Protrusive facial deformities, characterized by the forward displacement of the teeth and/or jaws beyond the normal range, affect a considerable portion of the population. The manifestations and morphological mechanisms of protrusive facial deformities are complex and diverse, requiring orthodontists to possess a high level of theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the relevant orthodontic field. To further optimize the correction of protrusive facial deformities, this consensus proposes that the morphological mechanisms and diagnosis of protrusive facial deformities should be analyzed and judged from multiple dimensions and factors to accurately formulate treatment plans. It emphasizes the use of orthodontic strategies, including jaw growth modification, tooth extraction or non-extraction for anterior teeth retraction, and maxillofacial vertical control. These strategies aim to reduce anterior teeth and lip protrusion, increase chin prominence, harmonize nasolabial and chin-lip relationships, and improve the facial profile of patients with protrusive facial deformities. For severe skeletal protrusive facial deformities, orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment may be suggested. This consensus summarizes the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of numerous renowned oral experts nationwide, offering reference strategies for the correction of protrusive facial deformities.
Humans ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Patient Care Planning ; Cephalometry

Malignant insulinoma is a kind of rare and challenging neuroendocrine tumor. It is often accompanied by distant metastasis, among which liver metastasis is most common, and the prognosis is often non-promising. In this paper, we report a case of multiple liver metastases from malignant insulinoma. The patient, a 70-year-old male, was admitted to the hospital due to "episodic consciousness disorder for more than four months." Blood glucose monitoring revealed recurrent hypoglycemia in the early morning, after meals, and at night. Pancreatic perfusion CT and dynamic enhanced MRI of the liver revealed a mass in the uncinate process of the pancreatic head and multiple liver metastases. Percutaneous liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma. After multidisciplinary discussions, hepatic artery embolization and radiofrequency ablation were performed in stages, in combination with everolimus treatment. Thereafter, the enhanced CT demonstrated that some liver metastases shrank. The patient had regular meals, and the blood sugar gradually increased and remained normal thereafter. This article discusses this case's clinical characteristics and multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment, aiming to provide experience for the comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant insulinoma patients.

A middle-aged man was presented with poor appetite, polyuria, polydrpsia, and headache. A sellar mass was found, along with total pituitary hypofunction and visual field defect. A biopsy of the lesion via the trans-sphenoidal approach showed inflammatory changes and granuloma formation. However, repeated cerebrospinal fluid and pathogenic examination of the pathological tissue showed no positive indications. The initial diagnosis considered autoimmune hypophysitis, and treatment of glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants was administered, which led to a temporary shrinkage of the lesion, but it gradually enlarged subsequently. After multidisciplinary discussion, a high possibility of pituitary tuberculosis infection was decided upon. After standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment was initiated, the lesion reduced noticeably and the patient′s condition improved. Pituitary tuberculosis infection is incredibly rare and extremely easy to misdiagnose. This case was diagnosed and treated in a timely and effective manner through a multidisciplinary approach, highlighting the importance of such an approach in dealing with rare diseases.

Objective:To understand the clinical features of osteonecrosis of the jaw after bisphospho-nates use for therapy of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis.Methods:The cases diagnosed as bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ)were retrospectively analyzed from January 201 1 to August 201 5 in the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,and those breast cancer patients with bone metastasis were selected.The clinical symptoms,imaging characteristics and treatment results were summarized.Results:A total of 1 4 cases of breast cancer patients with bone me-tastasis were selected,with an average age of 60.21 years.The average time of suffering from breast cancer was 9 .77 years,and the average time of bone metastasis and bisphosphonates drugs use was 5 .67 and 3 .29 years individually.There was no patient with systemic application history of hormone therapy, and no history of diabetes.There were 9 patients with tooth extractions history,and the mean time of bone necrosis symptoms was 8.58 months.There were 1 0 cases with bone necrosis occurring on mandi-ble,3 cases on maxilla,and one case with both upper and lower jaws involved.Among the 1 0 patients with surgical treatment,there were 3 cases cured,and 6 cases improved.However,the clinical symp-toms of 2 cases with conservative treatment were significantly aggravated.Conclusion:The medication time between the bisphosphonates use beginning and the occurrence of BRONJ is relatively long.The his-tory of diabetes and long-time hormone use did not exist in this group.Tooth extraction itself does not de-termine the severity of BRONJ.Mandible is the most common site involved by BRONJ.Surgical treatment can alleviate the clinical symptoms of BRONJ with breast cancer to some extent.

The lifting wavelet is used to decompose the original ECG signals and separate them into the approach signals with low frequency and the detail signals with high frequency, based on frequency characteristic. Parts of the detail signals are ignored according to the frequency characteristic. To avoid the distortion of QRS Complexes, the approach signals are filtered by an adaptive smooth filter with a proper threshold value. Through the inverse transform of the lifting wavelet, the reserved approach signals are reconstructed, and the three primary kinds of noise are limited effectively. In addition, the method is fast and there is no time delay between input and output.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted