Objective To discuss the management and selection of donor and recipient veins in the transfer of vascularied autogeneous submandibular gland (SMG).Methods The SMGs of 48 patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis were transfered to the temporal region by microsurgery from June,2002 to June,2013.The secreted saliva was used as the substitute of tear.Donor and accepting-site vessels,vessels crisis and managements,survival of grafts were retrospectively analysed.Results Transplantation succeeded in 45 patients and failed in 3.For donor veins,39 were facial veins,12 were venae comitantes of facial artery,1 was vein near the duct.For revipient veins,41 were superficial temporary veins,6 were deep temporary veins and 5 were veins in the upper neck.For revipient artery,except superficial temporary artery,deep temporary artery was also a good selection.After surgery,2/5 venous crisis cases were rescued by reanastomosising veins.TC99m examination suggested that the 49 TSMGs were survived,and the ducts were unobstructed.Follow up lasted for 6 months to 10 years,the symptoms of photophobia and anemophobia were alleviated,the symptoms of corneal xerosis disappeared.Good clinical efficacy was obtained after transplantion.Conclusion During SMGs transplantion,facial veins,venae comitantes of facial artery or vein near the duct can be used for donor vein.For recipient veins,except the superficial temporary veins as major,deep temporary veins or veins in the upper neck is also a secection.Correct selection and microsurgical management of donor and revipient veins are keys to successful SMGs transplantion.

OBJECTIVETo explore the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expression in the peripheral blood and lesions of 4NQO-induced tongue carcinoma in mouse.

METHODSThe established 4NQO mouse model was used to analyze the distribution of MDSC and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry. The relations of MDSC with T cell subsets and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ changes were evaluated. The distribution of MDSC in the lesions of tongues was analyzed by immu- nohistochemistry, and the expression of arginase 1 (ARG-1) in tongue tissues was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSDuring tumor progression, a significant increase was observed in the frequency of MDSC in the peripheral blood of 4NQO treated mice (P < 0.01). The frequency of MDSC was positively correlated with systemic CD3⁺CD8+T cells but negatively correlated with the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. Squamous cell carcinomas were extensively infiltrated with MDSC, whereas dysplastic area and normal tongue mucosa had only sparse MDSC infiltration. The majority of MDSCs were located in the stroma, particularly along the tumor invasive front. Moreover, 4NQO-treated mice showed significantly higher ARG-1 mRNA levels in the tumor site (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONMDSC may contribute to oral tumor progression and represents a potential target for immunotherapy of oral cancer.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide ; Animals ; Arginase ; Cell Count ; Flow Cytometry ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells ; immunology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Tongue Neoplasms ; immunology

Objeetive To investigate the outcome of microvascular reconstruction of the tongue with anterolateral thigh flaps in the treatment of middle-late stage tongue cancer patients. Methods From December 2003 to March 2007,nine patients underwent simultaneous reconstruction of the tongue and oral floor defects with anterolateral thigh flaps after resection of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue.The flaps ranged from 7 cm×10 cm to 10 cm×12 cm in size,and were adjusted to the defect of the tongue and oral floor.The vascular pedicle included descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery and the accompanying veins.The outcome of reconstruction was evaluated by follow-up examinations,considering the contour and mobility of the reconstructed tongues,the swallowing function and the speech function.Results All of the donor sites were closed directly,with minimal donor-site morbidity. All patients recovered unevenffully from surgery,with no immediate postoperative complications:no flap necrosis,no wound infection or wound dehiscence.The transplanted flaps survived well.The average follow-up period was 18 months.During the follow-up period there was no tumor recurrence and the contour of the reconstructed tongues showed sufficient bulk.The patients demonstrated good mobility of the reconstructed tongue.The swallowing and speech function recovered satisfactory.Two months postoperatively the patients were able to ingest a solid or semisolid diet,and six months postoperatively the patients developed intelligibe language.Conclusion The anterolateral thigh flaps are suitable and reliable for the microsurgical reconstruction of the large defects caused by middle-late stage tongue cancer.

BACKGROUND:There are differentially expressed genes in acute intracerebral hemorrhage,which are related to the occurrence and development of intracerebral hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE:To screen differentially expressed genes and key genes in brain tissue of a rat model with acute intracerebral hemorrhage,to validate them through qPCR,and to analyze the relationships between key genes and the neurological function and brain tissue water content after intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS:Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:in intracerebral hemorrhage group,a rat model of acute intracerebral hemorrhage was made using collagenase injection at the right caudate nucleus;and in sham-operated group,rats were injected with equal amount of saline at the same site.RNA was extracted from rat brain tissues of both groups using the TRIzol method and transcriptome sequencing technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes in brain tissues of acute intracerebral hemorrhage,which were then verified by qPCR and analyzed for the relationships between the genes and neurological function and brain tissue water content after intracerebral hemorrhage.And the key genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis in combination with bioinformatics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ten key genes were identified,including CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4,GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,CACNA1E,and CCL20.The contents of GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,and CACNA1E in the intracerebral hemorrhage group were lower than those in the sham-operated group(P＜0.05).The contents of CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4 and CCL20 in the intracerebral hemorrhage group were higher than those in the sham-operated group(P＜0.05).The contents of GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,and CACNA1E were positively correlated with brain tissue water content and neurologic deficit score(P＜0.05),while the contents of CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4 and CCL20 were negatively correlated with brain tissue water content and neurologic deficit score(P＜0.05).GO analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in two biological processes(leukocyte chemotaxis and chemokine-mediated signaling pathways),two cell components(cation channel complexes and ion channel complexes),and two molecular functions(gated channel activity and ion channel activity).KEGG analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were concentrated in tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway,glutamatergic synapses and GABAergic synapses.To conclude,the differentially expressed genes in intracerebral hemorrhage include CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4,GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,CACNA1E,and CCL20,and these genes are related to brain tissue water content and neurological function after intracerebral hemorrhage.These genes are mainly enriched in cell components,binding functions,cellular protrusions,and other related biological functions.