In order to study life science,the cell culture device is the foundation contributing to the research.With the development of technology in the area,cell culture devices have been significantly improved,and different kinds of devices were designed and novel devices also have been invented.This article provides an overview of the history and present situation of the cell culture devices.The future trend is prospected.

Background and purpose: DNA methylation is an important mechanism for regulating gene expression, and plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. Study shows that DNA methylation is a potentially promising biomarker in tumor diagnosis, prognosis as well as treatment selection. This study aimed to analyze the methylation status and assessed possible clinical value of 3 DNA repair genes BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT in breast cancer samples of Chinese women. Methods:Using methylation speciifc PCR (MSP), we analyzed the methylation status of 3 DNA repair genes BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT in 106 paired breast tumors and corresponding normal tissues. Results: The methylation rates of BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT were 24.5% (26/106), 29.2% (31/106) and 18.9%(20/106) in breast cancer tissues, which were higher than those (7.5%, 11.3%and 4.7%) in paired normal breast tissues, respectively (P<0.01). Methylation in at least one of the genes was found in 50.9%(54/106) of the breast cancer and 19.8%(21/106) in paired normal breast tissues. And the mean number of genes hypermethylated in each tumor and paired normal breast tissues were 0.73 and 0.24, respectively (P<0.000 1). The methylation status of BRCA1 was more frequent in the younger patients than in the older patients (P=0.007) and most BRCA1 methylated patients were ER negative (P=0.020). Methylation status of GSTP1 was signiifcantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis (P=0.028 and 0.033, respectively). MGMT methylation was significantly correlated with tumor stage, higher tumor grade and lymph node metastasis (P=0.016, 0.025 and 0.030, respectively). High frequency simultaneous methylation of these 3 genes was more often in those with higher tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (P=0.028 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion:Hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT genes may be linked to various known clinicopathological features of breast cancer in Chinese women, and the increasing multiple gene methylation in tumors may indicate an aggressive phenotype for breast cancer. Detection of the methylation status of these genes may be useful for identifying patients at high risk for breast cancer.

Background and purpose:Aberrant DNA methylation that leads to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes plays important roles in development and progression of breast cancer. Clinically, related gene methylation is considered to be a promising biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the methylation status ofSox17 gene in breast cancer tissue and its corresponding plasma circulating DNA, as well as to investigate its value in breast cancer early diagnosis and prognosis.Methods:TheSox17 gene promoter methylation status was detected by MSP in 86 cases of breast cancer, 36 normal breast tissues and its paired plasma DNA, the results were analyzed with corresponding clinical and pathological features.Results:The frequency ofSox17 gene methylation rate among 86 breast cancer tissues was 77.9%(67/86), and was 61.6%(53/86)in plasma circulating DNA, however, noSox17 gene methylation was found in normal breast tissues.Sox17 gene promoter methylation in plasma circulating DNA was signiifcantly associated with the methylation status in tumor tissues (r=0.502,P=0.000). In breast cancer tissue specimens,Sox17 methylation status was significantly correlated with tumor stage (χ2=6.18,P=0.041) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=13.54,P=0.001);Sox17 gene methylation rate was signiifcantly correlated with tumor stage (χ2=27.06,P=0.000), tumor size (χ2=9.65,P=0.007) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=20.80,P=0.000) in plasma samples, and there was no signiifcant difference ofSox17 gene methylation between patient age, histological grade and ER, PR, HER-2/neu status.Conclusion:Sox17 gene promoter methylation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer, and may be associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. Furthermore, methylatedSox17 gene may be a useful tumor biomarker in plasma circulating DNA for breast cancer detection and disease monitoring.

Indole alkaloid family has been the biggest so far among the various alkaloids,which contains pharmaceutical and effective constituents of various plants featuring diverse biological activities.Thanks to the development of metabonomics,to reveal the biosynthetic pathway of active components for the molecular mechanism of indole alkaloids and the regulation research of plant metabolism present a growing importance and significantly direct the researches of improving biological production.This paper reviewed the biosynthetic pathways of some indole alkaloids in accordance with the structure classification of indole alkaloids to lay a foundation for the further studies on the biosynthetic pathways of indole alkaloids and provide a reference for the biosynthetic pathways of other indole alkaloids.

Objective To explore the risk factors of complicating urogenic sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy(PCNL)and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods The data of 291 patients with stage 1 PCNL in 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from October 2016 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the sepsis group and non-sepsis group according to whether complicating urogenic sepsis after operation.The general data,stone-related data,operation-related data and laboratory detection related data were included.The independent risk factors were screened by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the nomogram prediction model was constructed.Results The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years old(OR=6.438,95％CI:1.548-26.769),urinary leukocyte 3+(OR=5.651,95％CI:1.614-31.766),urinary nitrite positive(OR=7.117,95％CI:1.190-42.561),operation time≥90 min(OR=4.626,95％CI:1.137-18.817)and perfusion volume 30 L(OR=3.312,95％CI:1.090-10.061)were the independent risk factors of postoperative complicating urogenic sepsis.C-index of the constructed nomogram prediction model in the modeling samples was 0.937,the calibrated C-index was 0.914,and the model predictive efficien-cy was good.Conclusion Age ≥60 years old,urinary leukocyte 3+,urinary nitrite positive,operation time 90 min and perfusion volume ≥30 L are the independent risk factors for complicating urogenic sepsis after PCNL;the constructed nomogram prediction model has a good predictive efficiency for the occurrence of post-operative urogenic sepsis.

Objective: We previously found that the incidence of sarcopenia increased with declining glucose metabolism of muscle in patients with treatment-naïve diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and muscle glucometabolism using 18 F-FDG PET/CT at baseline and end-of-treatment, analyze the changes in these parameters through treatment, and assess their prognostic values. Materials and Methods: The records of 103 patients with DLBCL (median 54 years [range, 21–76]; male:female, 50:53) were retrospectively reviewed. Skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebral (L3) level was measured, and skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated to determine sarcopenia, defined as SMI < 44.77 cm 2 /m 2 and < 32.50 cm 2 /m 2 for male and female, respectively. Glucometabolic parameters of the psoas major muscle, including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), were measured at L3 as well. Their changes across treatment were also calculated as ΔSMI, ΔSUVmax, and ΔSUVmean; Δbody mass index was also calculated. Associations between SMI and the metabolic parameters were analyzed, and their associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified. Results: The incidence of sarcopenia was 29.1% and 36.9% before and after treatment, respectively. SMI (P = 0.004) was lower, and sarcopenia was more frequent (P = 0.011) at end-of-treatment than at baseline. The SUVmax and SUVmean of muscle were lower (P < 0.001) in sarcopenia than in non-sarcopenia at both baseline and end-of-treatment. ΔSMI was positively correlated with ΔSUVmax of muscle (P = 0.022). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that sarcopenia at end-of-treatment was independently negatively associated with PFS (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.469 [1.022–5.965]), while sarcopenia at baseline was independently negatively associated with OS (5.051 [1.453–17.562]). Conclusion Sarcopenic patients had lower muscle glucometabolism, and the muscular and metabolic changes across treatment were positively correlated. Sarcopenia at baseline and end-of-treatment was negatively associated with the prognosis of DLBCL.

Strain is the fundamental unit in microbial taxonomy. The functional diversity among strains has great influence on host phenotypes. With the development of microbiome research, knowing the composition and functional capacities of complex microbial communities at the strain level has become increasingly valuable in scientific research and clinical applications. This review introduces the principles of bioinformatics algorithms for strain analysis based on metagenomic data, the applications in microbiome research and directions of future development.
Algorithms ; Computational Biology ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics ; Microbiota/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate several abnormal genes by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in multiple myeloma (MM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and reactive plasmacytosis (RP), and to increase the diagnosis and differential diagnosis levels for these common plasma diseases. 
 METHODS: The clinical manifestations, image and laboratory tests and the FISH detection were retrospectively analyzed in 61 cases of newly diagnosed MM, 20 cases of MGUS and 20 cases of RP from August, 2012 to February, 2015 in the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. 
 RESULTS: Fifty cases among 61 MM patients showed genetic abnormality by FISH technology. The total positive rate was 81.9%. Among them, 19 cases (31.1%) had 1q21 amplification, 18 cases (29.5%) lacked D13S319, 10 cases (16.4%) missed RB1, 10 cases (16.4%) had IGH translocation and 7 cases (11.4%) lacked p53 gene. The positive rate for two or more genes abnormal was 19.8% in 12 cases. However, in 20 cases of MGUS patients, the positive detection rate was 25%, including 4 cases (20%) of 1q21 augmentation and 2 cases (10%) of IGH translocation. There were not two or more abnormal genes in one case. While in RP cases, only 1 case of patients had D13S319 abnormal gene, and the positive rate was only 5%. There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the 3 groups. 
 CONCLUSION The positive detection rate is 81.9% in MM patients by FISH, which is significantly higher than that in patients with MGUS or RP. FISH technology can detect a variety of abnormal genes in MM. It is useful for the differential diagnosis and prognosis for MM, MGUS and RP.
Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance ; Multiple Myeloma ; Paraproteinemias ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic

Objective: To analyze the quadrivalent influenza vaccine intention of 718 health care workers (HCWs) in the Pearl River Delta region from 2015 to 2017. Method: In May 2018, 718 HCWs from the department related to the diagnosis and treatment of influenza in 17 hospitals (6 tertiary hospitals, 5 secondary hospitals and 6 primary hospitals) from Guangzhou, Jiangmen, Zhuhai and Dongguan were selected by using stratified sampling method. Questionnaire survey and face-to-face interview were used to collect the information of influenza vaccination, the intention of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, the acceptance of free and required vaccination policies, and recommendations for increasing influenza vaccination intentions from 2015 to 2017. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with the vaccination intention. Results: A total of 718 HCWs were surveyed and 147 of them were interviewed face to face. Among them, the vaccination rate of primary hospitals [17.39%(40/230)] was higher than that of other hospitals (χ²=15.80, P<0.05). If the vaccine could be free, 84.82% (609/718) of HCWs would like to be vaccinated. The multivariate logistic regression showed that the factors, HCWs who were aged ≥50 years (OR=3.44, 95%CI:1.43-8.28), worked in department of prevention and health care (OR=2.35, 95%CI:1.16-4.75), learned about the quadrivalent influenza vaccine (OR=2.94, 95%CI:2.08-4.18), knowed that HCWs are priority (OR=2.33, 95%CI:1.56-3.48), and had a history of trivalent influenza vaccination from 2015 to 2017 (OR=4.70, 95%CI:3.08-7.15), were associated with the vaccination intention. Conclusion HCWs in the Pearl River Delta region had weak inclination of getting quadrivalent influenza vaccine. HCWs who were age (≥50 years old), worked in department of prevention and health care, learned about the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, knowed that HCWs are priority, and had a history of trivalent influenza vaccination from 2015 to 2017 were factors positively associated with the vaccination intention.