Objective To establish the questionnaire of nursing assistant requirements of county hospital, test and analyze its reliability and validity. Methods According to the nursing assistant requirements framework had been constructed, document literature and interview to develop a questionnaire item pool, then established the prequestionnaire after research group discussion and expert evaluation. 250 clinical nurses were selected for investigation. Then item analysis,factor analysis, correlation analysis and reliability analysis were applied to test the scale′s validity and reliability. Results The effective questionnaire was 224 copies. Questionnaire of nursing assistant requirements was consisted of 44 items, the factor analysis of the questionnaire identified six principal factors and explained for 53.225% total variances. Correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total scale was 0.532-0.794, the Cronbach α coefficient of each dimension was 0.789-0.910,the Cronbach α of whole scale and split- half coefficient were 0.923 and 0.868. Conclusions The questionnaire of nursing assistant requirements of county hospital has high reliability and validity.It can provide a scientific basis for county hospital to carry out nursing assistance.

Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of the pregnant women, who were positive for syphilis in serological test, as well as their final pregnant results. Methods we conducted a retrospective analysis of the serological test results of 3 105 pregnant women subjected to childbirth or induced labor in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics at our hospital since January of 2004. Results Of the 3105 pregnant women, 21 (6.76 ) were positive for treponema pallidum (TP). Additionally, 7 (33.33%) cases were positive for TRUST, and 6 (28.57%) negative. Only 2 cases showed skin lesion, canker and soft chancre. Of the 18 cases, who were found to get infection during pregnancy, 11 (61.11%) had taken the treatment against syphilis. Of the 21 women positive for TP, 5 were subjected to induced labor, 13 to cesarean section, and 3 to spontaneous parturition. The average time of pregnancy was (267.44?11.00) d. The Apgar score of all 16 newborns was 10 at birth. The umbilical blood of 5 infants was tested by TP and TRUST, among which 3 were positive by TP, 2 were positive for TRUST. All infants did not have any clinical manifestation of congenital syphilis after birth. There were 5 cases transferred to the ward of pediatrics, among which 2 undertook the treatment against syphilis, 2 against premature delivery, and 1 against asphyxia, and finally all had been cured. Conclusion The patients, who were found positive for TP during the early and middle period of pregnancy, can obtain a fine pregnant result, if undertaking regular examination and treatment against syphilis.

AIM To study the inhibitory effect of the cytotoxin (CTX) from guangxi cobra venom on human nasopharyngeal cancer cell (CNE) and other tumons cells. METHODS The cytotoxin was isolated and purified from Guangxi cobra venom by successive chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and CM Sepharose CL-6B columns. Its cytotoxic effects and does-effect relationship on human tumors cell lines were examined by MTT assay. RESULTS The inhibitory effects of CTX CM-5 on CNE, human ovarian carcinoma cell (Ho8990), uterus cervical carcinoma cell (HELA) and lymphoma (YAC) cell lines showed a definite does-effect relationship. The IC 50 (48 h in cubation) was 1.84, 2.59, 1.84 and 0.75 mg?L -1 respctively. The inhibitory effects of CTX CM-5 on CNE increased with time. The IC 50 (3 h and 24 h cubation) was 4.78 and 1.04 mg?L -1 respctively. CONCLUSION CTX from Guangxi cobra venom exhibites strong suppressive effect on cultured tumor cells line in vitro.

Objective To explore the feasibility of biplane-transesophageal echocardiography (Bip-TEE) in measuring the aortic annulus dimension (AAD).Methods Totally 24 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) were collected,and their AAD was measured by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE),two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE),Bip-TEE and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) respectively.These four methods were compared with each other.The correlation between 3D-TEE measures and other three methods were analyzed.Results The AAD measured by 2D-TTE,2DTEE,Bip-TEE and 3D-TEE were (22.02±2.21)mm,(23.34±2.34)mm,(23.89±2.37)mm,(24.21±2.78)mm,respectively.The differences among 4 groups was significant (F=3.88,P=0.01).No statistically significant differences were found between Bip-TEE and 3D-TEE,2D-TEE and 3DTEE,Bip TEE and 2D-TEE (all P＞0.05).There were significant differences between 2D-TTE and 2D-TEE,2D-TTE and Bip-TEE,2D-TTE and 3D-TEE (all P＜0.05).The AAD measured by 3D-TEE were positively correlated with that of 2D-TTE,2D-TEE,Bip-TE (r=0.79,0.88,0.94,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Bip-TEE is a feasible method to measure the AAD rapidly and can provide reliable measurements for the prosthetic valve size in TAVI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of protein transduction domain-hepatitis B virus core antigen (CTP-HBcAg18-27)-Tapasin fusion protein-induced specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HBV transgenic mice.

