OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in human mandible fracture callus and their quantity changes in the process of healing. METHOD: Thirty callus samples from the fractured mandible bone stumps were collected during operation, and two callus samples were collected from the angle-square jaw patients as controls. The expressions of TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 were test by the immunohistochemistry technic-SABC-staining in different periods of human fractured mandibular callus and in osseous tissue of normal angle of mandible. RESULT: The TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 were expressed in callus of different periods but not in normal bone tissue. The expression of TGF-beta1 increased slowly during the first three weeks after fracture and reached its maximum in the third week, and then weakened gradually. The expression of BMP-2 increased gradually during the first two weeks after fracture and reached its maximum in the second week, then the expression weakened gradually. CONCLUSION (1) BMP-2 may be one of the factors promoting the repair of fracture. (2) TGF-beta1 could be another signal pathway in repairment of fracture. (3) There could exist some synergistic effects between TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 in the process of fracture healing.
Adult ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Mandibular Fractures ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effects of beans pressured on ear acupoint on improvement of sleep quality in community type 2 diabetes and on blood glucose level control. Methods A total of 184 cases of type 2 diabetes patients were divided into two groups, control group and the observation group, 92 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were received ear pressure beans therapy, and the patients in control group were given routine symptomatic treatment. Pittsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI) score, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting capillary glucose, non-fasting capillary glucose and blood lipid level were tested to evaluate the efficacy of ear pressure beans therapy. Results After 6 months intervention, the PSQI and HbA1c of the observation group were (8. 05 ± 2. 08) and (6. 71 ± 1. 11)%, while those were (10. 90 ± 2. 92) and (7. 14 ± 1. 55)% in the control group (t=7. 609,2. 134;P<0. 05). Conclusions The ear pressure beans therapy can improve sleep quality in community type 2 diabetes, thereby enabling better control of blood glucose level;it is worth in the community to promote for type 2 diabetes people.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.