Objective To understand the pathogenesis and the clinical features of the bladder soft calculi. Methods A case of bladder soft calculi with emphysematous cystitis was reported.The patient,who had underwent partial cystectomy for bladder cancer,was 53 years old with diabetes and prostate hyperplasia. E.coli was found in his urine.KUB showed negative result.B-us and cystoscopy showed bladder mass.Some of other cases were also reviewed. Results The patient underwent surgical operation,and during the procedure a multilamellar yellow/brown internal structure of the calculi was observed.It presented as something like cellulose in the pathological study.The patient received antibiotic therapy after operation for two weeks,and recovered very well. Conclusions The formation of soft calculi is typically associated with urinary infection caused by proteus species.Diabetes mellitus is believed to be the most important predisposing factor for the formation of soft calculi.In most cases, surgical manipulation is required for their removal because they are not dissolved by any means yet known, and the antibiotic therapy is necessary too.

Objective To evaluate the expression of multidrug resistance-related markers in renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma. Methods The immunohistochemical expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), lung-resistance protein (LRP) and glutathione S-transferase Pi (GST-?) were examined in 51 patients with renal pelvic or ureteral carcinoma.The correlation between the expression and some clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of P-gp、MRP、LRP and GST-? in renal pelvic or ureteral carcinoma was 35.3%(18/51),39.2%(20/51),58.8%(30/51) and 43.1%(22/51) respectively.The rate of P-gp positive staining was increased with the advance of tumor grade (P

Objective To investigate the levels of serum C-reactive protein in subjects with impaired fasting glycemia and its significance.Methods From Mar.to Sep.2005,according to oral 75 g glucose tolerance test(OGTT)in the patients in the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University,there are 30 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(NGT),28 cases with impaired fasting glycemia(IFG).CRP was detected with ELISA.Results (1)Serum CRP in the subjects with impaired fasting glycemia was significantly higher than those in normal subjects( P

OBJECTIVE Study the kidney toxic effects caused by burning coal endemic arsenism in rats,application bench mark dose (BMD) method to investigate the bench mark dose of urinary arsenic (UAs)and the changes in bio markers of renal function.METHODS Wistar rats were fed for 90 d with arsenic 0,25,50,100 mg·kg -1 conta minated feed.Urinary arsenic,kidney arsenic and renal function indicators were determined,and routine pathological and fibrosis of kidney were exa mined.UAs as the exposure bio marker,Uβ2-MG,UNAG and UALB for the effect bio markers,application bench mark dose method to calculate the BMD and BMDL of UAs for each effect bio markers.RESULTS UAs,KAs, Uβ2-MG,UNAG,UALB levels of rats in arsenic 100 mg·kg -1 group were increased than normal group (P <0.05);In light microscope,the results of HE staining of rat kidney in all arsenic dose groups showed infla mmatory cell infiltration,renal tubular epithelial cell swelling,renal interstitial capillary dila-tion,congestion and other varying degrees pathological changes,and the results of masson staining showed varying degrees of tubulointerstitial fibrosis;UAs as the exposure bio marker,Uβ2-MG,UNAG, UALB for the effects of mark,the BMD and BMDL of UAs for Uβ2-MG,UNAG,UALB were calculated, the BMD values were 998.9,1213.5,1386.9 μg·g -1 Cr,the BMDL values were 660.5,803.6 and 909. 4 μg·g -1 Cr,respectively.CONCLUSION Burning coal arsenic pollution can cause kidney da mage in rats,mini mal change nephropathy may be the pri mary pathological in the coal arsenic conta mination of kidney da mage.The BMD and BMDL of UAs were 998.9,660.5 μg·g -1 Cr,the early changes of renal function of burning coal arsenism in rats;it is reco mmended to use the more sensitive bio markers Uβ2-MG to calculate the biological exposure li mits on renal injury caused by arsenic.

Objective To explore the pathogenic roles of miR-21, estrogen (E2), and estrogen receptor (ER) in adenomyosis. Methods We examined the expression levels of miR-21 in specimens of adenomyotic tissue and benign cervical lesions using qRT-PCR. In primary cultures of cells isolated from the adenomyosis lesions, the effect of ICI82780 (an ER inhibitor) on miR-21 expression levels prior to E2 activation or after E2 deprivation were examined with qRT-PCR. We further assessed the effects of a miR-21 mimic or an inhibitor on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and autophagy of the cells. Results The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in adenomyosis tissues than in normal myometrium (P<0.05). In the cells isolated from adenomyosis lesions, miR-21 expression level was significantly higher in E2 activation group than in ER inhibition+E2 activation group and the control group (P<0.05);miR-21 expression level was significantly lower in cells in E2 deprivation+ER inhibition group than in E2 deprivation group and the control group (P<0.05). The adenomyosis cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor showed inhibited proliferation and migration, expansion of mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, presence of autophagosomes, and increased cell apoptosis, while transfection of the cells with the miR-21 mimic produced the opposite effects. Conclusion MiR-21 plays an important role in promoting proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis in adenomyosis cells by altering the cell ultrastructure, which may contribute to early pathogenesis of the disease. In addition to binding with E2, ER can also regulate miR-21 through other pathways to participate in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, thus having a stronger regulatory effect on miR-21 than E2.

