Objective To reconstruct tissue-engineered uterine patch similar to native endometrium and myotrium. Methods The purified rabbit uterine smooth muscle cells and stromal cells were mixed with liquid type Ⅰ collagen, and laid on mold respectively. Then the collagen-embedded cells were combined to create a cell complex, epithelial cells were inoculated on top of the complex, histological and immunohistochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the engineered uterine tissue. Results The engineered uterine tissues (EUTs) were reconstructed with isolated and cultured uterine smooth muscle cells, stromal cells and epithelial cells. After cultured for 14 days, histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the smooth muscle cells and stromal cells in the EUTs distributed evenly in the two layers and the majority of the cells, with elongated nuclei, stretched along the stretching direction. The morphology of EUTs resembled that of the native uterine tissue. In scanning electron microscopy, some epithelial cells protruded pinopodes. The surface of epithelial cells was covered abundantly with microvilli and some cells were ciliated. Conclusion Uterine smooth muscle cells and stromal cells were mixed with Liquid type Ⅰcollagen respectively, and epithelial cells were inoculated on top of the complex for generation of EUTs similar to the native uterine tissue.

BACKGROUND:The principle of lyophilization is to sublimate the solvent of frozen materials in vacuum and retain the solute, thus making a pore structure. OBJECTIVE: To produce a chitosan tubular scaffold by lyophilization, and to test its physicochemical properties. METHODS: The chitosan tubular material was prepared by lyophilization method, folowed by gross observation and electron microscopic observation. The chitosan tubular material samples were placed into PBS solution and pure water for 50 days, respectively, and then immersed in trypsin liquid for 1 day folowed by embedded into the muscle and dorsal skin of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 days. The degradation rate and porosity of the material were observed and calculated. The breaking strength and compressive strength of the material were determined both under drying and soaking conditions using tensile instrument and pressure meter, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The external form of the chitosan tubular material was normaly tubular. Under the electron microscope, it was composited by different size pores, and the pore size was 50-200μm. The degradation rates of the material were (5.33±0.12)% in PBS, (11.26±0.15) in water, 0.012% in the trypsin liquid and (35.2±3.7)in vivo. The porosity rate was (97.5±1.5)%. The breaking strength and compressive strength of the material was higher under the drying state than under the soaking state (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the lyophilization method can produce the chitosan tubular material with good porosity rate and degradation rate as wel as good tensile ability and compressive capability.

Objective To assess the risk of sympathetic nerve injury in oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in different lumbar spine segments based on anatomical study.Methods Twenty-four healthy adult volunteers (12 male and female) were selected and routine lumbar spine scanning was performed with MAG MAGOMOM Verio 3.0 T.The anatomical structures of left lumbar sympathetic trunk,abdominal aorta and left psoas muscle were identified on T2 images of L2,3,L3,4,L4,5 intervertebral space.And the anatomical parameters of the OLIF operation approach and the anatomical parameters of the left sympathetic trunk and adjacent structures were measured.The t-test was used to compare the parameters between the different sexes.The comparison of the data between the different segments was performed by the least significant difference (LSD) single factor analysis of variance.Results From the L2,3 to L4,5 segments,the anatomical parameters of the OLIF operation approach and the anatomical parameters of the left sympathetic trunk and the adjacent structures showed regular changes.The distances between the anterior margin of the left psoas muscle and the abdominal aorta from L2,3 to L4,5 were 13.65±4.10 mm to 9.42 ± 4.00 mm in adult healthy male individuals,and 13.89±3.18 mm to 8.38 ± 3.33 mm in female individuals,showing a significant downward trend.The distances between the left sympathetic trunk and the abdominal aorta from L2,3 to L4,5 were 10.76±3.89 mm to 6.68±3.39 mm in adult healthy male individuals,and 11.52±3.02 mm to 6.12±2.95 mm in female individuals,also showing a significant downward trend.There were significant differences in the operation area of OLIF surgery between different segments.The operation area of OLIF surgery was relatively large in L 2,3 segment,and the risk of sympathetic nerve injury was relatively small.The left lumbar sympathetic trunk in the L3,4 intervertebral space was walking front and inside,and there was a greater risk of injury in the OLIF surgery.Conclusion The left lumbar sympathetic trunk located in or close to OLIF surgery operation field in L2-L5 segments.There was a certain risk of sympathetic nerve injury in OLIF surgery,and the risk of sympathetic nerve injury was different in L2,3,L3,4,L4,5 segments.

