Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium with strong pathogenicity. With the widespread use of antibiotics， its multi-drug resistance has gradually increased. Among them， methicillin-resistant S. aureus （MRSA） is one of the main pathogens of hospital and community infections. Antimicrobial peptides are short-chain peptides with good antibacterial effects and low drug resistance， which have been widely studied in recent years. This study summarizes the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and related study on antimicrobial peptides against MRSA from different sources. It is found that the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides include targeting bacterial cell membranes， bacterial cells， and bacterial cell walls， etc. Besides isolating antimicrobial peptides with anti-MRSA activity from animals， plants， and microorganisms， antimicrobial peptides can also be obtained through synthetic methods. Among them， GHa-derived peptides from animal sources， Ib-AMP4 from plant sources， Ph-SA from microbial sources， the synthetic peptide LLKLLLKLL-NH2， and so on， due to their effective antibacterial activity， rapid bactericidal speed， and low toxicity， are promising candidates for anti-MRSA drugs.

As the need for antibody production rises, there is an urgent need to lower the costs and enhance the efficiency of the separation process. Currently, the chromatographic media used for antibody separation and purification often focus on individual properties of antibodies, such as affinity, hydrophobicity, and charge, leading to issues like low purification efficiency or inadequate adsorption capacity. To address this, an electrostatically coupled polypeptide affinity medium (FD7-3, 5-diaminobenzoic acid n-sepharose, FD7-DA-Sepharose) was developed for rapid purification of antibodies from cell culture supernatant. This medium utilized 3, 5-diaminobenzoic acid as a spacer to attach the heptapeptide-affinity ligand (FYEILHD, FD7) to agarose microspheres. Antibodies could be adsorbed through charge interactions with the carboxyl functional group of the FD7-DA-Sepharose spacer, while FD7 enhanced electrostatic coupling and affinity adsorption through synergistic effects, significantly increasing the adsorption capacity while maintaining the affinity and specificity. The influences of pH and ionic strength on adsorption capacity were investigated with human immunoglobulin as a model protein. The static adsorption capacity (Q_m) of FD7-DA-Sepharose in the solution of pH 6.0 reached 67.73 mg/mL, representing a 52.68% increase compared with that (44.36 mg/mL) of the commercial Protein A affinity medium. Furthermore, the elution conditions for FD7-DA- Sepharose were mild (20 mmol/L PB, 0.5 mol/L NaCl, pH 6.0), in contrast to the harsh acidic elution (pH 2.7-3.6) typically associated with Protein A, which can damage antibody integrity. The FD7-DA-Sepharose medium was then employed to purify antibodies from cell culture supernatant, achieving the yield of 94.8% and the purity of 98.4%. The secondary structure of the purified antibody was determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that FD7-DA-Sepharose enabled efficient purification of antibodies from cell culture supernatant, which provided a cost-effective solution (approximately one-third the price of commercial Protein A affinity medium) with gentle elution conditions that preserve the natural conformation of antibodies. This approach paves a novel, economical, and efficient way for the separation and purification of antibodies from cell culture supernatant.
Chromatography, Affinity/methods* ; Static Electricity ; Humans ; Sepharose/analogs & derivatives* ; Peptides/chemistry* ; Adsorption ; Antibodies/isolation & purification*

Objective It conducted a grounded theory on the factors influencing the sense of job significance of hospital administrators to provide suggestions and references for the promotion of high-quality development of hospital management work.Methods From April to September 2023,it interviewed 23 administrators from various departments across Provinces/Cities,including Zhejiang,Heilongjiang,Guangdong,Shanghai,Henan,Jilin,Sichuan and others,using a theoretical sampling method.Employing Grounded Theory,it encoded over transcriptional information at three levels.Results Three-level coding process yielded 66 free nodes,19 initial concepts,7 main categories,and 3 dimensions,leading to the development of a theoretical model encompassing existence,relatedness,and growth.Conclusion The job meaning for hospital administrators is shaped by existence,relatedness,and growth.It recommend revising performance assessments,fostering an empowering culture,enhancing informal communication,providing professional growth pathways,and offering diverse career development options to deepen administrators'job meaning.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of the career plateau among hospital administrators,to provide scientific reference for enhancing the quality of hospital management and operation.Methods The interview data were analyzed by grounded theoretical research methods.It conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 tar-get objects and conducted qualitative research on the influencing factors of hospital administrators'career plateau with the help of NVivo 11.0 software.Results After a three-level coding,114 initial concepts,30 subcategories,10 main categories,and 3 core categories were summarized.A theoretical model was developed,encompassing three dimensions:aggravating factors,dissipating factors,and convertible factors.Conclusion The career plateau of hospi-tal administrators is affected by a complex interplay of aggravating,dissipating and convertible factors.Hospitals need to provide regular vocational training to cultivate organizational loyalty for their employees.Hospital administra-tors should engage in proactive career planning and skill diversification.and the government should coordinate the es-tablishment of links between hospitals and the external system to promote the openness and connection of the healthcare system to the outside world.