Objective To explore the pathogenic roles of miR-21, estrogen (E2), and estrogen receptor (ER) in adenomyosis. Methods We examined the expression levels of miR-21 in specimens of adenomyotic tissue and benign cervical lesions using qRT-PCR. In primary cultures of cells isolated from the adenomyosis lesions, the effect of ICI82780 (an ER inhibitor) on miR-21 expression levels prior to E2 activation or after E2 deprivation were examined with qRT-PCR. We further assessed the effects of a miR-21 mimic or an inhibitor on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and autophagy of the cells. Results The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in adenomyosis tissues than in normal myometrium (P<0.05). In the cells isolated from adenomyosis lesions, miR-21 expression level was significantly higher in E2 activation group than in ER inhibition+E2 activation group and the control group (P<0.05);miR-21 expression level was significantly lower in cells in E2 deprivation+ER inhibition group than in E2 deprivation group and the control group (P<0.05). The adenomyosis cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor showed inhibited proliferation and migration, expansion of mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, presence of autophagosomes, and increased cell apoptosis, while transfection of the cells with the miR-21 mimic produced the opposite effects. Conclusion MiR-21 plays an important role in promoting proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis in adenomyosis cells by altering the cell ultrastructure, which may contribute to early pathogenesis of the disease. In addition to binding with E2, ER can also regulate miR-21 through other pathways to participate in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, thus having a stronger regulatory effect on miR-21 than E2.

Objective To investigate the deep mechanism of Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Tang (Modified Peony and Licorice Root Decoction) and its medicated serum in treatment of adenomyosis.Methods The cells in ovarian focus tissue were given in vitro primary culture in 6 patients with adenomyosis undergone hysterectomy,and the focus cells were identified by using immunoeytochemistic method.There were 6 groups in this study including high-dose Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Tang group (high-dose JSGT group,20 mg/mL),low-dose Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Tang group (low-dose JSGT group,10 mg/mL),Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Tang medicated serum group (medicated serum group),blank serum group,mifepristone group and blank control group.The focus cells were intervened for 24 h and 48 h respectively in all groups,and then the expression of estrogen (E2) was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) and aromatase P450 (P450arom) were detected by using immunocytochemistic method in all groups.Results The identification results of immunocytochemistic method showed that collected from 6 patients and successfully cultured cells were all focus cells of adenomyosis.The level of E2 decreased significantly in medicated serum group compared with blank control group and blank serum group (P ＜ 0.05).The level of ER decreased significantly in high-dose JSGT group,low-dose JSGT group,medicated serum group and mifepristone group after 24 h (P ＜ 0.05).The total efficacy of decreasing ER was inferior in mifepristone group to that in high-dose JSGT group,low-dose JSGT group and medicated serum group (P ＜ 0.05),and efficacy of decreasing ER was superior after 24 h to that after 48 h in high-dose JSGT group (P ＜ 0.05).The level of P450arom decreased significantly in high-dose JSGT group,low-dose JSGT group,medicated serum group and mifepristone group after 24 h compared with blank serum group and blank control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the efficacy decreasing P450arom was better in high-dose JSGT group,low-dose JSGT group and medicated serum group than that in mifepristone group after 24 h (P ＜ 0.05).The efficacy decreasing P450arom was superior after 24 h to that after 48 h in low-dose JSGT group (P ＜ 0.05).Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Tang's efficacies of decreasing ER and P450arom were better than mifepristone and these efficacies showed timeliness:the efficacies were better after 24 h than that after 48 h.There was no dose dependence.Conclusion Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Tang can reduce the levels of ER and P450arom,cut off the positive feedback loop of E2 and P450arom and weaken E2 effect,which may be its mechanism in treatment of adenomyosis.

Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic liver inflammation， with a gradually increasing incidence rate， and its social and medical burdens cannot be neglected. Intestinal microecology is becoming a research hotspot in the field of autoimmune disease. In recent years， it has been believed that changes in intestinal microecology can cause changes in autoimmune state， microbial metabolites， and intestinal barrier， which is one of the driving factors for the onset of AIH. Early diagnosis and correct treatment can help to improve the prognosis of AIH patients. This article introduces the characteristics of gut microbiota in AIH patients， elaborates on the impact of intestinal microflora imbalance on the pathogenesis of AIH， and briefly describes related treatment regimens from the perspective of intestinal microecology， so as to comprehensively understand and explain the role of intestinal microecology in AIH and the impact of intestinal microecology balance on the pathogenesis， diagnosis， and treatment of AIH.