Objective　To explore the effect of Mp1p on host macrophages through transcriptomics combined with metabolomics. Methods Firstly, a THP-1 macrophage strain (THP-1-Mp1p+) stably expressing Mp1p was constructed using lentivirus. Secondly, using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA Seq) technology, the expression level of intracellular mRNA was detected in transcriptomics analysis to determine differentially expressed genes; In metabolomics analysis, metabolite identification was performed through database comparison, and pathway analysis was performed on differential metabolites to reveal potential mechanisms of action. Finally, the results of metabolomics and transcriptomics were combined for analysis, and differential metabolites and genes were analyzed to further elucidate the mechanism of action of Mp1p on macrophages. Results Transcriptome analysis showed that, compared with the negative control group, the THP-1-Mp1p+ group had a total of 1 180 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 345 upregulated genes and 835 downregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that there were 135 differentially expressed genes, including 105 in biological processes (BP), 28 in cellular components (CC), and 2 in molecular functions (MF). The KEGG analysis results showed that the effect of Mp1p on THP-1 macrophages was highly correlated with the TNF pathway. The metabolomic analysis found that both the blank control group and the THP-1-Mp1p+ macrophage group achieved good separation between QC samples in both positive and negative ion modes. The threshold for significant differential metabolites was set at: VIP≥1 and T-test P<0.05, resulting in the identification of 488 differential metabolites, with 230 in the positive ion mode and 258 in the negative ion mode. Pathway enrichment analysis of the identified metabolites pointed to significant enrichment in metabolic pathways. The combined analysis confirmed that the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway were important metabolic pathways involved. Conclusions The virulence factor Mp1p may affect host macrophages by modulating the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of Mp1p and may offer potential directions for the selection of relevant diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the future.

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors for false negative diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) by capsule endoscopy.MethodsA total of 133 OGIB inpatients,104 in true positive group and 29 in false negativc group,were reviewed.The features of demography,diseases and capsule endoscopy were collected and then analyzed,which included 10 variables like age,sex,time of bleeding,diseases accompanied,type and location of the disease,hemoglobin concentration,transit time of CE,quality of CE pictures and type of purgative agents.All data were analyzed with t test,and all the enumeration data were analyzed with chi square test.Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the factors and results of diagnosis.ResultsAge ( t =2.095,P =0.038 ),concentration of hemoglobin ( t =2.143,P=0.034),type (X2 =20.222,P ＜0.001) and location (X2 =33.732,P ＜0.001) of the diseases,image quality of the CE (X2 =9.219,P =0.002 ) and the type of purgative agents (X2 =6.999,P =0.024) were found to have statistical differences between the two groups.Chi-square and partition Chi-square test revealed the occurrence of civerticulosis and lesion location,i.e.lower ileum and ileumcecum,were of statistical difference between the two groups (X2 =22.233,P ＜ 0.001 and x2 =24.412,P ＜ 0.001 ).Univariate logistic regression showed diverticulosis ( OR =0.102,P ＜0.001 ),lower bowel diseases ( OR =0.110,P ＜0.001 ),poor quality of CE pictures ( OR =0.258,P =0.004 ) and the use of sodium phosphate agent ( OR =0.367,P =0.027) were risk factors for false negative diagnosis,while older age facilitated diagnosis ( OR =1.024,P =0.041 ).However,multivariate logistic regression showed no statistic significance in type of purgative agent ( P =0.05 ) or the concentration of hemoglobin ( P =0.394).Furthermore,elder age facilitated positive diagnosis ( OR =1.031,P =0.032),while diverticulosis ( OR =0.118,P =0.001 ),lower bowel diseases ( OR =0.145,P =0.001 ) and poor quality of CE pictures ( OR =0.245,P =0.016) were correlated with higher probability of false negative diagnosis.ConclusionAge,disease type,disease location and image quality exert great influence on CE diagnosis.Diverticulosis,lower location of the diseases and poor CE image quality are risk factors for false negative diagnosis.

As a thymoid-related autoimmune disease, thymectomy has become one of the effective treatments for MG. We review the surgical indications of MG in this artical.

