Objective　To evaluate the safety of biopsy of the prostate guided by transrectal ultrasound.Methods　Three hundred and seventeen patients suspected to have prostate cancer were examined and 208 patients were followed up.Results　One hundred and eighty-one patients followed up did not feel severe pain during the biopsy of the prostate. Clinical manifestations induded 12 cases of hematuria,4 dases of hematospermia,1 case of fever, 2 cases of pollakisuria and urodymia,2 cases of uroschesis,which disappeared after corresponding treatment.Conclusions　Biopsies of the prostate guided by transrectal ultrasound is advantageous in diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; adverse effects ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; etiology ; therapy ; Ovary ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of ultrarapid opiate detoxification during general anesthesia on the plasma morphine concentration and brain ?-endorphin content in rats addicted to morphine. Methods Ninety male Wistar rats aged 12-15 weeks weighing 180-220 g were randomized into 6 groups: group I normal animal ( n = 5); group II morphine addiction ( n = 5); group III natural withdrawal ( n = 20); group IV general anesthesia ( n = 20); group V general anesthesia + naloxone ( n = 20) and group VI clonidine pretreatment ( n = 20). Morphine addiction was induced by subcutaneous injection of increasing doses of morphine sulphate for 5 days (5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 mg? kg-1 t.i.d. ? 5 days) . Morphine detoxification was started on the 6th day. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with ?-OH and midazolam i.m. supplemented with intermittent isoflurane inhalation to maintain loss of righting reflex. Spontaneous breathing was kept during general anesthesia. In group V naloxone 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg was injected subcutaneously at 5, 30 and 60 min after loss of righting reflex. Successful detoxification was defined as no withdrawal symptoms after subcutaneous injection of naloxone 0.1 mg. In group VI clonidine 0.05 mg ? kg-1 was given i. v. 1 hour before induction of anesthesia. Blood samples and brain tissue were obtained before detoxification in group I (normal animal) and II (morphine addiction) while in the other 4 groups they were obtained immediately and 1,2,3 day after detoxification.Results The plasma morphine concentration was 224 ? 164 ng?ml-1 in group II (morphine addiction), significantly higher than in all the detoxification groups ( P V ) (P

Objective: To investigate alteration and cross link of the aortic intima and platelet endogenous L-Arg/NOS/NO pathway induced by water immersion restraint (WIR) stress. Methods: After 7 h of WIR stress, the aortic intima was isolated and prepared the platelet, then NO_2- production released from aortic intima and platelet was measured with Greiss regent, NOS activity and L-arginine transport activity were detected by isotope tracer method. Results: After 7 h of WIR stress, the levels of NO_2- from platelet and aortic intima obviously decreased by 57% and 46% respectively as comparied with the control rats (P

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is established based on the information of existing human or other animal anatomy, knowledge of physiology and biochemical data. The model uses mathematical methods to simulate chemicals′process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the body, in order to achieve the dose and interspecific extrapolation and to predict the chemical level in the specific organ at the specific time. In studies on toxicology of nanomaterials, the PBPK models in the silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polymer nanomaterials are gradually established. PBPK modeling can not only provide information on the dynamic change of nanomaterials in the body, but is of great significance for to quantitative evaluation of biological safety of nanomaterials. PBPK modeling will be a hot spot for research in the field of nanotoxicology.

The nurse's multiple-sites practice is currently being implemented,but there are debates regarding advantages and disadvantages.This review analyzed the background and advantages of the nurse's multiple-sites practice,and its main obstacles encountered in China,and put forward our opinions and suggestions about nurse's multiple-sites practice connecting with the practical situation.

Objective To investigate the effect of irrigation with hypothermic artificial cerebral-spinal fluid (aCSF)on expression of aquaporin-4(AQP-4) in the spinal cord following spinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rabbits.Methods Fifty-four adult male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each):group sham operation(S group); group I/R and group irrigation with hypothermic aCSF (FI group). Spinal I/R was induced by clamping the abdominal aorta below renal artery for 60 min. Hypothermic aCSF(25 X.)was infused at L4,5 interspace at a rate of 30 ml/h and drained from L7,8 interspace during spinal ischemia.Neurological function was evaluated at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h of reperfusion and scored (0=no hind limb activity, 4=hind limb function completely recovered) in 6 animals in each group. Six animals were sacrificed at 4, 24 and 72 h respectively in each group.The lumbar segment (L5-8) was removed for measurement of water content and AQP-4 protein expression (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Neurological function scores were significantly lower,water content was higher and AQP-4 expression smaller in group I/R than in group S. I/R-induced effects were significantly attenuated by irrigation of hypothermic aCSF. Conclusion Irrigation with hypothermic aCSF can ameliorate the spinal cord I/R injuries by up-regulation of AQP-4 expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of water-immersion restraint stress(WRS) on nitric oxide(NO) production and its mechanism in rat platelets.Methods Male SD rats underwent WIR stress for 2,4 and 8 hours.Ulcer index(UI) of stomach was chedsed by Guth method,nitrite production was measured by Greiss assay,nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activities and L-arginine transport rate were determined by isotope tracer method.ResultsAfter 2 h WRS,the NO production,the NOS activity and L-arginine transport rate in rat platelets obviously increased and then gradually decreased.After 8 h of WRS,these parameters were decreased as compared with the control group.The gastric ulcer appeared and got more serious after 4 h WIR stress.Conclusion Short-term WRS up-regulates L-arginine /NO pathway and increases nitric oxide production in the platelets but long-term WIR stress has the reversed effect.

Aim To observe the influence of hydrogen sulfide on L-arginine/nitric oxide synthase(NOS)/NO pathway,explore the interaction between H_2S and NO as cardiovascular regulatory gasotransmitters.Methods Aortic thin slices in vitro were administrated with NaHS(10~(-7) mol?L~(-1)～10~(-4) mol?L~(-1)),a donor of H_2S,and incubated for 4 hours,or 50 ?mol?L~(-1) NaHS and incubated for 2 h,4 h and 6 h,respectively.The nitrite production Was measured with greiss assay;NOS activity and L-arginine transportation,with isotope tracer method;the eNOS and CAT1-A gene expression,with RT-PCR.Results After being given with NaHS(50 ?mol?L~(-1)) one time,and incubating for 2 h,the nitrite production decreased by 62%,NOS activity reduced by 48% and L-arginine transport decreased by 50%.After incubation for 6 h,the nitrite production further was inhibited by 19%(P0.05).NaHS(10~(-7) mol?L~(-1)～10~(-4) mol?L~(-1)) inhibited the L-arginine/NOS/NO pathway in a dose-dependent manner,and IC_(50) was 0.499,3.198 and 3.927 ?mol?L~(-1)(P

AIM: To investigate alteration and cross link of the aortic and platelet endogenous L-arginine/NOS/NO pathway induced by septic shock.METHODS: The septic shock model was made in rats by caecal ligation and puncture.NO-2 /NO-3 production released from aortic and platelet was measured with Greiss assay.NOS activity and L-arginine transport activity were detected by isotope tracer method.RESULTS: Both in early and late stage of septic shock,NO-2 /NO-3 production,NOS activity,and the L-arginine transport from the aorta intima and platelets were obviously decreased,while those of the aorta media and adventitia were obviously increased(P0.05 and P