Objective · To compare the prevalence of tobacco advertisement before and after implementation of the new edition of Advertising Law of the People's Republic of China and evaluate the effects of implementation of the new Advertising Law. Methods · Tobacco sales places, public places, and streets in Shanghai were randomly selected to observe tobacco advertisement and complete the survey. The survey was carried out in 10 districts of Shanghai in June 2015 with 10 tobacco sales places selected in each district, and in 4 districts of Shanghai in June 2016 with 25 tobacco sales places selected in each district. Sales places included convenient stores, tobacco stores, supermarkets, and kiosks. In addition, public transport waiting points, public transport vehicles, hospitals, shopping centers, restaurants, bars, and Internet cafes were selected into survey in 2016. Results · In 2016, the proportion of tobacco sales places having tobacco advertisement was lower than that in 2015, but the proportion of tobacco promotion behaviors was higher. In 2016, 128 public places and streets were investigated and only 1 had outdoor tobacco advertisement. Conclusion · The new edition of Advertising Law has significant effect on controlling tobacco advertisement, but tobacco sales places still have tobacco advertisement with various disguised promotion forms. Tobacco sales places have diversified business styles and minors often enter these places. It is recommended that a clear definition of disguised forms of tobacco advertisement should be made, tobacco advertisement at tobacco sales places needs to be supervised, the release of tobacco advertisement should be strictly reviewed, and existing tobacco advertisement should be severely punished, so as to prevent minors from exposing to tobacco advertisement and information luring smoking.

The incidence of spinal tuberculosis ranks the first place among the bone and joint tuberculosis, and surgery is an important method of therapy, which can shorten the course of spinal tuberculosis, reduce treatment time and disability rate, and improve the quality of life. One-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion with instrumentation is a safe and effective surgical approach that conforms to the " minimally invasive" concept, and has gradually become the mainstream surgical method for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. In addition, radical debridement is relative, and strong internal fixation can better correct deformities and increase the stability of the spine.

Protein-RNA interaction networks are essential to understand gene regulation control. Identifying binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) by the UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) represents one of the most powerful methods to map protein-RNA interactions in vivo. However, the traditional CLIP protocol is technically challenging, which requires radioactive labeling and suffers from material loss during PAGE-membrane transfer procedures. Here we introduce a super-efficient CLIP method (GoldCLIP) that omits all gel purification steps. This nonisotopic method allows us to perform highly reproducible CLIP experiments with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), a classical RBP in human cell lines. In principle, our method guarantees sequencing library constructions, providing the protein of interest can be successfully crosslinked to RNAs in living cells. GoldCLIP is readily applicable to diverse proteins to uncover their endogenous RNA targets.
Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; methods ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; RNA ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism