AIM:To investigate the role of Shengmai Powder (Radix Ginseng, Radix Ophiopogonis and Fructus schisandrae) (SMP) in treatmen of hemorrhagic shock in rabbits. METHODS: The concentrations of endothelin (ET), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ? endorphin (? EP) and nitric oxide (NO), the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in plasma were respectively tested by different biochemical assays in hemorrhagic shock in rabbits. RESULTS: SMP could obviously decrease the ET,TNF,NO level and NOS activity ( P

Objective To investigate the sedative effects and the adverse reactions in the elderly patients received different speed of dexmedetomidine (Dex) intravenous infusion. Methods Eighty elderly cases were randomly divided into four groups. Group D0 was the control group, while the group D1, D2 and D3 were the trial groups. The heart rates, blood pressure, SpO2, Ramsay sedation score and Narcotrend value were recorded. Results The sedation onset time of the D2, D3 group was faster than those in the D0 and D1 groups (P <0.05, respectively), and the duration of sedation in groups D2 and D3 were significantly longer than that in the D0 and D1 groups (P < 0.05). Among the four groups, no significant differences in the incidence of hypotension or bradycardia needed vasopressors or atropine to treat and oxygen saturation were shown (P > 0.05). Conclusion Intravenous infusion of Dex by doses of 0.75 ~ 1.0 μg/(kg·h) during hip surgery in the elderly patients under spinal anesthesia could lead to a safe and effective sedation.

To investigate if ginkgo biloba extract (Egb-761) can improve tardive dyskinesia (TD) symptoms through increasing the activity of plasma MnSOD. Methods We enrolled a total of 384 schizophrenia patients including 157 TD patients and 227 non-TD patients, as well as 280 normal subjects. The difference of MnSOD level in plasma among these groups were compared. TD patients were then randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (n=77) and the placebo group (n=75) were treated with 240 mg of Egb-761 or placebo per day for 12 weeks, respectively. The abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) and the positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) were used to evaluate the severity of the symptoms in baseline, the sixth week and the twelfth week after treatment. The level of MnSOD activity in plasma was also detected before and after the treatment. Results The level of MnSOD activity was lower in schizophrenia groups than in healthy control group (P＜0.01). In addition, the level of MnSOD activity was significantly lower in TD group than in non-TD group (P＜0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that group effect (F=4.00, P=0.05), time effect (F=32.17, P＜0.01) and interactive effect of group and time (F=39.04, P＜0.01) were significant in AIMS total score. The AIMS total score of treatment group was significantly lower than that of placebo group at 6-week and 12-week time points (all P＜0.01). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that time effect (F=23.04, P＜0.01) and interactive effect of group and time (F=6.41, P＜0.05) were significant in the level of MnSOD activity. In addition, the level of MnSOD at baseline was significantly correlated with the reduction of AIMS total score during the treatment period (r=0.27, P=0.018). Conclusion Treatment of Egb-761 can improve symptoms of TD and activity of MnSOD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) on the retinal microglia polarization in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) rats and explore its mechanism via nucleotide-bound oligomeric domain 1 (NOD1)/receptor interacting protein 2 (Rip2) pathway.Methods:Healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham ( n=21), RIRI ( n=21) and NAS (injected intraperitoneally 30 min before and after modeling with NAS, 10 mg/kg, n=18) groups, using random number table. And the right eye was used experimental eye. The RIRI model of rats in RIRI group and NAS group was established by anterior chamber high intraocular pressure method. Rats in NAS group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg NAS before and 30 min after modeling, respectively. The retinal morphology and the number of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in each group were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. The effect of NAS on polarization of retinal microglia was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes between Sham and RIRI groups. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to examine the differentially expressed genes. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and RT-PCR were used to investigate the effect of NAS on the expression of NOD1 and Rip2 protein and mRNA in retinal tissue and microglia of rats. General linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the number difference of NOD1 + cells and the number difference of M1 and M2 microglia in retinal tissues of rats in NAS group and RIRI group. Results:A large number of RGC were observed in the retina of rats in Sham group. 24 h after modeling, compared with Sham group, the inner retinal thickness of rats in RIRI group was significantly increased and the number of RGC was significantly decreased. The thickness of inner retina in NAS group was significantly thinner and the number of RGC was significantly increased. Compared with Sham group, the number of retinal microglia of M1 and M2 in RIRI group was significantly increased. Compared with RIRI group, the number of M1 microglia decreased significantly and the number of M2 microglia increased significantly in NAS group. There was statistical significance in the number of M1 and M2 microglia in the retina of the three groups ( P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing results showed that retinal NOD1 and Rip2 were important differential genes 24 h after modeling. The mRNA and protein relative expressions of NOD1 and Rip2 in retina of RIRI group were significantly higher than those of Sham group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The number of NOD1 + and Rip2 + cells and the relative expression of mRNA and protein in retinal microglia in RIRI group were significantly higher than those in Sham group, and NAS group was also significantly higher than that in Sham group, but lower than that in RIRI group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The number of Iba-1 +/NOD1 + and Iba-1 +/Rip2 + cells in retinal microglia in RIRI group was significantly increased compared with that in Sham group, and the number of Iba-1 +/Rip2 + cells in NAS group was significantly decreased compared with that in RIRI group, but still significantly higher than that in Sham group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that the difference of retinal NOD1 + and Rip2 + cells in NAS group and RIRI group was positively correlated with that of M1 microglia ( r=0.851, 0.895), and negatively correlated with that of M2 microglia ( r=-0.797, -0.819). The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:NAS can regulate the microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype, the mechanism is correlated with the NOD1/Rip2 pathway.

