Purpose:To clone and construct an eukaryotic expressive vector of ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) gene ,as well as to observe the effects of the transfected pLNCX-ri on the growth of C6 glioma cells.Methods:A segment of RI gene of 1.4 kb was obtained by Nde I/Xho digestion and cloned into pLNCX. Transfective agent and selective antibiotic were lipofect AMINE and G418 respectively. The expression of pLNCX-ri in C6 glioma cells was detected by Western blotting. And SD rats were inoculated by the transfected C6 glioma cells.Results:An eukaryotic expressive vector of RI gene was constructed successfully. RI content was remarkably higher in the transfected cells than that of in the untransfected cells. After SD rats were inoculated by the transfected C6 glioma cells,the tumorigenic time was prolonged, the tumor weight was reduced and the density of tumor vessels was notably decreased. Conclusions:These results indicated that RI gene powerfully inhibited the growth of C6 glioma cells via decreasing tumor vessels formation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of valsartan and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the excretion rate of urinary albumm(UAER) and the clearance of endogenous creatinine(Cr-C) in elderly patients.Methods 120 elderly patients with stage of the 2～3 class hypertension were included.The patients were divided into 3 groups,the valsartan group and the benazpril group and captopril group,the anti-hypertensive effects and UAER and Cr-C were determined before and after the treatment.Results No significantly different anti-hypertensive effects were observed in valsartan,benazpril and captopril.But the effects of UAER,Cr-C in valsartan group had significant changes compared with the other groups,and the three groups had significant differentiation(P

Objective To compare the target dosimetric distribution and clinical outcome in patients with stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods The clinical data of 419 patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC treated with either 3DCRT or IMRT were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,there were 338 male and 81 female patients,and the median age was 63 years (range:32-84 years).There were 340 patients treated with 3DCRT and 79 with IMRT,and the median prescribed dose was 60 Gy (range:50-76Gy).One hundred and forty patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 279 were treated with chemoradiotherapy.The target dosimetric distribution was evaluated with dose-volume histogram (DVH)parameters.The overall survival (OS) rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test.Results When comparing the clinical data,the patients treated with 3DCRT were in older ages,and had advanced N and clinical stages (P =0.01,0.00,and 0.00,respectively).When comparing the target DVH parameters,the patients treated with IMRT had larger planning target volume (PTV) (P =0.01),significantly lower clinical target volume (CTV) D CTV D90,PTV D and PTV V65-V60 (P =0.05-0.01),significantly higher V5-V20 in both lungs,higher esophagus D longer esophagus in the radiation field,higher linear energy transfer between 45 and 55 keV/μm (LET45-LET55),and higher spinal cord Dmean(P =0.03-0.00).The follow-up rate was 97.4％.After radiotherapy,the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates were 65.5％,26.1％,and 18.5％,respectively,and the median survival time was 20 months.There were no significant differences in OS rate and the incidence of acute radiation pneumonitis and radiation esophagitis between patients treated with IMRT and 3DCRT (P =0.06,0.73,0.13).Stratified analysis showed that,when comparing the patients treated with IMRT with those treated with 3DCRT,the survival rate was only lower in male patients,patients in stage T3-T4 or N0-N2,and those without chemotherapy (P =0.04,0.04,0.02,0.00).Conclusions The treatment outcomes of patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC undergoing IMRT and 3DCRT are comparable.IMRT shows a potential dosimetric advantage,but the result needs further investigation.

Objective To explore radiation-induced esophagitis and its related factors in the patients with local advanced non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) which were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). Methods From January 2001 to December 2008, 203 patients who suffered from stageⅢNSCLC were achieved, including 163 males and 40 females, with a median age of 63 years old, while 79 cases were in stageⅢa and 124 in stageⅢb . The equivalent median dose of tumor was 62 Gy( range of 50-78 Gy) . Among them, 74 cases were administered with radiotherapy alone, 45 with sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 87 cases with concurrent radiochemotherapy. Radiation esophagitis was evaluated with RTOG standard. The dosimetric parameters was estimated from dose volume histogrma ( DVH ) . The clinical and dosimetric parameters of radiation esophagitis were evaluated by spearman correlatived univariate and Logistic multivariable analysis. Results After radiotherapy, out of 203 patients, 87 had acute radiation esophagitis(RE), 47 in grade 1, 37 in grade 2, and 3 in grade 3 RE. According to spearman correlatived analysis, the correlatived factors included ages, chemotherapy, GTV, PTV, the mean doses of PTV and lung, the max and mean dose of esophagus, V40 , V45 ,V50 ,V55 ,V60 , length of esophagus( total circumference) treated with 45 Gy ( LETT45 ) , and LETT50 ( r=-0. 162-0. 235,P<0. 05). All the 14 factors had good correlation with RE in univariate analysis. But for other factors,such as gender, site of tumor, smoking, T, N, clinical stage, equivalent dose of tumor, style of radiation, the mean dose of GTV, LETT55 and LETT60 , there were not correlation with ≥grade 2 RE with univariate analysis(r= -0. 106-0. 122, P>0. 05). There were 21 factors, such as gender, age, smoking, clinical stage, site of tumor, chemotherapy, GTV, PTV, mean dose of PTV and lung, max and mean dose of esophagus, V40 -V60 of esophagus, LETT45-60 , incorporated into multivariable analysis, only chemotherapy and V45 of esophagus were independent predicted factors(Wald=4. 626, 9?882, P<0. 05). Conclusions In local advanced NSCLC after 3D-CRT, chemotherapy ( especially concurrent radiochemotherapy) could increase radiation-induced esophagitis. The parameter of DVH could also be used to predict radiation-induced esophagitis, V45 of esophagus may be the most valuable predictor.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Qizhi qushi jianpi prescription in the treatment of chronic synovitis of knee joint in middleaged and elderly patients after debridement under arthroscope. METHODS:A total of 80 mid-dleaged and elderly inpatients with chronic synovitis of knee joint were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and con-trol group,with 40 cases in each group. Clinical efficacy,VAS,swelling score of modified Cincinnati knee joint score system, Lysholm score of knee joint function,the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:Total effective rate of treat-ment group(92.5%)was significantly than that of control group(77.5%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before debride-ment under arthroscope,there was no statistical significance in VAS score of knee joint,swelling score and Lysholm score between 2 groups(P>0.05). On the first day after surgery,VAS score of 2 groups decreased significantly,and there was statistical signifi-cance compared to before surgery (P<0.05). One month after surgery,VAS score of 2 groups decreased significantly,and the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Swelling score of knee joint 1 month after surgery and Lysholm score 3 months after surgery increased significantly in 2 groups,and the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). 5 patients of treatment group suffered from stom-ach discomfort,and the symptom was relieved after adding the ingredient of comforting stomach and removing dampness through diuresis. CONCLUSIONS:Qizhi qushi jianpi prescription is effective for chronic synovitis of knee joint in middleaged and elderly patients after debridement under arthroscope,and can relieve pain, remove swelling and recover knee joint function with good safety.

Objective To explore the prognosis and related factor of esophageal carcinoma with locoregional lymph node metastasis ( N1 ) treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) or intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods From January 2001 to December 2008,60 patients of esophageal carcinoma with localregional lymph node metastasis were treated with 3DCRT and 52 with IMRT.For all patients,dose of tumor was 56 - 70 Gy/28 - 35 fraction/5.6 - 7.0 weeks.Among them,58 cases was treated with chemotherapy including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil;40 with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 18 with sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Results After radiotherapy,the total efficiency rate was 98.2％,96.7％ in 3DCRT and 100％ in IMRT ( x2 =1.77,P =0.184 ).The follow-up rate was 99.1％.The number of patients completed follow-up were 68 and 53,respectively at 2-year and 3-year.The 1 and 3-year overall survival rates were 62.5％,23.7％,respectively; the median survival time was 17 months.The 1and 3-year survival rates and median were 52％,19％ and 12.4 months in 3DCRT and 75％,40％ and 17 months in IMRT,respectively (x2 =4.74,P =0.030).The 1 and 3-year free-recurrence survival rates were 64％,45％ in 3DCRT and 72％,59％ in IMRT ( x2 =2.27,P =0.132),respectively.With uninvariate analysis,for female,ages ≤ 65,tumor located in cervical and upper-thoracic,＞5 cm lesion length in barium esophagogram,≤4 cm the largest diameter of lesion in CT scanning image,T4 stage,or semiliquid or liquid diet before radiotherapy,survival rate were higher in IMRT than in 3DCRT group (x2 =4.63,5.56,7.19,5.08,4.43,4.48,8.25;P=0.031,0.018,0.007,0.025,0.035,0.034,0.004,respectively) ; but for male,ages ＞ 65,tumor located in middle and lower-thoracic,≤5 cm lesion length in barium esophagogram,＞4 cm the largest diameter of lesion in CT scanning image,T1 -3 stage,or normal diet before radiotherapy,chemotherapy and dose of radiotherapy ( ＜66 Gy vs ≥66 Gy),no significant difference were found between IMRT and 3DCRT (x2 =1.28,0.27,0.17,0.03,1.98,0.01,0.43,2.45,1.73,1.24,2.64;P=0.258,0.602,0.684,0.859,0.160,0.973,0.511,0.117,0.189,0.234,0.104,respectively).By Cox multivariable regression,only T stage was independent prognostic factor (x2=9.50,P =0.002 ).Conclusions There was some advantage treated with IMRT compared with 3DCRT in patients of esophageal cancer with locoregional lymph node metastasis,but further prospective clinical study is needed to support the conclusion.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and prognostic factors for stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods From 2000 to 2010,474 patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC undergoing 3DCRT were enrolled as subjects.Those patients,consisting of 382 males and 92 females,had a median age of 63 years.In those patients,211 had stage ⅢA NSCLC and 263 had stage ⅢB NSCLC;165 were treated with radiotherapy alone and 309 with chemoradiotherapy;55 were treated with conventional radiotherapy plus 3DCRT,340 with 3DCRT,and 79 with intensity-modulated radiotherapy;the median equivalent dose was 60 Gy (44-77 Gy).The Kaplan-Meier method,log-rank test,and Cox model were used for survival rate calculation,univariate analysis,and multivariate analysis,respectively.Results The follow-up rate was 96.6％.In all patients,the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 63.0％,24.9％,and 17.8％,respectively;the median survival time was 18 months.The univariate analysis showed that sex,age,immediate response,radiotherapy method,fractionation scheme,chemotherapy,and radiation pneumonitis (RP) were prognostic factors (P=0.004,0.001,0.000,0.007,0.004,0.009,0.049).The multivariate analysis showed that sex,age,immediate response,radiotherapy method,and RP were independent prognostic factors (P=0.006,0.000,0.000,0.003,0.048).Patients with radiation doses of 60-66 Gy had the best prognosis of all.Conclusions In patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC undergoing 3DCRT,female patients,patients at a young age,patients with satisfactory immediate response,patients treated with full-course 3DCRT,and patients with grade 0-1 RP have better prognosis than others.3DCRT combined with chemotherapy improves survival in patients.A radiation dose of 60-66 Gy is recommended.

