Objective To investigate the correlation between orexin A and the serine proteinase inhibitor vaspin in obese rats with insulin resis?tance(IR)induced by high?fat diet and elaborate the possible action mechanism of orexin involvement in fat metabolism in IR pathological process. Methods A total of 75 4?week?old male Sprague?Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal dietary group(NC group,n=20)and the high?fat dietary group(HF group,n=55)to establish the model of obese rats with IR,the euglycemic insulin clamp technique was used to determine re?lated indicators of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. The rats were treated with orexin A(1×10-8?1×10-6 mol/L)by hypodermic injection. The serum levels of orexin A and vaspin in rats were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results After 6 weeks of high?fat diet,the se?rum glucose,insulin,TC,TG and LDL?C were increased significantly in HF group than in NC group,while GIR60~120 in obese rats was decreased significantly[(16.31 ± 1.54)vs(30.22 ± 2.76)mg/(kg · min),P<0.05]. The serum vaspin level was increased 177.08%in HF group compared with NC group(P<0.05). With hypodermic injection of orexin A(1×10-8 mol/L,1×10-7 mol/L and 1×10-6 mol/L),the levels of serum vaspin in?creased 25.00%,68.75%,and 120.83%in NC group and increased 7.52%,24.06%,and 40.60%in HF group. There was a positive correlation be?tween vaspin and orexin A,glucose,insulin,TC,TG,and LDL?C(r1=0.482,P1=0.02,r2=0.515,P2=0.02,r3=0.303,P3=0.04,r4=0.388,P4=0.03,r5=0.255,P5=0.04,r6=0.253,P6=0.04)and a negative correlation between vaspin and HDL?C(r=-0.226,P=0.04)in obese rats with IR. Conclusion High?fat diet can induce insulin resistance and obesity in rats,and orexin A is closely correlated to vaspin in obese rats with insu?lin resistance. Orexin A increases serum vaspin expression and thus involves in onset of insulin resistance in obese rats.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum C-reactive protein in subjects with impaired fasting glycemia and its significance.Methods From Mar.to Sep.2005,according to oral 75 g glucose tolerance test(OGTT)in the patients in the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University,there are 30 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(NGT),28 cases with impaired fasting glycemia(IFG).CRP was detected with ELISA.Results (1)Serum CRP in the subjects with impaired fasting glycemia was significantly higher than those in normal subjects( P

Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of glucagon?like peptide?1(GLP?1)analogues exenatide and liraglutide on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetics mellitus. Methods Such databases as PubMed,Embase,CNKI and CMFD(1987?2014)were searched for randomized controlled trials. The meta?analysis was performed on the extracted related data using the software STATA 11. Results Totally 31 RCTs (7 036 patients)were included. The meta?analysis on body weight in these patients showed the following findings:compared to controls,liraglutide (1.8 mg)effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-0.45,95%CI:-0.59,-0.31);compared to positive controls,liraglutide(1.2 mg and 1.8 mg) also effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-0.91. 95%CI:-1.07,-0.75;WMD=-0.78,95%CI:-1.02,-0.54). Compared to controls,exena?tide(5μg and 10μg)effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-0.36,95%CI:-0.64,-0.09;WMD=-0.99,95%CI:-1.27,-0.72);compared to positive controls,exenatide(10μg)also effectively decreased body weight(WMD=-1.14,95%CI:-1.46,-0.82). Conclusion As novel intes?tinal pancreatotropic hormone analogues,exenatide and liraglutide can effectively reduce body weight,providing new alternatives of hypoglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetics mellitus.

Objective To investigate the interference effects of orexin A on cell proliferation of the insulin?secreting beta?cell line(INS?1 cells) through the orexin receptor 1(OX1R)and the AKT/PKB signaling pathway. Methods INS?1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of orexin A in vitro,and treated with OX1R antagonist(SB334867),PI3K antagonist(wortmannin),or AKT antagonist(PF?04691502). The INS?1 cell proliferation and apoptosis,insulin secretion,OX1R protein activity and AKT phosphorylation level were determined. Results Orexin A(10-10 to 10-6 mol/L)stimulated the proliferation and activation of INS?1 cells,prevented apoptpsis,and increased insulin secretion. Additionally,AKT phosphorylation was stimulated by orexin A(10-10 to 10-6 mol/L). The OX1R antagonist SB334867(10-6 mol/L),the PI3K antagonist wortmannin (10-8 mol/L)and the AKT antagonist PF?04691502(10-6 mol/L)weakened the effects of orexin A. Conclusion Orexin A activated the AKT sig?naling pathway through the mediation of orexin A?OX1R,and promoted cell proliferation in INS?1 cells.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of the Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate on the prevent?ing of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A total of 150 viripotent ICR mice(100 male mice, 50 female mice) were randomly di?vided into five groups(n=30), including A group (Sham group), B group (Model group), C group [Fosinopril prevented group, 20 mg/(kg·d)], D group [Fenofibrate prevented group, 400 mg/(kg·d)] and E group (Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate pre?vented group). The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 gene mRNA were determined by RT-PCR method. TUNEL staining method was used to detect the apoptosisi of retinal cells. Results The Bcl-2 mRNA of A group, Bax mRNA of B group were higher than those of other four groups. Bcl-2 mRNA of E group was higher than that of C group and D group, while the Bax mRNA was lower than those of two groups(all P<0.05). The TUNEL index of B group was the highest than other groups, which of E group

Objective To evaluate the relationships of the expression of orexin A in hypothalamus with hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinism, and hyperlipidemia in alimentary obesity rats.Methods The alimentary obesity rat model was induced by high-fat diet in Wistar rats. The levels of leptin, insulin, C-peptide, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyeride (TG) were detected by luminescent immunoassay and biochemistry enzymic method. The gene expression of orexin A in rat hypothalamus was detected by real-time PCR. The correlation between orexin A and leptin was analyzed. Results After 8 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, the body weight, Lee's index, blood glucose, TG and TC significantly increased in obesity rat group (P＜0. 01). The levels of serum leptin, insulin and C-peptide were significantly higher in obesity rats than in controls [( 1.74±0. 36)μg/Lvs. (1.27±0.11) μg/L, (35±5) MIU/L vs. (23±4) MIU/L, (0.21±0.04) μg/L vs.(0. 14±0. 03) μg/L respectively, P＜0.01]. However, the level of orexin A mRNA was lower in obesity rats than in controls (6.8±2.3 vs. 14.5±3.6, t=-8.06, P＜0.01). The correlation coefficient (r) of orexin A mRNA with serum leptin, insulin, and C-peptide in alimentary obesity rat were -0. 726 (P＜0.01), -0. 506 (P＜0.01) and -0. 664 (P＜0.01), respectively. Conclusions High-fat diet can induce leptin-resistance and alimentary obesity in Wistar rat. The down-regulation of orexin A in rat hypothalamus would be correlated closely to the leptin and insulin resistance in alimentary obesity.

Objective To explore the control effect of proactive monitoring on senile stroke women with Escherichia coli infection caused by indwelling catheter.Methods From October 2011 to September 2012 elderly female stroke patients with indwelling urinary catheter were chosen in the department of neurology and were given proactive monitoring,which included the following:management of antibiotics has been humanized,urinary catheter care used first-cleaning and then disinfection method,pathogen monitoring professionals directly went to the bacteria room for obtaining information.The monitoring results were compared with those last year.Results The urinary Escherichia coli infection in monitoring popu-lations declined sharply,Escherichia coli infection rate reduced from 20.5％ to 3.6％.The urinary infection rate in hospitalized patients reduced from 10.8％ to 5.7％ respectively.The preventive application of an-tibacterial drugs greatly reduced from 70.0％ to 24.7％.The nursing staff all mastered the nursing method of the catheter.Conclusions To give proactive monitoring to senile stroke women with indwelling urinary catheter can control Escherichia coli and other bacteria induced urinary infection due to indwelling catheter significantly,demonstrate a deterrent effect on unreasonable application of antibiotics,which can be recommended to control other indwelling catheter induced urinary hospital infection.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and genetic characteristics of two cases with simple virilizing (SV)21-hydroxylase(21OHD). Methods Clinical manifestations and laboratory data were obtained. The promoter and coding areas of CYP21A2 gene were directly sequenced. In silico analysis were used to predict the function of mutations. Results Two patients presented severe virilism. The laboratory examinations showed that plasma ACTH,aldosterone,androstendione and testosterone were significantly increased compared with normal individuals. VCT scan showed hyperplasia of bilateral adrenal. Direct sequencing of CYP21A2 gene showed two complex mutations-H62L/V69L and I2g/10InsL,which were not reported previously. In silico analysis(Polyphen)showed the novel mutation V69L could probably damage the function of CYP21A2 protein. Conclusion The combined mutations,H62L/V69Land I2g/10InsL,could be associated with SV type 21-OHD phenotype.

Objective To analyze the relationship between Arg -1 expression and the clinical pathologi-cal factors ,proliferation and prognosis value in patients with colorectal cancer .Methods The expression of Arg-1 was observed in normal tissues ,chronic inflammatory tissues ,and adenomas inflammatory carcinoma tissues of mice.At the same time,Arg-1 expression was observed in human colorectal cancer adjacent tissues ,inflamed tis-sues and colorectal cancer tissues .Arg-1 expressed in 20 cases colorectal inflammation -cancer model in mice . Arg-1 expressed in 20 normal colorectal tissues .Fiftheen colitis tissues and 110 colorectal cancer tissues were examined by Immunohistochemistry .Statistical analysis was used to analyze the changes of Arg -1 expression in different groups of mice and human colon tissue cases .Results Arg-1 protein expression in normal tissues of mice was gradually increased in colon ,chronic inflammatory tissues,adenomas,inflammatory carcinoma,with sta-tistical significances(P<0.05).Arg-1 expression in para -carcinoma tissue,colitis tissues,colorectal cancer tissues was gradually increased with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Arg-1 protein is associat-ed with colorectal cancer TNM stage .Arg-1 protein may be involved in occurrence and development process of inflammation-associated colon tumor and may be a candidate of proliferated and prognostic biomarker in patients with colorectal cancer .

Orexin is a new neuropeptide related to diet intake and regulation of endocrine and metabolic functions. Rat model with insulin resistance (IR) was induced by high fructose diet and the extent of IR was assayed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. The results showed that high fructose diet might induce IR and results in disturbance between orexin and leptin. Blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid metabolism and leptin may participate in the regulation of orexin.