BACKGROUND:Cilium is an antenna-like organele that plays a vital role in al organs generation and maintenance.Ciliopathiesrefer tomultisystem diseasescaused bydisordersofthecilia structure and function. OBJECTIVE:To introduce current understanding of the structure and function of the cilium,with afocus on the study progress ofciliopathies. METHODS:PubMed databasewas searched by computerusing the keywords of“primary cilium, motion cilium,ciliopathy”.Totally 371 relevantarticlespublished from 1959 to 2015 were retrieved. After excluding repetitive and irrelevant articles,we enrolled32 English literaturesregardingcilia structure, functionand ciliopathiesin accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ciliopathiesalmostinvolve every system of the human body, such asthe brain, eyes, liver, kidney, bone and reproductive system.Most ciliopathies are related to human developmental or degenerative diseases, which characterized by wide-ranging clinical and genetic heterogeneity,such asprimary ciliary dyskinesia,ploycystic kidney disease, infertility, blindness and tumor. In view ofthemedical importanceof the cilium, scholars have devoted tostudyingthe underlying celular mechanisms.Thesein turnhave revealed thatciliopathiesare not only caused bydefectiveassemblyof the cilium,but also by impaired ciliarysignaling.

[Objective] It is aimed at discovering an effective way of HPLC to detect the content of baicalin in the pharynx preparation.[Method] The column of Hypersil-ODS C18:250mm ? 4.6mm 5?m;the mobile phase:1.5% orthophosphoric acid and 10% methane alcohol;the detection wavelength: 276nm;velocity of flow: 1.0 ml/min;temperature: 40℃;the content is measured in the way of external standard method of apex area.[Result] By this method,baicalin takes on an excellent linearly relation within the range of 25.74?g?ml-1 ~ 514.8?g?ml-1,average recoveries get up to 99.8% and RSD 1.43% respectively.[Conclusion] This way is convenient and rapid,accurate and reliable,able to be used as a method of quality control on such baicalin preparation.

There were some shortcomings for traditional teaching mode of nutrition and food hygiene course, such as many teaching contents and little teaching time, students much passively learning and little active learning. We explored the combination of the WeChat and the TBL teaching to conduct the flipped classroom to solve the deficiency. The teaching pattern was conducted in 60 students majoring in preventive medicine from Grade 2012. The learning task of nutrition and food hygiene was released on the WeChat before the class. Students learned knowledge in the form of discussion based on case in the class. After the class, the discussion, answer the question and test were conducted on the WeChat. The survey showed that 85% of the students were satisfied with teaching pattern,especially satisfied with its role of broadening students' knowledge and vision, improving their autonomous learning ability, teamwork ability, and their ability to analyze and solve problems.

Objective To understand the prevalence rates of HIV-syphilis and HIV-herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) co-infections and related factors among men having sex with men (MSM)who had visited the voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Shanghai,China.Methods 756 eligible MSM who attended the VCT clinics of Shanghai Municipality and Putuo district during March to August,2015 were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey with questionnaire interview and blood testing for HIV,syphilis and HSV-2.Results A total of 732 participants completed a valid questionnaire survey.The prevalence rates were 3.3％ (24/732) for HIV/Syphilis co-infection,1.9％ (14/732) for HIV/HSV-2 co-infection,and 0.7％ (5/732) for HIWSyphilis/HSV-2 co-infection,respectively.HIV prevalence appeared significantly higher among syphilis-infected participants (45.3％,24/53) than those without Syphilis (7.2％,61/679) (x2=63.11,P＜0.001),and was also significantly higher among HSV-2 infected participants (34.1％,14/41) than those without the HSV-2 infection (10.3 ％,71/691) (x2 =21.49,P ＜ 0.001).Results from the Multivariate regression analysis indicated that participants who were migrants (0R=3.50,95％CI:1.01-12.17),having had middle school or lower levels of education (OR=4.46,95％CI:1.54-12.87) or ever used illicit drugs (OR=4.25,95％ CI:1.67-10.82,P=0.002) were under possible risks on HIV and Syphilis co-infection.Those participants who had high middle school or lower levels of education (OR=6.87,95％CI:1.86-25.42;OR=9.82,95％CI:2.25-42.85) were under risk on HIV and HSV-2 co-infection.Conclusion HIV/Syphilis and HIV/HSV-2 co-infection were seen among MSM who attended the VCT clinics in Shanghai that called for special attention,especially on migrants,those with low education or illicit drug users.