Objective To investigate the value of clinical application of mammotome under ultrasonic guidance for minimal excision and biopsy of breast tumor.Methods Excision and biopsy of 152 breast masses from 115 patients were performed using mammatome under ultrasonic guidance,and the patients were followed up.Results Total resection of 152 breast tumors were accurately performed by mammotome vacuum device and biopsy was performed.On pathological examination,86 cases were fibroadenoma,34 cases were adenosis,2 cases were fat necrosis,3 cases were gynecomastia,1 case was ductal inflammatory change and 26 cases were breast cancer.Postoperatively,hematoma was found in 3 cases,subcutaneous ecchymosis in 4 cases and skin injury in one case.All cases were followed up for a period of time and no residual or recurrent masses were found.Conclusions Mammotome vacuum system is an exact,effective and safe method.It is an ideal minimally invasive operation in treating benign breast masses with few complications.It can also be applied to biopsy for breast cancer before operation.

Objective To investigate the effects of treadmill training at different intensities on neurological function and expression of kalirin-7 in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and the possible mechanism.Methods Sixty Wistar male rats were randomized into a model group,a routine training group,an intensive training group and a sham-operation group (n =15 for each group).A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in all the rats of the first three groups.The model group and sham group did no motor training,while the utine training group did treadmill training once daily,and the intensive training group did treadmill training twice a day.On the 3rd,7th and 14th day,Zausinger scores was used to evaluate the neurological deficit;reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were adopted to detect the expression of kalirin-7 and kalirin-7 mRNA in the peri-ischemic brain tissues respectively.Results The average Zausinger scores of the model group and 2 training groups were significantly lower than that of the sham-operation group at all time points;on the 7th and 14th days,the average score of the intensive training group was significantly higher than that of the outine training group.Moreover,the expression of kalirin-7 and kalirin-7 mRNA in the MCAO rats were significantly lower than that in the sham-operation group.On days 7 and 14,the expression of kalirin-7 in the intensive training group was significantly higher than that of the routine training group,which was still significantly higher than the model group.On day 14,the expression of kalirin-7 mRNA in the intensive training group was significantly higher than that of the routine training group,which was still significantly higher than the model group.Conclusion The intensive training is superior to routine training in promoting neural functional recovery and expression of kalirin-7 in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Aptamers are oligonucleotides which can combine targets with high affinity and specificity.Graphene oxide is a kind of new material with many unique physical and chemical properties.Recently, graphene oxide is gradually applied to the field of aptamers and has made a series of progress.This review focused on the application progress of graphene oxide and aptamers in the detection of different targets including small molecules and metal ion, biomacromolecules and cells in order to provide references for the mass application of graphene oxide and aptamers in the field of detection .

Objective · To compare the prevalence of tobacco advertisement before and after implementation of the new edition of Advertising Law of the People's Republic of China and evaluate the effects of implementation of the new Advertising Law. Methods · Tobacco sales places, public places, and streets in Shanghai were randomly selected to observe tobacco advertisement and complete the survey. The survey was carried out in 10 districts of Shanghai in June 2015 with 10 tobacco sales places selected in each district, and in 4 districts of Shanghai in June 2016 with 25 tobacco sales places selected in each district. Sales places included convenient stores, tobacco stores, supermarkets, and kiosks. In addition, public transport waiting points, public transport vehicles, hospitals, shopping centers, restaurants, bars, and Internet cafes were selected into survey in 2016. Results · In 2016, the proportion of tobacco sales places having tobacco advertisement was lower than that in 2015, but the proportion of tobacco promotion behaviors was higher. In 2016, 128 public places and streets were investigated and only 1 had outdoor tobacco advertisement. Conclusion · The new edition of Advertising Law has significant effect on controlling tobacco advertisement, but tobacco sales places still have tobacco advertisement with various disguised promotion forms. Tobacco sales places have diversified business styles and minors often enter these places. It is recommended that a clear definition of disguised forms of tobacco advertisement should be made, tobacco advertisement at tobacco sales places needs to be supervised, the release of tobacco advertisement should be strictly reviewed, and existing tobacco advertisement should be severely punished, so as to prevent minors from exposing to tobacco advertisement and information luring smoking.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic characterizations and patients prognosis of basal-like breast cancer. Methods The clinicopathologic eharacterizations,patient 5 year disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate of 25 basal-like breast cancer patients were compared with 34 CerbB2 overexpressing subtype and 37 ER positive subtype breast cancer patients admitted in our hospital in the same period. Results Patients of basal-like breast cancer accounted for 15.7% of all patients admitted.Compared with CerbB2 over-expressing subtype(29.4%)and ER positive subtype(35.1%),basal-like breast cancer patients were eider with 56.0% being≥50 years old(P＜0.05).Basal-like subtype breast cancer was larger in tumor size than ER positive subtype(P＜0.05),56% of basal-like subtype were of poor-differentiated grade pathologically compared with 18% in CerbB2 overexpression type and 16% in ER positive subtype respectively. Meanwhile, axillary lymph node metastasis was hishbar in CerbB2 overexpressing and ER positive subtype(64.7%,64.9%)than that of basal-like subtype(40.0%).Most visceral metastases were found in basal-like and CerbB2 subtype,but there were more local lymph node and bone metastases in ER positive subtype.Five year overall survoval rate of CerbB2 overexpressing subtype (48.5%)and basal-like subtype breast cancer patients(44.1%)were poorer than that of ER positive subtype(83.8%).respectively;However,there was no difference in 5 year disease-free surviVal rate between the three subtypes(42.7%,40.4%,58.3%,respectively).Conclusions Similar to CerbB2 over-expressing subtype.tlle clinicopathologic characterization and prognosis in basal-like breast cancer are poorer than that in ER positive subtype.

