Objective To explore unexplained syncope (UPS) morbidity of elementary and middle school students in Changsha city.Methods Four thousand two hundred and fifteen students aged 5 to 18 years from six fulltime elementary or middle schools were randomly selected and the survey was conducted by giving them 4 215 copies of questionnaires and they were categorized into 3 groups:key school group(n =1 062),normal school group(n =1 310) and peasant laborer dependent's school group (n =1 349).Three thousand seven hundred and twenty-one copies of returning questionnaires (88.28％) were collected.Results 1.Morbidity:among 3 721 students there were 738 students(19.83％) who had once or more symptom of UPS.And the morbidity of middle school students was higher than elementary school students (28.87％ vs 7.96％,x2 =252.11,P ＜ 0.01).The morbidity of key school students was higher than normal school and peasant laborer dependent's school students (25.99％ vs 16.34％ vs 18.38％,x2 =40.93,P ＜ 0.01).2.Onset age:the onset age of UPS was 6-18 (14.23 ± 2.70) years old.3.Gender difference:for the middle school group,the morbidity of female students was higher than male students(31.34％ vs 26.49％,x2 =6.06,P ＜ 0.05).But for the elementary school group (male 9.04％ vs female 6.68 ％,x2 =2.85,P ＞ 0.05) and the total secondary school students (male 18.67％ vs female 21.12％,x2 =3.51,P ＞ 0.05),there was no significant difference between genders.Conclusions The UPS morbidity of students in Changsha is 19.83％.There are differences in age,school and gender.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of peri-implantitis inflammatory microenvironment on the biological function of jaw bone osteoblasts.

METHODSPrimary mandible osteoblasts from peri-implantitis and normal tissue were isolated and cultured. Third-generation purified osteoblasts were identified and detected. The proliferative activity of osteoblasts was evaluated through MTT assay. Osteocalcin (OCN), Runx2, and collagen I (Col I) mRNA levels were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. OCN protein levels were determined by Western blot.

RESULTS: After 4 d of culture, the proliferative activity of osteoblasts from peri-implantitis became lower than that of normal tissue ( P <0.05). After 7 d of culture, OCN, Runx2, and Col I mRNA expression decreased ( P <0.05). The OCN protein levels also decreased ( P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONPeri-implantitis inflammatory microenvironment can decrease the proliferation and differentiation activity of mandible osteoblasts.

Hypereosinophilia (HE) is a kind of hematology disorder affecting multiple organs. Multiple studies demonstrated that HE was correlated with ischemic stroke, and it could be a rare and reversible cause for ischemic stroke. Therefore, more and more concerns have been concentrated by neurologists in recent years. Based on the research data, the definition, typical characteristics, possible mechanism, diagnosis and treatment principles of HE related ischemic stroke were summarized systematically, in order to provide possible personalized treatment strategies for this disease.

