Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health, function, and aesthetics, ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability. Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues, especially in severe cases. Therefore, close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment, along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process, is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Moreover, long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success. This expert consensus, informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience, addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients, delineating indications, objectives, procedures, and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontics, Corrective/standards* ; Periodontal Diseases/complications* ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

[Objective] To summarize the experience of Professor ZHANG Qin, a famous Chinese doctor in Zhejiang Province, in the treatment of dysmenorrhea by clinical syndrome differentiation. [Methods] Through the examples of teacher ZHANG's clinical treatment of primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea in three cases, combined with the usual clinical experience of Professor ZHANG Qin to follow, analyze and summarize teacher ZHANG's clinical experience of the treatment of dysmenorrhea. [Results] Three cases show that, whether it is the primary dysmenorrhea or secondary dysmenorrhea, ZHANG believes that the total incidence of cold stagnation of Qi, blood circulation is not smooth, the main reason for the lack of collateral. A sense of cold dampness to menstrual wading, passengers in the cytoplasm, with warm and cold, blood, Tiaochong;with blood stasis, expelling, warming channels to dispel cold, removing blood stasis and relieving pain; also, liver blood deficiency and blood stasis of uterus, cure properly via removing film, streteving liver and removing stasis to relieve pain. Along with symptoms, with mild blood for treatment, in order to reconcile Qi and blood, Chongren unblocked. [Conclusion] Professor ZHANG Qin's experience in the treatment of dysmenorrhea by clinical syndrome differentiation has distinctive features and positive effects, so it is worth in-depth study and application.

Objective:To examine the roles of follicular helper T(Tfh)cells,serum IL-21 and B cells in the pathogenesis of alcohol abuse non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( NONFH ) .Flow cytometry was used to measure the frequencies of peripheral blood inducible Tfh cells and B cells in alcohol abuse NONFH patients and healthy controls.The disease progression and the extent of femoral head collapse,the serum IL-21 were quantified.Methods: A significantly higher percentages of CD19+B cells(t=3.765,P=0.0005),CD86+CD19+B cells(t=5.506,P<0.0001),and CD95+CD19+B cells(t=4.152,P=0.0002) in patients than those in controls was found.The percentages of CD86+CD19+B cells were positively associated with the index of femoral head collapse in alcohol abuse NONFH(P<0.0001,r=0.536).Results: The frequencies of Tfh cells (t=7.611,P<0.0001),and IL-21+Tfh cells (t=5.281,P<0.0001) were higher than those in controls;The frequencies of Tfh cells were positively associated with the percentages of CD19+B cells(P=0.0002,r=0.455),IL-21+Tfh cells were positively associated with the percentages of CD86+CD19+B cells(P=0.0002,r=0.447).Conclusion: Tfh cells and B cells may participate in the pathogenesis of alcohol abuse NONFH,and increased CD86+CD19+B cells may be associated with the extent of femoral head collapse,the interaction of Tfh cells and B cells may have an im-portant role in pathogenesis of alcohol abuse NONFH.