METHODSTwenty HBV-transgenic mice were randomly divided into two groups for a 3-week course of once weekly subcutaneous immunizations with either CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin fusion protein or CTP-HBcAg18-27. Mice administered isotonic saline served as blank controls. Expressions of cytokines in splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA were determined by microparticle enzyme immunoassay and real-time fluorescent PCR assay, respectively. Expression of HBsAg in hepatic tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSImmunization with 100 mug of CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin fusion protein led to a significant increase in proportions of CTLs in spleen (2.70%+/-0.20% vs. 50 mug of CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin: 1.66%+/-0.53%, 50 mug of CTP-HBcAg18-27: 1.26%+/-0.56%, and blank controls: 0.75%+/-0.71%; F = 741.45, P = 0.000) and up-regulation of inflammatory cells in hepatic tissue. In addition, both immunizations of CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin led to significant decreases in serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels compared to those in the CTP-HBcAg18-27 group.

CONCLUSIONHBV-related modification of the expression of the molecular chaperone Tapasin may affect its interaction with intracellular antigen peptides, thereby leading to increases the number of specific CTLs in the spleen, decreases in serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels, and down-regulation of HBsAg expression in hepatic tissue. These results obtained in HBV-transgenic mice suggest that the CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin fusion protein has anti-HBV activity.

Animals ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Transfection ; Virus Replication

Objective To quantitatively analyze the energy loss ( EL) of the left ventricle in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by vector flow mapping (VFM). Methods Sixty-four DCM patients confirmed by clinical were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF):mild decreased LVEF group(group A,40% ≤ LVEF＜ 50% ),moderate decreased LVEF group ( group B,30% ≤LVEF＜40% ) and severe decreased LVEF group ( group C,LVEF＜30% ). Forty healthy volunteers were selected as control group ( group D,53% ≤ LVEF≤73% ) for physical examination. The images of apical four-chamber and three-chamber in color Doppler echocardiography were acquired and EL was analyzed in different phases in a cardiac cycle. Results There was no significant difference of the EL in isovolumic systole and isovolumic diastole between DCM groups and the control group ( P ＞ 0.05). In rapid and slow ejection period,the EL in group B and C were much lower than those in the control group ( P＜0.05). In rapid filling phase,the EL in DCM groups were much lower than that in the control group ( P＜0.05).While in slow filling period and atrial systole the EL in group C was lower than that in the control group ( P ＜0.05). Conclusions VFM provides a new perspective for the cardiac function study of DCM patients.

Objective To quantitatively investigate the dynamic changes of aortic-mitral angle (AMA) using real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE) in the whole cardiac cycle. Methods RT3D-TEE was performed in 19 patients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University in January to March 2016. Custom software of Acuson-4.0 eSie Valves was used to detect and track the mitral and aortic annuli in 3D space throughout the cardiac cycle, allowing automated measurement of changes in AMA. The dynamic changes of AMA during a whole cardiac cycle were observed using paired t test. And the inter-observer and intra-observer variability were evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. Results AMA was smaller in systole than in diastole (111.35°±10.68°vs. 118.14°±10.89°, t=-2.56, P < 0.05).The inter-observer and intra-observer repeatability were good,and the 95% confidence interval was (-6.6°, 5.6°) and (-7.1°, 8.7°) (r=0.80, P=0.0055 and r=0.69, P=0.0283). Conclusions Quantitative measurement of the AMA by RT3D-TEE is feasible, with good inter-observer and intra-observer agreement. These parameters may contribute to the implementation of the aortic or mitral valves replacement.