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors in neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathological complete response (pCR),by analyzing the effect of 6 cycles epirubicine combined with docetaxel(ET) regimen in breast cancer patients. MethodsFrom June 2009 to September 2011,clinical date of 52 Ⅱ,Ⅲ stage breast cancer patients treated with ET regimen for neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 6 cycles were retrospectively analyzed.The curative effect was evaluated by palpation and ultrasonography,and finally compared with postoperative pathological results. ResultsIn these 52 patients,the total pCR rate was 42.3％ after 6 cycles chemotherapy.After the first circle of chemotherapy,pCR rate was higher in patients with tumor size reducing ＞ 30％ than those ＜ 30％ as measured by ultrasonography(60.9％ vs.27.6％,P ＜0.05 ).Higher pCR rate was obtained in patients with tumor size ≤3 cm than those in which the initial tumor size ＞ 3 cm(52.9％ vs.22.2％,P ＜0.05) after 6 cycles ET neoadjuvant chemotherapy.PCR rate was higher in patients with positive HER-2 or triple negative breast cancer after 6 cycles than those with luminal type 1breast cancer ( 77.8％,75.0％ and 25.7％,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size and its early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy evaluated by ultrasonography were the significant predictive factors. ConclusionsHigher pCR rate can be achieved after 6 cycles ET regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage ]Ⅱ,Ⅲ breast cancer patients.Tumor's early response to chemotherapy as evaluated by ultrasonography could forecast the pCR.Tumor size and molecular type are important influencing factors on pCR in breast cancer patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of thethymidylate synthase (TS) gene polymorphisms inChinese femaleHan-nationality breast cancer patients,including tandemrepeat polymorphisms in the enhancer region ( ER), 6 bp deletion/insertion (del6/ins6) polymorphism in the 3′untranslated region (3′-UTR) and G→C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The association of TS gene polymorphism with pathological results was retrospectively analyzed.MethodsThis study included 83 breast cancer patients who received no preoperative chemotherapy. The polymorphisms of TS, ER and TS 3′2UTR were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results ( 1 ) Of the 83 patients, the frequencies of the TSER 3R/3 R, 2R/3 R and 2R/2R were 68.7％ ,27. 7％ and 3. 6％, respectively; (2) Due to existence of the G→C single nucleotide polymorphism,TSER genotypes were divided into 2R/2R, 2R/3C, 2R/3G, 3G/3G,3C/3C and 3G/3C,their frequencies were 3. 6％, 19. 3％, 8.4％, 19. 3％, 37. 3％ and 12. 1％, respectively; ( 3 ) Of the 83 patients, the frequencies of the TS 3′-UTR ins6/ias6、ins6/del6 and del6/del6 were 8.4％ 、50.6％ and 41.0％, respectively; (4) TSER polymorphisms were correlated with lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.019 ),Ki67 ( P = 0.022 ) and histological grade ( P = 0.042 ). The TS 3′-UTR polymorphisms were correlated with age ( P = 0.002) and histological grade (P = 0.042). G→C SNP were correlated with lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.021 ) and histological grade ( P = 0.028 ).ConclusionsChinese female Han-nationality breast cancer patients have more genotypes frequencies of the TSER 3R/3R and 3′-UTR del6/del6; The TS polymorphisms are correlated with pathological factors of breast cancer.

