The sperm antigens were examined using the method of ELISA and specific monoclonal antiboby against human sperm.The results of ELISA method of 10 fresh seminal fluid samples and 15 seminal stains showed 100% positive rate. Even diluted the fresh seminal fluid to 10~6 times of seminal stains extract to 51?0~5 times,both were positive also.However,it was negtive for testing other specimens such as saliva stains,urine stains,colostrum stains,sweat stains, vaginal secretion stains and human seminal stains after vesoligation. The result certificate that using specific antibody to the sperm,the ELISA method is high sensitive and specific for the sperm antigen assay.

The ABO blood group antigens in the spermatozoa from 40 donors were studied using the indirect immunofluorescence method.Group A antigens in the spermatozoa from group A donors and group B antigens in the spermat- ozoa from group B donors were detected.Some of the spermatozoa from group AB donors carry the A antigens and others carry the B antigens.The spermatozoa from four ABO blood group donors all carry H antigens.The blood group antigens in the spermatozoa are inherent,not from the seminal plasma.The amount of ABO blood group antigens from different individuals was different and was independens of the secrete status and the amount of ABH substances in the secretor's seminal plasma.The ABO blood group antigens of spermatozoa were mainly distributing in the regions of spermat- ozoals neck and acrosome.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of spectral CT monochromatic imaging in improvement of imaging quality of bronchial arteries.Methods We retrospevtively analyzed the chest CT images in 38 patients who underwent the contrast-enhanced spectral CT.These images included a set of 140 kVp polychromatic images and default 70 keV monochromatic images.Using a standard Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI)viewer at an advanced workstation (AW4.6),an optimal energy level (in keV)for obtai-ning the best CNR of the bronchial artery could be automatically obtained.The SNR,CNR and objective imaging quality score for these 3 imaging sets (140 kVp,70 keV and optimal energy level)were obtained and compared with one-way ANOVA .Results The optimal energy levels for obtaining the best CNR were (62.58±2.74)keV.The SNR of the 140 kVp polychromatic images,70 keV monochromatic images,and the optimal keV monochromatic images were 1 6.44±5.85,20.96 ±8.32 and 24.91 ±9.91,the CNR were 13.30±5.45,1 7.25±6.97 and 20.67±8.62,and the subjective imaging quality scores were 1.97 ±0.82,3.24±0.75 and 4.47±0.60,respectively,exhibiting significant differences among groups (F =10.1 7,10.1 7 and 1 1 1.12,P <0.00).The optimal monochromatic group was superior to the 70 keV group and the 140 kVp mixed-energy group.Conclusion Monochromatic images at approximately 62 keV in dual-energy spectral CTA yields the best CNR and highest diagnostic confidence for imaging bronchial ar-teries,which may improve imaging quality for imaging bronchial arteries.

Objective To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in China.Methods Cross-sectional studies relevant to IBS conducted among Chinese were identified through the databases including PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP.Quality of studies was assessed according to the criteria for cross-sectional studies recommended by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ).Analysis of data,publication bias and sensitivity were performed with Stata (Version 12.0).Results A total of twenty-three studies were extracted.No obvious publication bias was detected in all analysis except the effect of depression on IBS prevalence.Pooled prevalence of IBS in China was 6.5％.IBS was more common in women than in men (8.1％ vs 6.8％;OR=1.23,95％CI 1.09-1.38) and high rate in age group between 30 to 59 years (6.9％ ; OR =1.22,95％ CI 1.12-1.32).Intestinal infection history(OR =2.39,95％ CI 1.69-3.38),anxiety (OR =2.95,95 ％ CI 1.94-4.49),depression (OR =1.85,95 ％ CI 1.11-3.09),food allergy (OR =2.80,95％ CI 2.12-3.67) and alcohol consumption (OR =1.15,95％ CI 1.07-1.24) might increase the risk for IBS.There were no significant difference of IBS prevalence between urban and rural areas (OR =0.97,95％ CI 0.72-1.29),neither in different education classes (OR =0.85,95％ CI 0.70-1.03).Sub-group analysis showed IBS prevalence varied apparently with different diagnostic criteria:prevalence defined by Manning was 11.8％ and by Rome Ⅱ and Rome Ⅲ prevalence values were 4.4％ and 8.9％ respectively.Conclusions Pooled prevalence of IBS in China was 6.5％.IBS is more common in age group between 30 to 59 years.Female,history of intestinal infection,anxiety,depression,food allergy and alcohol consumption were risk factors for IBS in Chinese population.