OBJECTIVE：To stud y the effects of different processed products of Whitmania pigra on hemorheology and coagulation indexes in acute blood stasis model rats. METHODS ：SD rats were randomly divided into blank group ，model group ， aspirin group ，W. pigra hang-dried product low- ，medium- and high-dose groups ，W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product low- ， medium- and high-dose groups ，W. pigra wine bran-processed product low- ，medium- and high-dose groups ，with 6 rats in each group. Except for blank group ，other groups received subcutaneous injection of epinephrine hydrochloride and ice water bath for 15 d to induce acute blood stasis model. From the 8th day of modeling ，rats in aspirin group were given aspirin 0.2 g/kg intragastrically. Rats in each dose group of W. pigra processed products were given relevant medicine 0.35，1.4，3.5 g/kg intragastrically（calculated by crude drug ）. Rats in blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day ， for consecutive 8 days. Hemorheology indexes as whole blood viscosity （high， medium and low shearrate ），plasma viscosity ，erythrocyte com deformation index ，erythrocyte aggregation index ，hematocrit， and blood coagulation indexes as prothrombin time （PT）， mail：wcl19960125@163.com activated partial prothrombin time （APTT），thrombin time （TT）were determined. RESU LTS：Compared with blank group ，whole blood viscosity under different shear rates ，plasma viscosity ， erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit of model group were increased significantly ，while erythrocyte deformation index was significantly decreased ，PT，TT and APTT were significantly shortened （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，whole blood viscosity under different shear rates ，plasma viscosity ，erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit of aspirin group and W. pigra hang-dried product ，talcum powder-ironed product ，wine bran-processed product high-dose groups were decreased significantly ， while erythrocyte deformation index were significantly increased ，and PT （only W. pigra talcum powder-ironed products high-dose group），APTT（except for W. pigra hang-dried products high-dose group ）and TT were prolonged significantly. The whole blood viscosity of W. pigra hang-dried product medium-dose group under low shear rate ，and those of W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product low-dose ，wine bran-processed product medium-dose groups under low and medium shear rates were decreased significantly. Erythrocyte deformation index of W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product medium-dose group was increased significantly ，while erythrocyte aggregation index was decreased significantly ，and PT ，TT were prolonged significantly. APTT of W. pigra hang-dried product medium-dose group was prolonged significantly. Hematocrit of W. pigra wine bran-processed product low-dose group was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ： W. pigra hang-dried， talcum powder-ironed and wine bran-processed product can effectively improve hemorheology indexes and prolong blood coagulation time.