Objective To establish a quality evaluation method for determination of paris saponinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ in paridis rhizhma by quantitative analysis of multi-components with single-marker (QAMS).Methods An HPLC method and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)were used.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (48:52) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 203 nm and column temperature was 25 ℃.Parissaponin Ⅶ was used as the internal reference substance.The relative correlation factors of parissaponinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ were calculated by standard curve method and QAMS.Results The QAMS method could be used for determination of four saponin components at the same time without significant difference as compared with the results of standard curve method (RSD<2.0%).Conclusion QAMS method is simple and reproducible,which can provide a reference for quality standard revision for paridis rhizhma.

Objective To analyze the outcomes and prognostic factors of esophageal carcinoma treated with three-dimensional eonformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Methods From January 2001 to August 2007, 209 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with 3DCRT were retrospectively analyzed. The local control rotes, the survival rates and the related prognostic factors were evaluated with SPSS 11.5 software. Results The follow-up rate was 98. 1% by December 2008. The number of patients followed up for 1,3, 4 and 5 years was 209,131,95 and 56, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 4-year local control rates were 74. 9%, 50. 4% and 45. 8%, respectively. The 1-, 3-and 4-year overall survival rates were 64. 6%, 30. 8% and 23.6%, respectively, with a median survival time of 18 months. Univariate analysis showed that the significant prognostic factors included the degree of dysphagia, tumor site, lesion length in barium esophagogram and CT image, the largest diameter of lesion in CT image, T stage, N stage, clinical TNM stage, short term effect, and degree of acute esophagitis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the degree of dysphagia, primary tumor site, clinical stage, and radiotherapy technique (3DCRT or late half course 3DCRT) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Three-dimensional conformai radiotherapy is effective and feasible in the treatment of esophageal cancer. The degree of dysphagia, primary tumor site, and clinical stage are independent prognostic factors for survival of patients treated with 3DCRT.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Zhanjinhuoxue Formula combined with the tower-type pad natural traction for the treatment of pure thoracolumbar compression fracture.Methods Fifty patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures treated in our hospital from January to December 2014 were selected and divided into the observation group(n=25) and control group(n=25).The control group was given the tower-type natural traction method,while the observation group was given Zhanjinhuoxue Formula combined with the tower-type pad natural traction method.The curative effect,pain score,activity ability score,analgesic drugs score,bone mineral density (BMD) and the Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA) score were compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate was 92.00％ in the observation group and 68.00％ in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =4.50,P＜0.05).The pain score,activity ability score and analgesic drugs score after 6-month treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05);the BMD and JOA scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Condusion Zhanjinhuoxue Formula coordinated by the tower-type pad natural traction method can conduce to alleviate the pain symptom in the patients with pure thoracolumbar compression fracture,increases the movement function and improves the treatment effect.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.

OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation of inorganic elements and active ingredients in Paris polyphylla. METH-ODS:HPLC was adopted for contents determination of polyphyllinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ:the column was Phenomenex C18 with mo-bile phase of acetonitrile-water(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 203 nm,and column tem-perature was 30 ℃. ICP-MS was adopted for contents determination of Na,Mg,K,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn,Se,Sr,Mo,Pb, Cd,Hg,Cu and As:RF power was 1.55 kW,sampling depth was 10 mm,the plasma gas flow was 15.0 ml/min,carrier gas flow rate was 0.86 L/min,spray chamber temperature was 2 ℃,helium collision mode was He,gas flow was 4.5 ml/min,measurement points/peak was 6,sampling mode was hopping peak collection(repeated 3 times). And SPSS 21.0 software was adopted for step-wise regression analysis of correlation between the two above-mentioned. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.939-4.697 μg(r=0.999 8)for polyphyllinⅠ,1.124-5.620 μg(r=0.999 6)polyphyllinⅡ,0.784-3.918 μg for polyphyllin Ⅵ,0.976-4.880 μg for poly-phyllinⅦ.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%,recoveries were 96.53%-100.71%(RSD=1.69%,n=6) for polyphyllinⅠ,98.19%-99.55%(RSD=0.58%,n=6) forⅡ,95.45%-100.83%(RSD=1.87%,n=6) for poly-phyllin Ⅵ,96.11%-102.01%(RSD=2.07%,n=6)for polyphyllin Ⅶ . The linear range was 0-195.984 3 mg/kg(r≥0.999 3),de-tection limit was no higher than 65.201 ng/kg. PolyphyllinⅠshowed positive correlation with Mg and negative correlation with Pb;polyphyllin Ⅱ showed positive correlation with Cu and negative correlation with As;polyphyllin Ⅵ showed positive correlation with Sr and Hg and negative correlation with Mn;polyphyllin Ⅶ showed positive correlation with Na and Ni and negative correla-tion with As;the total contents of the 4 polyphyllins showed positive correlation with Ni and Sr and negative correlation with Fe. CONCLUSIONS:The contents of inorganic elements and P. polyphylla have certain correlation with active ingredient.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of diosgenin in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and compare the contents in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis among different habitats. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Intersil ODS-C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(92∶8,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wave-length was 203 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of diosgenin was 0.539-13.475 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all no more than 1.92%;average recov-ery was 98.48%(RSD=1.21%,n=6). The contents of diosgenin in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis from 14 different habitats were in the range of 3.869 4-21.074 7 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS:The method is fast,simple,accurate and reliable,and can be used to de-termine the content of diosgenin in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The diosgenin content can be greatly affected by habitat and envi-ronmental factors. P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis shows certain region-and habitat-dependent.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, therapeutic effects and normal tissue complications of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for loco-regionally recurrent esophageal cancer after initial radiotherapy. Methods Between March 2001 and May 2007, 42 patients with loco-reigonal recurrent esophageal cancer after initial radiotherapy were treated with 3DCRT, including 27 male and 15 female with a median age of 67.5 years. Radiotherapy was delivered at 1.8 -2.0 Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week, with a median total dose of 54 Gy. Treatment outcomes and normal tissue complications were assessed with WHO and RTOG/EORTC criteria. Results By December 31,2008, the follow-up rate was 100%. Twenty patients had follow-up time of 1 year and the remaining 22 had 2 years. The clinical symptom relief rate was 60%, and the response rate was 90.5% with a complete remission rate of 17% and partial remission rate of 74%. The overall 1- and 2-year survival (OS) rates were 60% and 24%. Grade 2 and grade 3 acute radiation esophagitis developed in 31% and 5% of the patients, respectively. Grade 2 and grade 3 acute radiation pneumonitis developed in 19% and 2% , respectively. Grade 2 and grade 3 acute radiation hematology toxicities developed in 5% and 2%, respectively. Conclusions For patients with loco-regional recurrences of esophageal cancer after initial radiotherapy, 3DCRT is feasible, with a good clinical symptom relief rate and immediate tumor response. However,the complication rate was high and the clinical indications should be strictly controlled.