Objective To observe the blood flow changes of left ventricular cavity and quantify the energy loss (EL) and circulation of left ventricular during systole and diastole in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) via vector flow mapping(VFM).Methods Thirty-six healthy volunteers and 32DCM patients were enrolled.According to the severity of mitral regurgitation(MR),DCM patients were divided into two groups.The quantitative parameters,including average energy loss(EL-base,EL mid,EL-apex) and circulation (vortex quantity,vortex area,circulation) were measured in the different periods of VFM imaging mode in apical four-chamber view,apical three-chamber view and apical two-chamber view respectively.The difference of parameters was evaluated between different groups during the different periods.The early transmitral valve blood flow velocity E,the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity A,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the early diastolic mitral valve velocity E/e,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity E/A and Tei index were derived via dual-Doppler imaging technology.Meanwhile,the correlation between VFM parameters with E,A,E/A,E/e or Tei index was also analyzed.Results ①The level of EL were decreased significantly among EL-mid and EL-apex during early diastole,EL-mid during mid-systole,EL-mid and EL-apex during late-systole (P ＜0.05),when compared with the control group.The vortex quantity,vortex area and circulation during early diastole and the vortex area and circulation during atrial contraction period were significantly different between two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).As for mid-diastole,only vortex area showed significant difference (P ＜0).01).(②) When compared with different grades of MR in DCM patients,the level of all segments EL during diastole and EL-base during systole increased with severity of MR(P ＜0.05).The circulation during diastole also increased with the severity of MR(P ＜0.05).③The vortex area and circulation had positive correlation with E/e during diastole in all subjects(all P ＜0.05).The vortex area during atrial contraction period and early diastole had positive correlation with E/A and Tei index in all subjects(r =0.630,0.345,0.468,0.316,0.663,0.264,respectively,allP ＜0.01).EL-mid during late-systole were negatively correlated with LV end diastolic volume,end systolic volume,but positively correlated with ejection fraction in all subjects(r =0.335,-0.312,0.340,respectively,all P ＜0.05).While,there was positive correlation between E/A with the basal segment of mid-diastole(r =0.376,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The visualization of hydromechanics inside the heart of DCM patients could be directly accomplished by VFM,which can provide a new method for diagnosis and evaluation of DCM.

OBJECTIVE To find the infla mmation bio markers induced by coke oven e missions (COE),we investigated the changes of T helper 17 (Th17 )cytokines in hu man bronchial epithelial (16HBE)cells.METHODS 16HBE cells were exposed to organic extracts of COE collected fro m co-king plant at the concentrations of 5,10 and 20 mg·L -1 for 24 h or 5 d to establish short-term and long-term cell models,respectively.Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and infla mmatory da mage was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH).The cytokines in culture supernatant sa mples was detected by co mmercial hu man Th17 cytokine panel kit.RESULTS COE Can induce infla mmation in COE 20 mg·L -1 group and no expression on IL-17 F and IL-1 β.The concentration of IL-10 was 1 .25 ± 0.54,1 .39 ±0.13 and (1 .90 ±0.73)pg·mL -1 in COE 5,10 and 20 mg·L -1 group showing good con-centration-effect relationship (r=0.98,P <0.05 ).IL-23 expression was found only higher at 10 and 20 mg·L -1 and the concentrations were 3.38 ±3.90 and (1 .74 ±2.00 )pg·mL -1 ,respectively.In 16HBE cells treated by COE for 5 d,elevated expression of IL-17A was found in COE 5 and 10 mg·L -1 group,and there was statistically sigificant difference between COE 10 mg·L -1 and DMSO group (P<0.05).Elevated concentration of IL-17F of 10.2 ±1 1 .78 and (6.79 ±7.84)pg·mL -1 was found in COE 5 and 10 mg·L -1 group.The concentration of IL-10 was 1 .71 ±0.02,1 .49 ±0.25 and (2.82 ± 0.33)pg·mL -1 in COE 5,10 and 20 mg·L -1 group,respectively.We found increased IL-1 βexpression with concentration of 2.72 ±0.62,2.25 ±0.33 and (0.93 ±0.21 )pg·mL -1 in COE 5,10 and 20 mg·L -1 group with negative dose-response relationship.We also found more elevated TNF-αlevels in the 5 d than in the 24 h model with no COE specific relationship.CONCLUSION COE induces expression changes of Th17 cytokines profile in 16HBE cells,including IL-23 and IL-1 βfor early and long-term infla mmation,respectively.IL-10 may be a candidate marker for population study on COE induced infla mmatory injury.

OBJECTIVETo estimate the reference value for micronucleus frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes in general Chinese population, and to guide the genotoxicity evaluation and risk analysis for populations exposed to environmental or occupational chemicals.

METHODSA fulltext search was performed in CNKI with the key words of "micronucleus" and "human", and PubMed was searched with "cytokinesis-block micronucleus","CBMN","humans", and "adults", to obtain the articles published at home and abroad from 2001 to 2014 in which cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN)assay was applied for micronucleus detection and populations not exposed to genotoxins were established as a control. Monte Carlo simulation was performed based on the micronucleus frequency, standard deviation, and sample size provided in these articles to calculate the micronucleus frequency for general population and to analyze the influence of sex, smoking, and drinking on micronucleus frequency.

