%) but lower than Zibo (43.6%), Zhengzhou (36.8%), Yantai (32.2%), Zhenjiang (21.8%) with statistically significant dif?ference (P<0.05). There is no significant different in MTHFR C677T between Xiangtan and Songzi. The frequency of MTH?FR A1298C genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 4.8%which is lower than Qionghai(7.1%)but higher than Zibo (1.4%),Zhengzhou(2.4%), Yantai(1.8%), Zhenjiang(3.5%)and Songzi(2.6%)with statistically significant difference. The frenquency of MTRR A66G genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 6.8%which is higher than Zibo (4.8%) but lower than Qionghai (9.3%) with statistically signifcant difference. Plasma Hcy concentration correlate with MTHFR C677T, Hcy concentration in TT population is higher than that in CT and CC population(μmol/L:8.52±2.01 vs 5.94±1.47 vs 5.71± 0.18);Plasma Hcy concentration also correlate with MTHFR A1298C and Hcy concentration in CC population is higher than AA and AC population(μmol/L:9.83 ± 2.26 vs 6.35 ± 2.13 vs 5.55 ± 1.75);Plasma Hcy concentration does not correlate with MTRR A66G. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G among the Han women in Xiangtan was statistically different from other selected regions of China. Mutation in MTHFR C 677T and A1298C were associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy.

Three fresh lungs removed from three male adult dogs were injected with ABS. This material was injected into each lobe of the lung through the pulmonary artery and bronchus simultaneously. The pressure was maintained between 200～280 mmHg. The injected specimens were digested in 20～50％ HCl and peptic solutions for 7～10 days. A part of the cast replicas of the lungs was taken off and gilded with EIKO IB-3. Under SEM (HITACHIS～450) the specimens thus prepared were observed. The chief findings were as follows:Scanning electron micrographs of the injected vascular system presented a clear, three-dimensional picture of extensive capillary networks around the individual alveoli. In the septa between alveoli the capillary networks appeared to be a single layer. These networks looked like pentagonal or hexagonal rings; the meshes in between them were smaller than the vessels themselves.The capillaries observed here in the scanning stereopicture belonged to the category of the alvioli cappilary of the subpleura; the meshes of which were larger than those of other parts.Because the numerous alveoli and capillary networks surrounding the alveoli were filled with the ABS, the position and the shape of the capillary networks can be seen very clearly.The lumen of the alveoli were polyhedron in shape, various in sizes and smooth in contour. Many imprints of the alveolar type Ⅱ cell nuclei existed on the surface. The bridge formation between alveoli were really interalveolar pores; their number and diameter varied. The function of the interalveolar pores was briefly considered in this paper.

The architecture of the alveolus and its capillaries of human lung injected withsolution of ABS in methyl ethyl ketone was studied under the SEM.The results wereoutlined as follows:1.The alveolar casts were observed from the subpleural and intralobular septu-lar surfaces.The human alveolus is irregular polygon in appearance.The size ofthe alveolus is variable,its surface is smooth,there are many depressions of the topof type Ⅱ cells.The bridge-like structure between two adjacent alveoli are thecasts of the alveolar pores.They are variable both in size and number,and ofround or oval shapes with smooth surface.2.Capillaries of the subpleural space and interlobular septulum are transitional,and identical in appearance.Meshes of the capillary network are larger than thoseof other parts,but more closer in density compared with those in dog.Each capil-lary is branched from the metaarteriole.3.Capillaries in the alveolar septum is a single layer of dense network,theirdiameter are larger than those of the mesh hole.They originate mainly from thecapillaries of subpleural space and interlobular septulum.

According to the alanine aminotransferase (ALT)level, 4 509 patients were assigned into group A (n=449, with raised ALT)and group B (n=4 060, normal ALT). Between the patients of group A and B, differences existed in age [(48.5 ± 11.3 vs 55.7 ± 11.4) years, P＜0.01], duration of diabetes [( 36.8 ±45.0 vs 56.2±58.8 ) months, P＜0. 01], body mass index[BMI, (27.7±3.9 vs 25.8±3.4) kg/m2, P＜0.01], waist-tohip ratio (0.95±0.06 vs 0. 93±0.07, P＜0. 01 ), diastolic blood pressure [( 78± 10 vs 75± 10) mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa, P＜0. 01], fasting blood glucose [(9.04±2.91 vs 8.63 ±3.05 ) mmol/L, P = 0. 008], 2 h blood glucose after meal[( 13.85±4.67 vs 13.07 ± 4. 92 ) mmol/L, P=0. 002], HbA1c(8. 11% ± 1.82% vs 7.74% ±1.96%, P＜0. 01 ), fasting serum insulin[( 10.59±7.31 vs 7.97±7.18) mU/L, P＜0. 01], postprandial insulin [(48.96±43.80 vs 35.25 ±32.37 ) mU/L, P＜0. 01], homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR, 4.11±-2.85 vs 3.00 ± 2.92, P＜ 0. 01 )、 triglycerides [( 2.77 ± 2.50 vs 2. 19 ± 2.99 ) mmol/L, P＜0. 01], and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C, ( 1.20 ± 0. 30 vs 1.29 ± 0. 83 ) mmol/L, P = 0. 01].Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1C, postprandial insulin, and HOMA-IR, uric acid and urinary albumin were positively, and HDL-C negatively related with the ALT level. It suggests that raised ALT seems to be an index related to the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance, and earlier onset of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore the quality of life of patients with lung cancer undergoing radioactive particle implantation and its nursing intervention.Methods A total of 70 lung cancer with radioactive particle in our department were as the research objects,their life quality were compared by life quality scale (EORTCQLQ-30) before and after 12 weeks of the treatment.Results The overall response rate was 40％ after 12 weeks of treatment.And the scores of insomnia,anorexia,drowsiness,pain,dyspnea,social function and emotion in the EORTCQLQ-30 score scale after 12 weeks were lower than treatment before (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Radioactive particle implantation for the treatment of lung cancer patients can reduce the lesion,alleviate the clinical symptoms,but complications such as pain,dyspnea,insomnia,drowsiness and other symptoms may reduce quality life of patients.Herein,nursing intervention should be given to these adverse reactions to ensure the curative effect and improve life quality.

Objective To explore the quality of life of patients with lung cancer undergoing radioactive particle implantation and its nursing intervention.Methods A total of 70 lung cancer with radioactive particle in our department were as the research objects,their life quality were compared by life quality scale (EORTCQLQ-30) before and after 12 weeks of the treatment.Results The overall response rate was 40％ after 12 weeks of treatment.And the scores of insomnia,anorexia,drowsiness,pain,dyspnea,social function and emotion in the EORTCQLQ-30 score scale after 12 weeks were lower than treatment before (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Radioactive particle implantation for the treatment of lung cancer patients can reduce the lesion,alleviate the clinical symptoms,but complications such as pain,dyspnea,insomnia,drowsiness and other symptoms may reduce quality life of patients.Herein,nursing intervention should be given to these adverse reactions to ensure the curative effect and improve life quality.