Objective: To establish a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) via intratracheal aerosolization of paraquat (PQ). Methods: Thirty male C57BL/6J mice of 8-10 weeks old were randomly(random number) divided into the paraquat model group (n = 15) and the saline control group (n = 15). Mice in the paraquat model group were administered PQ solution (0.4 mg/mL) at a single dose of 50 μL per mouse via intratracheal aerosolization. Mice in the saline control group received an equal volume of saline. Mice were sacrificed 72 h post-PQ administration and samples were collected. The general physical condition of mice including body weight as well as mortality was monitored daily. Pulmonary function, cell counting and classification of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels of BALF and serum, MPO activity and total protein concentration of BALF and pathological lung injury scores were obtained. Results: The body mass of mice decreased progressively within 72 h after PQ intratracheal administration. The static compliance of lung decreased (P<0.01) and the resistance increased (P<0.01). The number of inflammatory cells in BALF was significantly higher than that of the saline control group (all P<0.01), the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated in both BALF and serum (all P<0.01), and the activity of MPO in BALF was also remarkedly increased (P<0.01). The total protein concentration of BALF was significantly elevated (P<0.01). The pathological observation of lung tissue showed a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration accompanying pulmonary hemorrhage, alveolar collapse, hyaline membrane formation and alveolar septal thickening, and the lung injury scores significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusions Intratracheal aerosolization of a single dose of 0.02 mg PQ can successfully induce ALI in mice.

Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery uses the retroperitoneal gap between the abdominal aorta and left psoas as the surgical approach to perform discectomy and interbody fusion. It has the advantages of shorter operation duration and hospital stay, less blood loss, lighter postoperative pain and quicker recovery compared with traditional lumbar interbody fusion surgery. OLIF surgery has been gradually applied in treating degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. However, the complications, such as the injury of blood vessels, sympathetic nerves, lumbosacral plexus, peritoneum and ureteral, cannot be negligible. Previous studies reported that the overall incidence of complications about OLIF surgery was 3% to 53.1% with an average of 15.5%, which can be divided into intraoperative and postoperative complications. The incidence of iliac vascular injury was found to be 0.3%-15.4% in OLIF at the L₅S₁ segments. The anatomy about vascular in this area is complex because the aorta is branched into the left and right iliac artery. The surgical approach in L₅S₁ segments is also different from the traditional OLIF but similar to the lateral anterior lumbar interbody fusion, which could increase the risk of vascular injury. The other complications which do not show significant segmental difference were based on the previous literatures. The incidence of abdominal aortic injury is 0.1%, which is related to direct damage caused by the narrow operation window of OLIF. The incidence of lumbar segmental arterial injury was 0.7% to 5%, which may be caused by the anatomical variation of L_{4, 5} lumbar segmental artery. The incidence of lumbar sympathetic nerve injury is 1.7%. More attention should be paid to protect the lumbar sympathetic trunk which lying in the front of the psoas muscle. The incidence of cage-related complications ranges from 2.9% to 13.4%, which perhaps is associated with older age, osteoporosis and use of large-sized cages. Although the incidence of ureteral injury is 0.3% to 1.6%, care should also be taken due to not obvious injury without urinary tube.

Melanocytes derived from neural crest cells harbor the BRAFV600E mutation,which is the predominant driver of nevus formation in humans.This mutation leads to malignant cell proliferation and subsequent cell cycle arrest,culminating in oncogene-induced senescence and nevus development.Nevertheless,emerging evidence has highlighted the heterogeneity of cellular senescence markers in BRAFV600E-induced senescent melanocytes.Moreover,the capacity of melanocytes within nevi to regain their proliferative ability raises questions about the molecular mechanisms by which BRAFV600E,via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,triggers nevus formation.This study provides an overview and discussion of the molecular mechanisms underpinning BRAFV600E-induced melanocyte nevus formation and the relevant animal models employed for their elucidation.It also highlights the significance of elucidating dynamic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates that interact with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 and underscores the value of using targeted BRAFV600E animal models created through gene editing technologies.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of red and blue lights combined with Yufa Shengfa solution and 5% minoxidil solution in treating Ludwig type Ⅰ female androgenetic alopecia. Methods A total of 160 patients with Ludwig type Ⅰ female androgenetic alopecia were randomly divided into group A (Yufa Shengfa solution combined with 5% minoxidil solution), group B (red and blue lights therapy combined with Yufa Shengfa solution), group C (red and blue lights therapy combined with 5% minoxidil solution) and group D (red and blue lights therapy combined with Yufa Shengfa solution and 5% minoxidil solution), with 40 cases in each group. All the patients orally took compound glycyrrhizin tablets and Centrum multivitamins, and the therapeutic period was 3 months. Differences in hair diameter, hair density, and the number of hair follicles with multiple hairs were compared before and after treatment. Results The hair density, hair diameter, and the number of hair follicles with multiple hairs improved significantly in 4 groups compared with those before treatment, and group D showed the best improvement in these parameters, with significant between-group differences (P < 0.001). There were no serious adverse events or side effects during treatment in all the patients. Conclusion Red and blue lights therapy combined with Yufa Shengfa solution and 5% minoxidil solution is an effective non-surgical treatment for Ludwig type Ⅰ female androgenetic alopecia.