Objective To assess the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factors in elderly patients with stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).Methods A retrospective analysis of 124 stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients aged 70 or over who had received treatment with 3DCRT was conducted retrospectively in this study.There were 99 male and 25 female patients,with a median age of 74 years(range:70-84).The median dose was 60 Gy(range 50-72 Gy).Eighty-three patients were treated with radiotherapy alone,27 with sequential and 14 with concurrent radiochemotherapy.Results The end date of follow-up was August 30,2013.After 3DCRT,the 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 61.1％,23.8％ and13.2 ％,respectively,and the median survival time was 18 months.Univariate analysis revealed that gender,obstructive pneumonia,dosage,method of therapy and immediate effect were related to OS(x2 =3.957,6.398,7.147,12.307 and 11.035,respectively;P=0.047,0.011,0.008,0.002 and 0.001,respectively).Multi-variable analysis indicated that age,gender,obstructive pneumonia,dosage and method of therapy were independent prognostic factors for OS.The OS time was longer inpatients who were female,aged over 75,with no obstructive pneumonia or dosage≥ 60 Gy.Compared with radiotherapy alone,sequential radiochemotherapy increased OS while concurrent radiochemotherapy decreased OS.Conclusions Sex,age,obstructive pneumonia and dosage affect the survival of elderly stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.Concurrent radiochemotherapy should be considered with caution

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Dexzopiclone orally disintegrating tablets (DODT),and to optimize its formulation.METHODS:Direct powder compression method was used to prepare DODT.Using repose angle of material,disintegration time and taste evaluation as indexes,single factor test was used to screen the types or amount of bulking agent,disintegrating agent,glidant and flavoring agent;using disintegration time as index,orthogonal experiment was applied to optimize the proportion of bulking agent,the amount of disintegrating agent,glidant and flavoring agent.Then the hardness and main component contents of DODT prepared by optimal formulation were determined.RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as the ratio of mannitol-MCC 1 ∶ 4,the amount of disintegrating agent PVPP was 15％,the amount of glidant magnesium stearate was 1.0％,the amount of flavoring agent stevia was 3.0％.Three batches of prepared DODT were smooth in surface and good in taste;their disintegration time were(26.7 ± 1.2),(26.7 ± 0.6),(27.6 ± 0.9)s,hardness were (3.59 ± 0.19),(3.49 ± 0.18),(3.27 ± 0.16) kg,and contents were (99.47 ± 0.15) ％,(99.53 ± 0.05)％,(99.46 ± 0.20) ％,respectively (all RSDs≤0.87％,n=3).CONCLUSIONS:Prepared DODT are all in line with the quality requirements of orally disintegrating tablets.

Background: Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer. Bisphosphonates (BPs) could prevent or delay the development of skeleton-related events (SREs). The present study aimed to identify the clinical features of and treatment strategies for Chinese patients with bone metastases. Methods: Consecutive cancer patients who had bone metastases and received BP treatment were enrolled. A ques-tionnaire was developed to collect the patients’clinical data, as well as information on the diagnosis and manage-ment of bone metastases. Physicians’awareness of the guidelines and knowledge of the application of BP were also assessed. Results: A total of 3223 patients with lung cancer (36.5%), breast cancer (30.9%), prostate cancer (8.5%), and gas-trointestinal cancer (5.7%) were included in this study. The sites of bone metastases were the thoracic spine (56.0 %), lumbar spine (47.1%), ribs (32.6%), and pelvis (23.2%). The SRE frequency was the highest in patients with multiple myeloma (36.6%), followed by those with lung cancer (25.9%), breast cancer (20.2%), prostate cancer (18.2%), and gas-trointestinal cancer (17.3%). Irradiation to the bone was the most frequent SRE (58% in lung cancer patients, 45% in breast cancer patients, and 48% in prostate cancer patients). Our survey also showed that 45.5% of patients received BP within 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases, whereas the remaining 54.5% of patients did not receive BP treatment until at least 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases. The SRE frequency in the former group was significantly lower than that in the latter group (4.0% vs. 42.3%, P < 0.05). In patients with more than 6 months of continuous BP treatment, the mean time to the first SRE was significantly longer than that in patients with less than 6 months of continuous BP treatment (7.2 vs. 3.4 months, P < 0.05). In addition, 12.2% of the physicians were not aware of the efcacy of BP in preventing and delaying SRE. Only half (52.3%) of the physicians agreed that the BP treatment should persist for at least 6 months unless it was intolerable. Conclusions: Our study suggested that prompt and persistent BP treatment was associated with a reduced risk of SREs. However, our survey also revealed that the proper application of BP was not as common as expected in China.