Objective: To monitor and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in schools and understand the disease burden of students, and to provide a scientific reference for instructing the prevention of influenza in schools. Methods: A school influenza surveillance sentinel to conduct influenza like case (ILI) surveillance and outbreak surveillance. Through network, we understood the burden of flu disease among students. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze influenza like case surveillance and questionnaire survey data. Results: Surveillance confirmed that from the 42th week of 2019 to the 1st week of 2020, the cumulative reported ILI of 3 school influenza surveillance sites in Jinan accounted for 7.91% (ILI%) of the total number of surveillance personnel during the same period, with the highest ILI% (24.19%) of kindergarten children, ILI% gradually decreased with the increase of grade, and teachers were the lowest. The reporting of ILI was concentrated in the 49th to 52nd week of 2019, during which the reported influenza like cases accounted for 84.81% of the total number of ILI reported during the surveillance period. Two influenza outbreaks were monitored. The pathogens were H3N2 and B (Victoria). The epidemics mainly occurred in the lower grades of elementary school. A survey of 2 297 students found that 577 people had fever and respiratory symptoms since October 2019. Among them, 85.26% of them went to the hospital, 32.75% of those who used anti influenza drugs such as oseltamivir, and 64.81% of those who used antibiotics. 42.63% received infusion therapy, 3.99% were hospitalized, and the average cost of inpatients was 6 686 yuan. The sick students were absent from school for an average of 3.77 days, and the parents of the sick children missed work for an average of 4.26 days. Conclusion Surveillance of influenza like cases in schools is an important way to proactively discover influenza epidemic trends and outbreaks, and to accurately grasp the characteristics of influenza epidemics in schools. The key populations affected by influenza are kindergarten children and lower grades of primary school students. Suffering from influenza has caused a heavy disease burden on students and children in kindergartens, and is also an important factor that causes student absenteeism and parents to miss work.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing rapid neurological improvement(RNI)after mechani-cal thrombectomy(MT)in patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke(AACIS),and to construct a predictive scoring model for RNI.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 312 AAIS patients treated with MT at the South-west Hospital and the Zigong Third People's Hospital from January 2017 to October 2021.Univariate analysis and multi-variate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent factors influencing RNI.A scoring model for RNI prediction was established by assigning scores to significant variables in multivariate analysis.The prediction value was evalu-ated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Among the 312 AACIS patients,159(50.96%)dem-onstrated RNI.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of diabetes mellitus[odds ratio(OR)=0.518;95%confidence interval(CI)0.290-0.926;P=0.027]and Van Swieten score(3-4 points)(OR=0.537;95%CI 0.294-0.981;P=0.043)were independent risk factors for RNI in AACIS patients after MT.However,mTICI(grade 2b or 3)was an inde-pendent protective factor for RNI in patients with AACIS(OR=3.912;95%CI 1.706-8.982;P=0.001).The area under the ROC curve of the predictive scoring model was 0.628(95%CI 0.565-0.690;P<0.001).The optimal cut-off value was 3 points,the sensitivity was 68.39%,and the specificity was 52.98%.Conclusion The predictive scoring model consisting of history of diabetes mellitus,preoperative Van Swieten score,and postoperative mTICI grade is valuable in predicting RNI in patients with AACIS after MT.

Objective:To explore the regulatory role of the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neural pathway from the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in modulating anxiety-like behavior in mice.Methods:Totally 37 male SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice, aged 6 to 8 weeks and weighed 18-22 g, were used for the following experiment: (1) Five mice received an injection of Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the NAc, followed by retrograde tracing combined with immunofluorescence staining after one week to observe the coexistence of FG and MCH immunopositive neurons in the LHA.(2)Thirty-two mice were injected with adeno-associated virus which could activate the MCH neurons into the LHA.After two weeks, they were randomly divided into four groups and received different drug injections: normal saline (NS, intraperitoneal injection)+ NS (1.5 μL, injection in the NAc) group, NS(intraperitoned injection) + SNAP94847 (SNAP, 2 mg/mL, 1.5 μL, injection in the NAc) group, chlorprothixene N-oxide (CNO, 0.15 mg/kg, intraperitoned injection) + NS(1.5 μL, injection in the NAc) group, and CNO(intraperitoned injection) + SNAP(1.5 μL injection in the NAc) group, and the SNAP94847 was an antagonist for MCH typel receptor.The open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and marble burial test (MBT) were employed to assess the impact of chemogenetic activation of MCH neurons on anxiety-related behavior in mice.Results:(1) The results of FG retrograde tracing combined with immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that MCH neurons in the LHA project their neural fibers to NAc neurons.(2) In the chemogenetic experiment, there was no significant interaction effect between CNO and SNAP in terms of the duration of stay ( Finteraction=2.899, P>0.05) and the distance moved ( Finteraction=1.603, P>0.05) in the central area during OFT experiments.However, the main effects of both CNO and SNAP intervention were significant in the duration of stay ( FCNO=6.767, FSNAP=7.656, both P<0.05) and the distance moved ( FCNO=12.480, FSNAP=7.999, both P<0.01) in the central area.Compared to the NS+ NS group, mice in the CNO+ NS group exhibited a shortened duration of stay ((89.00±19.16)s, (63.75±13.58)s, P<0.05) and a decrease in distance moved ((593.79±108.18)cm, (426.81±66.14)cm, P<0.05) in the central area.In contrast, mice in the CNO+ SNAP group had an extended duration of stay ((87.38±16.57)s) and an increase in distance moved ((569.27±73.20)cm) in the central area compared to the CNO+ NS group.There was no significant interaction effect between CNO and SNAP in the number of entries ( Finteraction=2.79, P>0.05) and the dwell time ( Finteraction=2.871, P>0.05) into the open arms of EPM experiments.However, the main effects of both CNO and SNAP interventions in the number of entries ( FCNO=10.43, P<0.01; FSNAP=4.96, P<0.05) and the dwell time ( FCNO=5.232, FSNAP=7.597, both P<0.05) into the open arms were significant.Compared to the NS+ NS group, mice in the CNO+ NS group showed a decrease in the number of entries ((13.13±3.36), (7.63±3.70), P<0.01) and a decrease in open arm dwell time ((37.68±11.37) s, (22.98±7.00) s, P<0.05) into the open arms.The CNO+ SNAP group had an increased number of entries (12.00±3.02) and an increased dwell time ((39.41±10.58)s) into the open arms compared to the CNO+ NS group(both P<0.05).There was no significant interaction effect between CNO and SNAP in the MBT experiment ( Finteraction=2.746, P>0.05).However, the main effects of both CNO and SNAP interventions were significant ( FCNO=8.125, P<0.01; FSNAP=5.383, P<0.05).Compared to the NS+ NS group, the number of buried beads increased in the CNO+ NS group ((16.13±2.10), (11.88±3.23), P<0.05).Conversely, the number of buried beads decreased in the CNO+ SNAP group compared to the CNO+ NS group ((12.38±2.33), (16.13±2.10), P<0.05). Conclusion:Enhanced activity in the MCHergic neural pathway from LHA to NAc can promote anxiety-like behavior in mice, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying anxiety.