Objective To analyze the related factors with radiation-induced esophagitis after threedimensional conformal radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ,in order to explore the predictors for optimizing the treatment planning of NSCLC.Methods From Aug 2000 to Dec 2004,104 NSCLC patients received radiotherapy and were eligible for this study,45 cases squamous cell carcinoma,20 cases adenocarcinoma,33 cases carrying with cancer cells by test and 6 case with no definitive pathologic feature.46 patients were treated with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) ,the other 58 patients conventional radiotherapy (CRT) before later-course 3DCRT.All the patients received the prescribed dose between 60-78 Gy and the median dose 66 Gy.The correlation of the variables were evaluated by Spearman relationship analysis.The morbidity of radiation-induced esophagitis was analyzed by X~2 test.The multivariate effect on radiation-induced esophagitis was statistically processed by Logistic regression model.Results In 104 patients,the morbidity of radiation- induced esophagitis was 46.2% ,including 32 cases at grade 1,15 cases at grade 2,1 case at grade 3.Univariate analysis showed the maximal and mean dose of esophagus,the volume of esophagus irradiated,the values of V_(40) ,V_(45),V_(50) ,V_(55),V_(60) ,LETT_(45),LETT_(50) ,LETT_(55),LETT_(60) for the esophagus were correlated with radiation-induced esophagitis.Logistic regression model showed that the maximum dose received by the esophagus was the independent factor of ≥2 grade radiation-induced esophagitis.Conclusions The maxmal dose of esophagus received might be the important factor of radiation-induced esophagitis.

Objective To explore the prognosis and its related factors of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma. Methods From January 2001 to August 2007, 89 elderly patients aged 65 years or more with esophageal carcinoma were treated with 3D-CRT. And the local control rates, survival rates and its related prognostic factors were evaluated retrospectively, using SSPS11.5 software. Results The 1-, 2-, 3-and 4-year local recurrence-free survival rates were 65.2%, 43.0%, 27.3% and 22.3%, respectively. The 1-,2-, 3-and 4-year overall survival rates were 68.5%, 48.8%, 36.8% and 25.2%, respectively. And the median survival time was 21.5 months. With univariate analysis, the significant prognostic factors included the different diet before radiotherapy (χ~2=6.26, P=0. 012), T stage (χ~2=8. 80, P=0. 003), N stage (χ~2=4.33, P=0. 038), clinical stage (χ~2=7.88, P=0. 005), the largest diameter of tumor in CT scanning image (χ~2=10.88, P=0.004), recent efficacy (χ~2=5.28, P=0. 022) and chemotherapy (χ~2=5.49, P=0.019). And the factors which were not related with prognosis included gender (χ~2=0.74, P=0. 390), age (χ~2=1.89, P=0. 170), lesion length showed by esophageal angiography (χ~2=2. 38, P=0.123), lesion length showed by CT (χ~2=2.69, P=0.101),primary tumor site (χ~2=2.12, P=0. 146), coexistent disease (χ~2=0. 03, P=0. 874), exposure mode (χ~2=0.04, P=0.847) and radiation dose (χ~2=0. 24, P=0. 627). Multivariate analysis revealed that the different diet before treatment (P=0. 002), the clinical stage (P=0. 007) and chemotherapy (P=0. 011) were independent prognostic factors. Radiation induced esophagitis was observed in 20 cases in grade 0, 30 cases in grade 1, 32 cases in grade 2, 7 cases in grade 3. And acute radiation pneumonitis was observed in 89 patients, with 57 in grade 0, 20 in grade 1, 8 in grade 2, 2 in grade 3 and 2 in grade 5. Until the end date of follow-up, 60 patients had died: 29 cases died of local recurrence or uncontrolled disease, 11 cases died of metastasis, 5 cases died of local recurrence with metastasis, and 15 cases died of other reasons. Conclusions 3D-CRT can be considered as an effective and feasible approach for elderly patients with esophageal cancer. The 3D-CRT provides them with less obstruction of diet, early clinical stage and longer survival time. 3D-CRT combined with chemotherapy may improve survival rate.