Objective:To observe the effect of contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) on the recovery of upper limb motor function after a stroke.Methods:Stroke survivors 1 to 6 months after onset were randomly divided into a CCFES group (14 cases, group A), a CCFES intensive group (14 cases, group B) and a neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (15 cases , group C). In addition to routine rehabilitation training, groups A and B received contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation, while Group C received routine neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Group B was treated twice daily, while the other two groups were given 1 session each day, 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Each session lasted 20 minutes. The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), surface electromyography and the active range of motion for wrist dorsiflexion were used to evaluate the subjects′ upper limb function before and after the treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in any of the measurements among the three groups before the treatment. After the treatment, all of them had improved significantly, with the improvements in groups A and B significantly greater than in group C, on average.Conclusions:Both normal and intensive contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation have significant advantages over neuromuscular electrical stimulation in promoting functional recovery of the upper limbs. Intensive CCFES training is superior to routine training in improving muscle strength and range of motion.

Objective: To analyze the trends on constituent ratio of non-ST-segment-elevation (NSTEMI) and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and related in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2004 to 2014. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study. We reviewed all patients hospitalized for AMI in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 1 2004 to December 31 2014, and collected all related information including hospitalization stay, the type of AMI, revascularization and in-hospital mortality. We analyzed the trends of constituent ratio of NSTEMI and STEMI, and their in-hospital mortalities during the 11 years. Results: Data from a total of 23 864 patients with AMI, including 5 539 STEMI and 18 325 NSTEMI, were analyzed. Compared with STEMI patients, NSTEMI patients were older, less likely to be male (P<0.001), had higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes (P<0.001), and lower prevalence of smoking (P<0.001). Additionally, patients with NSTEMI were more likely to have prior history of MI (12.6% (695/5 539) vs. 7.4% (1 354/18 325), P<0.001) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (2.7% (152/5 539) vs. 0.7% (124/18 325), P<0.001). The constituent ratio of NSTEMI was significantly increased during the observation period, rising from 15.8% (107/802) in 2004 to 35.7% (1 273/3 583) in 2014 (P value for trend <0.001). The in-hospital mortality of NSTEMI patients was significantly lower compared with those with STEMI (1.84% (102 cases) vs. 2.74% (502 cases), P<0.001). The mortality of both STEMI and NSTEMI were significantly decreased during the 11 years (both P value for χ² trend test <0.001). After adjusting for other risk factors, NSTEMI was independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR=0.50, 95%CI 0.40-0.63, P<0.001). Conclusions In patients with AMI, the constituent ratio of NSTEMI versus STEMI is increased during the 11 years. The in-hospital mortality is decreased for both STEMI and NSTEMI patients in the past 11 years, and the in-hospital mortality rate of NSTEMI patients is lower than STEMI patients in this patient cohort during the observation period.

Objective:To study the in vitro construction of functional and self-renewing cartilage organoids based on cartilage acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) microcarriers.Methods:Fresh porcine articular cartilage was taken. The merely crushed cartilage particles were set as natural cartilage group and ECM microcarriers of appropriate particle size, which were prepared by the acellular method of combining physical centrifugation and chemical extraction, were set as microcarrier group. Cartilage organoids were constructed by loading human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and human chondrocytes (hCho) with a ratio of 3∶1 with microcarriers through a rotating bioreactor. The organoids with different induction times were divided into 0-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day induction groups. The cell residues of the microcarrier group and natural cartilage group were evaluated by 4′, 6-diaminidine 2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence staining and DNA quantitative analysis. The retention of microcarrier components was observed by Safranin O and toluidine blue stainnings, and the collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) levels in the microcarrier group and the natural cartilage group were determined by colorimetric method and dimethyl-methylene blue (DMMB) method. The microcarriers were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The hUCMSCs cultured with Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle′s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) in a volume fraction of 10% was used as the control group and the hUCMSCs cultured with the microcarrier extract was used as the experimental group. Subgroups of hUCMSCs cultured at 3 time points: 1, 3 and 5 days were set up in the two groups separately. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the biocompatibility of the two groups. The cellular activity of the organoids of the 0-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day induction groups was detected by live/dead staining and the self-renewal ability of the cartilage organoids of the 14-day induced group was identified by Ki67 fluorescence staining. The organoids of the 7-, 14-, and 21-day induction groups were detected by RT-PCR in terms of the expression levels of chondrogenesis-related marker aggrecan (ACAN), type II collagen (COL2A1), SRY-related high mobility group-box gene-9 (SOX9), cartilage hypertrophy-and mineralization-related marker type I collagen (COL1A1), Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OCN). Colorimetric and DMMB assays were performed to determine the ability of organoids in the 0-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day induction groups to secrete collagen and GAGs.Results:The results of DAPI fluorescent staining showed that the natural cartilage group had a large number of nuclei while the microcarrier group hardly had any nuclei. The DNA content of the microcarrier group was (7.8±1.8)ng/mg, which was significantly lower than that of the natural cartilage group [(526.7±14.7)ng/mg] ( P<0.01). Saffranin O and toluidine blue staining showed that the microcarrier was dark- and uniform-colored and it kept a lot of cartilage ECM components. The collagen and GAGs contents of the microcarrier group were (252.9±1.4)μg/mg and (173.4±0.8)μg/mg, which were significantly lower than those of the natural cartilage group [(311.9±2.2)μg/mg and (241.3±0.7)μg/mg] ( P<0.01). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the microcarriers had uneven and interleaved collagen fiber network. The results of energy spectrum analysis showed that elements C, O and N were evenly distributed in the microcarriers, indicating that the composition of the microcarrier was uniform. The microcarrier had good biocompatibility and there was no statistical significance in the results of CCK-8 test between the control group and the experimental group after 1 and 3 days of culture ( P>0.05). After 5 days of culture, the A value of the experimental group was 0.53±0.02, which was better than that of the control group (0.44±0.03) ( P<0.05). In the 0-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day induction groups, hUCMSCs and hCho were attached to the surface of the microcarriers, with good cellular activity, and the live/death rates were (70.6±1.1)%, (80.5±0.6)%, (94.5±0.9)%, and (90.8±0.5)% respectively ( P<0.01). There were a large number of Ki67 positive cells in cartilage organoids. RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of ACAN, COL2A1, SOX9, COL1A1, RUNX2 and OCN were 1.00±0.09, 1.00±0.24, 1.00±0.18, 1.00±0.03, 1.00±0.06 and 1.00±0.13 respectively in the 7-day induction group; 4.16±0.28, 5.09±1.25, 5.65±1.05, 0.47±0.01, 1.68±0.02 and 0.21±0.06 respectively in the 14-day induction group; 13.42±0.92, 3.07±0.21, 1.84±1.08, 2.72±0.17, 2.91±0.18 and 3.32±1.20 respectively in the 21-day induction group. Compared with the 7-day induction group, the expression levels of ACAN, COL2A1, SOX9 and RUNX2 in the 14-day group were increased ( P<0.05), but COL1A1 expression level was decreased ( P<0.05), with no significant difference in OCN expression level ( P>0.05). Compared with the 7-day induction group, the expression levels of ACAN, COL1A1 and RUNX2 in the 21-day induction group were significantly increased ( P<0.01), with no significant differences in the expression levels of COL2A1, SOX9 and OCN ( P>0.05). Compared with the 14-day induction group, the expression levels of ACAN, COL1A1, RUNX2 and OCN in the 21-day group were increased ( P<0.05 or 0.01), with no significant difference in the expression level of COL2A1 ( P>0.05), but the expression level of SOX9 was decreased ( P<0.05). The contents of collagen in 0-, 7-, 14-and 21-day induction groups were (219.15±0.48)μg/mg, (264.07±1.58)μg/mg, (270.83±0.84)μg/mg and (280.01±0.48)μg/mg respectively. The GAGs contents were (171.18±1.09)μg/mg, (184.06±1.37)μg/mg, (241.08±0.84)μg/mg and (201.14±0.17)μg/mg respectively. Compared with the 0-day induction group, the contents of collagen and GAGs in 7-, 14-, and 21-day induction groups were significantly increased ( P<0.01), among which the content of collagen was the lowest in 7-day induction group ( P<0.01) but the highest in the 21-day induced group ( P<0.01); the content of GAGs was the lowest in the 7-day induced group ( P<0.01) but the highest in the 14-day induction group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The microcarriers prepared by combining physical and chemical methods are decellularized successfully, with more matrix retention, uniform composition and on cytotoxicity. By loading microcarriers with hUCMSCs and hCho, cartilage organoids are successfully constructed in vitro, which are characterized by good cell activity, self-renewal ability, strong expression of genes related to chondrogenesis and secretion of collagen and GAGs. The cartilage organoids constructed at 14 days of induction have the best chondrogenic activity.