Objective To study the mechanism of carboxypeptidase E ( CPE ) in promoting the migration of lymphocytes and their subsets through vascular endothelial cells. Methods CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to prepare cpe gene-knockout MS1 (Cpe-/-MS1) cells. Adhesion ability of lymphocytes to MS1 and Cpe-/-MS1 cells was analyzed with adhesion assay. Expression of adhesion molecules on these cells were detected by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Transwell model was used to compare the difference in the transmigration of lymphocytes and their subsets through MS1 and Cpe-/-MS1 cells. Results Cpe-/-MS1 cells were successfully obtained. Under the stimulation of TNF-α, the adhesion ability of lymphocytes to MS1 cells was much better than that of Cpe-/-MS1 cells. Moreover, adhesion molecules expressed on MS1 cells were significantly more than those on Cpe-/-MS1 cells. The percentages of lymphocytes and their sub-sets that transmigrated through MS1 cells were significantly higher than those through Cpe-/-MS1 cells. Con-clusion CPE involved in the adhesion of lymphocytes to vascular endothelial cells and the transmigration of them through vascular endothelial cells, which was of great significance for understanding the migration of lymphocytes across vascular endothelial cells to peripheral lymph nodes.

Objective To study the effect of peri-implantitis inflammatory microenvironment on the biological function of jaw bone osteoblasts. Methods Primary mandible osteoblasts from peri-implantitis and normal tissue were isolated and cultured. Third-generation purified osteoblasts were identified and detected. The proliferative activity of osteoblasts was evaluated through MTT assay. Osteocalcin (OCN), Runx2, and collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) mRNA levels were examined by real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction. OCN protein levels were determined by Western blot. Results After 4 d of culture, the proliferative activity of osteoblasts from peri-implantitis became lower than that of normal tissue (P<0.05). After 7 d of culture, OCN, Runx2, and Col Ⅰ mRNA expression decreased (P<0.05). The OCN protein levels also decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Peri-implantitis inflammatory microenvironment can decrease the proliferation and differentiation activity of mandible osteoblasts.

Objective To explore the possible mechanisms of myocardial injury induced by simulated weightlessness in space flight and the recovery of myocardium in rats by aerobic exercise intervention.Methods The body weight of rats was weighed using an electronic balance;the cardiac function indexes of rats in each group were detected using echocardiography and isolated cardiac perfusion;and the expression of proteins related to the AMPK/ULK1/Beclin1 pathway in the myocardial tissues of rats in each group was detected using Western Blot.Results(1)When compared with the C1 group,the T1 group not statistically significant in body weight(P?>?0.05),and the wet weight of the flounder muscle,the wet weight-to-weight ratio of the flounder muscle,and the heart weight were all significantly decreased(P??0.05).After 4 weeks of aerobic exercise,when compared to group C2,group R showed a significant rise in the expression of AMPK and ULK1(P??0.05),and a rise in the expression of Beclin1,but not statistically significant(P?>?0.05);and group A showed a slight increase in the expression of AMPK,ULK1 and Beclin1 expression decreased slightly but not statistically significant(P?>?0.05),p-AMPK expression decreased significantly(P??0.05),and a significant decrease in the expression of ULK1(P??0.05);the expression of p-ULK1 decreased significantly(P?

Background:The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods:A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results:Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions:The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.