Objective It conducted a grounded theory on the factors influencing the sense of job significance of hospital administrators to provide suggestions and references for the promotion of high-quality development of hospital management work.Methods From April to September 2023,it interviewed 23 administrators from various departments across Provinces/Cities,including Zhejiang,Heilongjiang,Guangdong,Shanghai,Henan,Jilin,Sichuan and others,using a theoretical sampling method.Employing Grounded Theory,it encoded over transcriptional information at three levels.Results Three-level coding process yielded 66 free nodes,19 initial concepts,7 main categories,and 3 dimensions,leading to the development of a theoretical model encompassing existence,relatedness,and growth.Conclusion The job meaning for hospital administrators is shaped by existence,relatedness,and growth.It recommend revising performance assessments,fostering an empowering culture,enhancing informal communication,providing professional growth pathways,and offering diverse career development options to deepen administrators'job meaning.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of the career plateau among hospital administrators,to provide scientific reference for enhancing the quality of hospital management and operation.Methods The interview data were analyzed by grounded theoretical research methods.It conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 tar-get objects and conducted qualitative research on the influencing factors of hospital administrators'career plateau with the help of NVivo 11.0 software.Results After a three-level coding,114 initial concepts,30 subcategories,10 main categories,and 3 core categories were summarized.A theoretical model was developed,encompassing three dimensions:aggravating factors,dissipating factors,and convertible factors.Conclusion The career plateau of hospi-tal administrators is affected by a complex interplay of aggravating,dissipating and convertible factors.Hospitals need to provide regular vocational training to cultivate organizational loyalty for their employees.Hospital administra-tors should engage in proactive career planning and skill diversification.and the government should coordinate the es-tablishment of links between hospitals and the external system to promote the openness and connection of the healthcare system to the outside world.

Objective It conducted a grounded theory on the factors influencing the sense of job significance of hospital administrators to provide suggestions and references for the promotion of high-quality development of hospital management work.Methods From April to September 2023,it interviewed 23 administrators from various departments across Provinces/Cities,including Zhejiang,Heilongjiang,Guangdong,Shanghai,Henan,Jilin,Sichuan and others,using a theoretical sampling method.Employing Grounded Theory,it encoded over transcriptional information at three levels.Results Three-level coding process yielded 66 free nodes,19 initial concepts,7 main categories,and 3 dimensions,leading to the development of a theoretical model encompassing existence,relatedness,and growth.Conclusion The job meaning for hospital administrators is shaped by existence,relatedness,and growth.It recommend revising performance assessments,fostering an empowering culture,enhancing informal communication,providing professional growth pathways,and offering diverse career development options to deepen administrators'job meaning.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of the career plateau among hospital administrators,to provide scientific reference for enhancing the quality of hospital management and operation.Methods The interview data were analyzed by grounded theoretical research methods.It conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 tar-get objects and conducted qualitative research on the influencing factors of hospital administrators'career plateau with the help of NVivo 11.0 software.Results After a three-level coding,114 initial concepts,30 subcategories,10 main categories,and 3 core categories were summarized.A theoretical model was developed,encompassing three dimensions:aggravating factors,dissipating factors,and convertible factors.Conclusion The career plateau of hospi-tal administrators is affected by a complex interplay of aggravating,dissipating and convertible factors.Hospitals need to provide regular vocational training to cultivate organizational loyalty for their employees.Hospital administra-tors should engage in proactive career planning and skill diversification.and the government should coordinate the es-tablishment of links between hospitals and the external system to promote the openness and connection of the healthcare system to the outside world.

Objective It conducted a grounded theory on the factors influencing the sense of job significance of hospital administrators to provide suggestions and references for the promotion of high-quality development of hospital management work.Methods From April to September 2023,it interviewed 23 administrators from various departments across Provinces/Cities,including Zhejiang,Heilongjiang,Guangdong,Shanghai,Henan,Jilin,Sichuan and others,using a theoretical sampling method.Employing Grounded Theory,it encoded over transcriptional information at three levels.Results Three-level coding process yielded 66 free nodes,19 initial concepts,7 main categories,and 3 dimensions,leading to the development of a theoretical model encompassing existence,relatedness,and growth.Conclusion The job meaning for hospital administrators is shaped by existence,relatedness,and growth.It recommend revising performance assessments,fostering an empowering culture,enhancing informal communication,providing professional growth pathways,and offering diverse career development options to deepen administrators'job meaning.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of the career plateau among hospital administrators,to provide scientific reference for enhancing the quality of hospital management and operation.Methods The interview data were analyzed by grounded theoretical research methods.It conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 tar-get objects and conducted qualitative research on the influencing factors of hospital administrators'career plateau with the help of NVivo 11.0 software.Results After a three-level coding,114 initial concepts,30 subcategories,10 main categories,and 3 core categories were summarized.A theoretical model was developed,encompassing three dimensions:aggravating factors,dissipating factors,and convertible factors.Conclusion The career plateau of hospi-tal administrators is affected by a complex interplay of aggravating,dissipating and convertible factors.Hospitals need to provide regular vocational training to cultivate organizational loyalty for their employees.Hospital administra-tors should engage in proactive career planning and skill diversification.and the government should coordinate the es-tablishment of links between hospitals and the external system to promote the openness and connection of the healthcare system to the outside world.