Objective To observe the effects of diacetyldianhydrogalactito (DADAG) on the proliferation and apopotosis in lung cancer cell NCI-H460.Methods MTT assay was performed to determine the half inhibitory concentration of DADAG(2.88,5.75,11.50,23.00 and 46.00 μg/mL)for the NCI-H460 cells and colony formation assay was used to detect the ability of cell proliferation; through AO/EB staining method, morphological changes of apoptotic cell under fluorescent microscope were observed;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry to test the effects of DADAG on NCI-H460;RT-PCR was used to detect the effect of DADAG on Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expres-sion levels within the cell. Results Compared with that in blank control group, cell proliferation was inhibited in the group treated with DADAG; the number of colony formation decreased and AO/EB staining results showed that cell apoptosis was characterized by typical morphological changes such as swelling, shrinking and fragmentation. Flow cytometry detection results showed that apoptosis rate was increased in the group treated with DADAG(all P<0.05).RT-PCR results indicated that the expression of pro-apoptosis gene Bax was up-regulated,while expression of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 down-regulated. Conclusions DADAG exhibits the inhibitory activity in lung cancer cell NCI-H460 and can induce the apoptosis.The potential mechanism maybe associated with up-regulating the ex-pression of Bax but down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2.

Objective To understand the prevalence rates of HIV-syphilis and HIV-herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) co-infections and related factors among men having sex with men (MSM)who had visited the voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Shanghai,China.Methods 756 eligible MSM who attended the VCT clinics of Shanghai Municipality and Putuo district during March to August,2015 were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey with questionnaire interview and blood testing for HIV,syphilis and HSV-2.Results A total of 732 participants completed a valid questionnaire survey.The prevalence rates were 3.3％ (24/732) for HIV/Syphilis co-infection,1.9％ (14/732) for HIV/HSV-2 co-infection,and 0.7％ (5/732) for HIWSyphilis/HSV-2 co-infection,respectively.HIV prevalence appeared significantly higher among syphilis-infected participants (45.3％,24/53) than those without Syphilis (7.2％,61/679) (x2=63.11,P＜0.001),and was also significantly higher among HSV-2 infected participants (34.1％,14/41) than those without the HSV-2 infection (10.3 ％,71/691) (x2 =21.49,P ＜ 0.001).Results from the Multivariate regression analysis indicated that participants who were migrants (0R=3.50,95％CI:1.01-12.17),having had middle school or lower levels of education (OR=4.46,95％CI:1.54-12.87) or ever used illicit drugs (OR=4.25,95％ CI:1.67-10.82,P=0.002) were under possible risks on HIV and Syphilis co-infection.Those participants who had high middle school or lower levels of education (OR=6.87,95％CI:1.86-25.42;OR=9.82,95％CI:2.25-42.85) were under risk on HIV and HSV-2 co-infection.Conclusion HIV/Syphilis and HIV/HSV-2 co-infection were seen among MSM who attended the VCT clinics in Shanghai that called for special attention,especially on migrants,those with low education or illicit drug users.

‍ ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic efficacy and optimal cut-off values of alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） and alpha-fetoprotein variant L3 （AFP-L3） in hepatitis B virus （HBV）-related early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. MethodsA total of 1 080 patients with HBV-related HCC （HBV-HCC） who were diagnosed for the first time and not yet treated in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2019 to July 2022 were enrolled as HCC group in the study， among whom there were 620 patients with CNLC Ⅰ‍a-‍Ⅱ‍a HCC， and in addition， 346 patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis B （CHB group） and 293 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis （LC group） were enrolled as controls. The diagnostic efficacy of AFP and AFP-L3% in screening for HBV-related early-stage HCC was analyzed， including sensitivity， specificity， and the area under the ROC curve （AUC）. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between two groups； the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the Bonferroni method was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsThe HCC group had significantly higher levels of AFP and AFP-L3% than the CHB group and the LC group （H=542.479 and 418.974， both P<0.001）. In early-stage HCC， AFP and AFP-L3% had an optimal cut-off value of 8.7 ng/mL and 5%， respectively， and AFP alone had the largest AUC of 0.816， with a sensitivity of 66.9% and a specificity of 85.1%. There was no significant difference in AUC between AFP-L3%+AFP and AFP alone （Z=0.609， P=0.543）， but both AFP-L3%+AFP and AFP alone had a significantly larger AUC than AFP-L3% alone （AFP vs AFP-L3%： Z=8.173， P<0.001； AFP+AFP-L3% vs AFP-L3%： Z=8.802， P<0.001）. ConclusionAFP has a good value and is superior to AFP-L3% in the diagnosis of HBV-related early-stage HCC， and the screening cut-off value of AFP should be lowered in order to improve the detection rate of early-stage HCC.