Objective To explore the relationship between N-acetyltransferase-2(NAT2)alleles polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Polymerase chain reaction and sequence determination technique were used to identify NAT2 alleles in 174 patients with T2DM(T2DM group)and 174 unrelated healthy individuals(control group).Results Compared with control group,the allelic frequency of NAT2 mutation was no significant difference in T21DM group(x2=7.38,P＞0.05).The frequencies of the NAT2 genotypes(Wt/Wt,Wt/M1,Wt/M2,Wt/M3,M1/M1,M1/M2,M1/M3,M2/M2,M2/M3,M3/M3)were 39.08％(68/174),3.45％(6/174),22.99％(40/174),14.94％(26/174),0.57％(1/174),2.30％(4/174),1.15％(2/174),4.60％(8/174),9.20％(16/174),1.72％(3/174)and 44.83％(78/174),2.60％(8/174),27.59％(48/174),17.24％(30/174),0.57％(1/174),0.57％(1/174),0.57％(1/174),1.15％(21174),2.30％(4/174),0.57％(1/174)respectively,and significant differences showed between T2DM group and control group(x2=13.92,P＜0.01).The proportion of fast acetylate in T2DM group was significantly higher than that in control group[94.25％(164/174)vs.80.46％(140/174)],and the propoaion of slow acetylate in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in control group[5.75％(10/174)vs.19.54％(34/174)](P＜0.05),The risk of T2DM in people who were fast acetylate had 3.98 times(95％ CI:1.90-8.35)more than that in people who were slow acetylate.Conclusion It shows that the fast acetylate may be one of the genetic factors that influencing the susceptibility to T2DM,and slow acetylate may be one of the protecting factors.

AIM To study the effect of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis on serum IL-1? and TNF-? level of rheumatoid arthritis rats, as well as its mechanism. METHODS An experimental type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritic rats was established. The inhibitory effects on paw edema were observed, and serum IL-1? and TNF-? levels were determined in experimental rats. RESULTS Compared with models, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis inhibited paw edema on rats significantly, and the levels of serum IL-1? and TNF-? showed markedly decrease by Gardenia jasminoides Ellis at high dose to medium dose( P

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L - carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi - starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi - starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L - carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg· bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free camitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi - starved rats. The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyhransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi - starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi - starved rats fed on high fat diet.

Objective:[WT5BZ]To explore the molecular mechanism of protection of zinc against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury(HIRI). [WT5HZ]Methods:[WT5BZ]The expression of hepatic metallothionein 1(MT 1)gene and regulation by zinc were determined by RT PCR(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction)in HIRI rats. [WT5HZ]Results:[WT5BZ]1.Hepatic MT 1 mRNA was expressed in all groups;2.The level of hepatic MT 1 mRNA in HIRI group(ischemia 30 min,reperfusion 90 min)was significantly lower than control.After zinc supplementation,the content of hepatic MT 1 mRNA was increased significantly;3.The hepatic MT 1 expression was also enhanced by zinc in normal rats. [WT5HZ]Conclusion:[WT5BZ]The results of our studies suggest that the regulation of hepatic MT 1 genes by zinc is one of the main ways contributed to the mechanism of protection by zinc in HIRI.

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg?bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate(TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.

Objective: To investigate the breakfast consumption of middle school students and to analyze its relationship with physical fitness, so as to provide reference for improving physical fitness of middle school students. Methods: A total of 2 732 middle school students from Shangrao City were selected in September 2021 by random cluster stratified sampling. The breakfast consumption behaviors of middle school students were investigated by questionnaire, and the general information, family information and other lifestyle behaviors were collected. The physical fitness test includes grip strength, standing long jump, 1 minute sit up, sit forward bend, 50 m run and 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SRT) to evaluate the strength, flexibility, speed and endurance of middle school students. χ 2 tests were used to compare the correlation between different demographic characteristics, breakfast behavior and physical fitness,and Logistic regression analysis was used to infer the correlation strength between breakfast behavior and physical fitness. Results: The detection rate of physical fitness failure among middle school students was 21.5%. There were statistically significant differences between breakfast frequency and grip strength and 20 m SRT( χ 2=8.27, 13.90, P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis results showed that 20 m SRT was positively correlated with breakfast frequency (sometimes eat breakfast, OR =1.51, skip or occasionally eat breakfast OR =2.08, P <0.05). Conclusion The low frequency of breakfast consumption of middle school students is associated with low performance on 20 m SRT. Schools and families should pay attention to the breakfast consumption of middle school students to ensure adequate daily nutrition intake.