RESULTSA total of 23 articles were included in the final analysis. The minimum mean micronucleus frequency was 0.39‰, and the maximum mean micronucleus frequency was 25.3‰. There were 1623 subjects in the control group in total (range 22~178, mean 70.6). Monte Carlo simulation was performed 100 times, and the mode of micronucleus frequency was 0 or 1‰; the values of P0, P25, P50 , P75, and P95 were 0‰, 1‰, 2‰~3‰, 5‰~6‰, and 14‰~19‰, respectively; the mean value was 4.36‰(range 4.22‰~4.57‰). With the application of one-sided 95% range(x±1.64 s), the upper limit of the range of reference value was calculated to be 13.46‰~14.75‰.

CONCLUSIONThe micronucleus frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes in general Chinese population is 4.36‰, the interquartile range is 1‰~5‰ or 1‰~6‰, and the upper limit of reference value is 14.17‰. The factors of living area, sex, smoking, and drinking may influence micronucleus frequency.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; DNA Damage ; Environment ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Micronucleus Tests ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutagens ; Reference Values ; Sex Factors ; Smoking

Hepatocellular carcinoma cells interact with tumor microenvironment, and exhibits There are temporal and spatial heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma which interacts with tumor microinvironment. In this paper, we summarized the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma heterogeneity, the mechanism of heterogeneity, and the impact of hepatocellular carcinoma heterogeneity on diagnosis and treatment, so as to provide a new thinking direction for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cell proliferation and genome stability in workers with occupational exposure to diesel exhaust (DE).

METHODSIn 2012, 117 DE-exposed workers and 106 control workers were recruited by cluster sampling in this study. The demographic data were obtained by questionnaire survey. The airborne fine particle and enriched polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at different workplaces were collected and analyzed. The concentrations of main PAHs monohydroxy metabolites in the urine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which could reflect the internal exposure level of DE. The cell proliferation capacity and genome stability in the periphery lymphocytes of workers were evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay.

RESULTSThe concentrations (median (P5-P95)) of total PAHs monohydroxy metabolites in the urine of exposed group and control group were 12.96 (4.73-28.10), 4.76 (0.90-15.00) µg/L, respectively, and the exposed group was higher than that of controls (Z = -8.77, P < 0.001). The nuclear division index (NDI) of exposed group and control group was 1.68±0.13, 1.85±0.16, respectively, and the NDI of exposed group showed significantly decreased (t = 8.86, P < 0.001), while the genome instability index calculated by micronucleus, nuclear bridges and nuclear buds, of exposed group and control group was 13.27±6.26, 4.83±3.38, respectively, and the exposed group had statistically significant increase (Z = -10.08, P < 0.001). The tertiles of total PAHs monohydroxy metabolites in the urine were categorized into low, medium and high groups (<5.96, 5.96-12.46, >12.46 µg/L). With the NDI decreased, 1.81±0.17, 1.79±0.17, 1.68±0.14 (F = 13.14, P < 0.001), genome instability index began to increase 5.80±4.15, 9.97±7.14, 11.99±6.61 (/1 000), respectively (χ(2) = 36.74, P < 0.001). With the increase of total PAHs monohydroxy metabolites level in corresponding groups. In addition, the NDI was negatively correlated with the frequencies of micronucleus, nuclear bridges, nuclear buds and genome instability index, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSDE exposure lead to inhibition of cell proliferation capacity and increase genome instability in the peripheral lymphocytes of occupational-exposed population, providing important clues and evidence for early biomarkers monitoring.

Biomarkers ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Micronucleus Tests ; Occupational Exposure ; Particulate Matter ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vehicle Emissions ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo systematically evaluate the environmental exposure information of coke oven workers, we investigated the concentration and size distribution characteristics of the particle matter (PM) in the top working area of coke oven.

METHODSThe aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer was employed to collect the concentration and size distribution information of PM at a top working area. The PM was divided into PM ≤ 1.0 µm, 1.0 µm < PM ≤ 2.5 µm, 2.5 µm < PM ≤ 5.0 µm, 5.0 µm < PM ≤ 10.0 µm and PM>10.0 µm based on their aerodynamic diameters. The number concentration, surface area concentration, and mass concentration were analyzed between different groups. We also conducted the correlation analysis on these parameters among groups.

RESULTSWe found the number and surface area concentration of top area particulate was negatively correlated with particle size, but mass concentration curve showed bimodal type with higher point at PM = 1.0 µm and PM = 5.0 µm. The average number concentration of total particulate matter in the top working area was 661.27 number/cm³, surface area concentration was 523.92 µm²/cm³, and mass concentration was 0.12 mg/m³. The most number of particulate matter is not more than 1 µm (PM(1.0)), and its number concentration and surface area concentration accounted for 96.85% and 67.01% of the total particles respectively. In the correlation analysis, different particle size correlated with the total particulate matter differently. And the characteristic parameters of PM2.5 cannot fully reflect the total information of particles.

CONCLUSIONThe main particulate matter pollutants in the top working area of coke oven is PM1.0, and it with PM(5.0) can account for a large proportion in the mass concentration of PM. It suggest that PM1.0 and PM(5.0) should be considered for occupational health surveillance on the particulate matter in the top area of coke oven.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Coke ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; analysis ; Workplace