Objective: To explore the role of TLR 9 in intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) through blood pathway and placenta. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was carried out in 290 HBsAg positive parturients and 45 normal parturients (control group) in Northwest Women and Children Hospital of Shaanxi Province. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect five serological makers of hepatitis B and TLR 9 levels in peripheral blood of pregnant women and newborns. HBV DNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Detection of TLR 9 expression in placenta by immunohistochemical method. A case-control study was conducted to analyze the difference of TLR 9 levels in placenta and peripheral blood of HBsAg- positive pregnant women with intrauterine transmission of HBV. Results: The incidence of dominant HBV infection (DBI), occult HBV infection (OBI) and intrauterine transmission of HBV were 9.28% (27/291), 40.21% (117/291) and 49.48% (144/291) respectively. (1) The level of TLR 9 in peripheral blood of HBsAg-positive parturients, non-HBV intrauterine transmission (NBIT) group and OBI group were significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.001). The level of TLR 9 in DBI group was significantly higher than those in NBIT group and OBI group (P=0.000). (2) The TLR 9 level in HBeAg-negative group was significantly lower than that in HBeAg-positive parturients in OBI group (P=0.01). (3) With the increased severity of intrauterine transmission of HBV in each HBV DNA load group, the TLR 9 level in maternal peripheral blood increased significantly (P<0.05). (4) With the increased severity of intrauterine transmission of HBV, the levels of TLR 9 increased significantly in antiviral therapy, immunoglobulin injection and non-hepatitis B vaccine groups (P<0.05). (5) The expression of TLR 9 in placenta tissues with DBI group was significantly higher than that in OBI group and NBIT group (P<0.05). Conclusions HBV can inhibit the secretion of TLR 9 in parturient to some extent, but HBeAg can stimulate the secretion of TLR 9. However, with the increased severity of intrauterine transmission of HBV, the level of TLR 9 in parturients is increased by intra-group cross-differentiation. Therefore, TLR 9 is not an independent marker for screening and grouping, but it can be used as an reference indicator for the monitoring and management of HBsAg-positive parturients.

Objective: To investigate the expression of IL-18 in peripheral blood of HBsAg positive parturients in intrauterine transmission of HBV. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 282 HBsAg positive parturients and 43 health parturients (control group) in Northwest Women and Children Hospital of Shaanxi Province. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect five serological makers of hepatitis B, real time PCR was used to detect HBV DNA, and flow liquid chip method was used to detect IL-18 levels in peripheral blood of parturients and newborns. Results: The incidence of dominant HBV infection (DBI), occult HBV infection (OBI) and intrauterine transmission of HBV were 8.42% (24/285), 40.00% (114/285) and 48.42% (138/285), respectively. The level of IL-18 in peripheral blood of HBsAg-negative parturients were significantly lower than those of HBsAg-positive parturients (P=0.001), non-HBV intrauterine transmission (NBIT) group (P=0.001) and OBI group (P<0.001). The level of IL-18 in HBeAg negative group was significantly lower than that in HBeAg positive group (P=0.023). When HBV DNA load was ≥10³ copies/ml, the level of IL-18 was significantly higher than that in HBsAg-negative group (P<0.01). With the increase of HBV DNA load in maternal blood, the level of IL-18 increased (P=0.024). When HBV DNA load was 10³-10⁶ copies/ml, the level of IL-18 in DBI group was significantly lower than that in NBIT group (P=0.022), and increased with the increase of HBV DNA load in maternal blood (P=0.016). With the increased severity of intrauterine transmission of HBV, the level of IL-18 in non-hepatitis B vaccine group decreased significantly (P=0.044). The level of IL-18 in non-hepatitis B vaccine group and immunoglobulin injection group was significantly higher than that in NBIT group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the linear relationship between maternal HBeAg status and maternal IL-18 levels had statistical significance (P=0.01). Conclusions IL-18 is a higher level balance regulator of Th1/Th2 immune network. Monitoring the level of IL-18 in HBsAg-positive parturients can be used not only for predicting the probability of DBI and OBI, but also as an intervention mean, especially for those who are HBeAg-positive and had HBV DNA load ≥10³ copies/ml, to improve maternal cellular immune function, which is conducive to interrupting intrauterine transmission and providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HBV intrauterine transmission.

Objective: To investigate the influence of IFN-γ and IL-12 levels in prenatal peripheral blood of HBsAg-positive parturients on intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 282 HBsAg positive parturients and 43 health parturients (control group) in Northwest Women and Children Hospital of Shaanxi Province. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect five serological makers of hepatitis B in peripheral blood of parturients. HBV DNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Detection of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 levels were conducted with liquid chip-based flow cytometry method. The serum levels of five serological markers of hepatitis B and HBV DNA in 285 newborns were detected within 24 hours after birth. Results: The incidence of intrauterine dominant infection (DBI), occult infection (OBI) and intrauterine transmission of HBV in HBsAg positive parturients were 7.37% (21/285), 40.70% (116/285) and 48.07% (137/285), respectively. The level of IFN-γ in peripheral blood of HBsAg-negative parturients was significantly lower than those of HBsAg-positive parturients (t=-2.55, P=0.011), NBIT group (t=-2.54, P=0.012) and OBI group (t=-2.33, P=0.021). In HBV DNA load of 10³-10⁶ copies/ml group, the levels of IFN-γ in the DBI group were significantly lower than those in OBI group and NBIT group (P<0.01). The level of IFN-γ in maternal peripheral blood decreased significantly with the increased severity of intrauterine transmission of HBV (χ²=6.40, P=0.041). In the antiviral treatment group, the level of IL-12 in maternal peripheral blood decreased significantly with the increased severity of intrauterine transmission of HBV (χ²=8.90, P=0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant linear relationship between maternal IFN-γ level and maternal age, placenta previa and hepatitis B vaccine injection (P<0.05). The linear relationship between the level of maternal IL-12 and the mode of rupture and hepatitis B vaccine injection had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions HBV can stimulate the expression of IFN-γ and inhibit the secretion of IL-12 in pregnant and lying-in women, but the expression of IFN-γ in HBsAg-positive parturients showed intra-group differentiation, and the maternal level of IFN-γ will decrease in HBeAg-positive and high-HBV DNA loadstatus. Increasing the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 in HBsAg-positive parturients is beneficial to block intrauterine transmission of HBV, especially DBI.