Objective To compare the value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting fetal spine and spinal cord dysplasia Methods Thirty women with complicated pregnancies,age from 22 to 41 years,gestation from 23 - 38 weeks,were studied with MRI within 72 hours after ultrasound studies and revealed 19 cases of fetal spine with irregular,7 cases of vertebral canal widened partly and 4 cases of anomalies of spinal curvature.Autopsy or imaging was conducted when pregnancy was terminated.A close follow-up was given for cases continuing pregnancy within 12 months after delivery.Results (1)Nineteen cases of fetal spine with irregular in ultrasound,the coincidence of antenatal sonographic diagnosis was 42% (8/19),the coincidence of antenatal MRI diagnosis was 89% (17/19).Seven cases of vertebral canal widened partly in ultrasound,the coincidence of antenatal sonographic diagnosis was 0,the coincidence of antenatal MRI diagnosis was 7/7.Four cases of anomalies of spinal curvature in ultrasound,the coincidence of antenatal sonographic diagnosis was 2/4,the coincidence of antenatal MRI diagnosis was 3/4.(2)By MRI study,one cases were conformed their ultrasound diagnosis,eleven cases were completed their ultrasound diagnosis,nine cases were made the same diagnosis as ultrasound and six cases were corrected diagnosis.By MRI and ultrasound study one case of hemivertebra,one case of butterfly vertebra and one case of dorsal dermal sinus were missed diagnosis.Ultrasond had limits and low specificity especially in fetal spinal cord.Conclusions MRI can show the spinal cord and its lesion intuitively and has advantages in displaying fetal anomaly of spine and spinal cord.MRI is a valuable complement to sonography in difficult cases and diagnostic accuracy can be significantly improved.

Objective To investigate the effects of Cholera Toxin(CTx)on the cAMP level and the survival as well as the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after distal axotomy of the optic nerve.Method After transecting the optic nerve intracranially, CTx was injected intravitreally. Fluorescent retrograde tracing method and TUNEL(TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)technique were used to show the surviving RGCs and the apoptotic cells in the ganglion cell layer. The Brown's radioimmunoassay method was used to measure the cAMP level of the retina. Result The cAMP level of the normal retina was 6.22?2.02pmol/g/retina. The mean density of RGCs in the normal retina was 2 192?66/mm 2 and it decreased to 1 520?116/mm 2、736?39/mm 2 and 466?53/mm 2 at 1W、2W and 3W respectively after distal axotomy. The densities of RGCs in the distal axotomy groups treated with CTx and killed at 1W、2W and 3W were 1 642?122/mm 2、1 091?107/mm 2、 748?35/mm 2 respectively and were significantly higher than those of distal axotomy group without CTx treatment. Conclusions The results show that CTx can elevate cAMP level of the retina and promote the survival of RGCs and inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs after distal axotomy of the optic nerve in adult hamsters.

Objective To investigate the effect of different intestinal cleaning methods on bowel preparation for laparoscopic peritoneal vaginoplasty.Methods One hundred patients undergoing laparoscopic peritoneal vaginoplasty were divided into experiment group and control group with 50 cases in each group .For bowel preparation,the experiment group was managed with oral sodium phosphate salt solution of 45 mL and the control group with oral senna leaf of 30 g in boiled water.The two groups were compared in terms of intestinal cleaning degree,adverse reactions and postoperative exhaust time.Results The incidence of adverse reactions in the former group was significantly lower than the control group.Degree of bowel cleaning satisfaction was significantly better than that of the control group and the postoperative exhaust was significantly earlier than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The method of oral sodium phosphate salt solution for bowel preparation for laparoscopic peritoneal vaginoplasty can improves the intestinal cleanliness,reduce incidence of intestinal adverse reaction and promote postoperative exhaust so that it can improve postoperative intestinal restoration of kinetic energy.

Objective To evaluate the methods and efficacy of microsurgical treatment for the premalignant and malignant lesions of the conjunctiva. Methods Forty-seven patients witn premalignant and malignant lesions of the conjuncitva were managed by microsurgical, these patients include 12 melanoma, 26 squamous cell carcinoma, 6 Bowen’ diseases, 3 primary acquired melanosis. The surgical method differs with limbal tumors, extralimbal tumors, and primary acquired melanosis. Results In all 47 patients, the tumor was completely removed in in one procedure. After follow-up for 4~60 months(mean 17 months), these were no tumor recurrence. Conclusion It is effective methods that premalignant and malignant lesions of the conjunctiva are managed by microsurgical resection, alcohol application, and supplemental cryotherapy. Careful propeirativa clinical evaluation of patient with a conjunctiva neoplasm is important in making the correct diagnosis and planning the surgical approach.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of low field strength MRI in judging the invasion of myometrium of endometrial carcinoma in staging Ⅰ.Methods 32 cases with endometrial carcinoma approved to be clinical staging Ⅰ pathologically were evaluated by MRI before operation.The staging results of MRI were compared with pathologic results and analysed with statistic methods.Results According to 1988 FIGO staging the staging of the lesions was further carried out,including stage Ⅰa in 6,stage Ⅰb in 18 and stage Ⅰc in 8 cases.Compared with pathologic results,the sensitivity and specificity of MR in evaluating myometium invasion were 92% and 83% respectively,the staging accurate rate was 78%.Conclusion The endometrial carcinoma stage Ⅰ can be staged further by low field strength MRI,MRI has significant advantage in estimating the invasion of myometrium.

AIM: To study the effect of p19ARF on the biological behavior of human leukemia cells. METHODS: p19ARF was cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 and transferred into INK4a/ARF locus-deficient leukemia cells HEL and K562. The changes in biological characteristics of the two p19ARF-transfected cells were observed. RESULTS: The growth of the p19ARF-transfected HEL cells was significantly inhibited compared with the vector-transfected cells; Cell cycle analysis showed that the expression of foreign p19ARF gene resulted in G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis cell death in some of HEL cells. However, p19ARF had no marked effects on the growth of K562 cells with p53 gene mutation and did not induce apoptosis in K562 cells. CONCLUSION: p19ARF suppressed the growth of leukemia cells by p53 -dependent pathway.

Objective To analyze and consider the design for nursing English course through the investigation of demands for nursing English in 6 domestic high-end medical institutions.Methods Firstly,a face-to-face discussion was held with 10 experts in nursing management from above-mentioned institutions,field notes were made and themes were refined afterwards.Then,111 nurses were investigated in the 6 hospitals using purposive sampling method by filling questionnaire.Results In the teaching content,77 kinds of diseases were involved,including 27 most common ones; on the aspect of teaching methods and skills,90.1％ of the nurses recommended situational dialogue,72.1％ in favor of case teaching,92.8％ believed that nursing English course should cultivate students' communication skills; Its teaching emphasis in turn included vocabulary,communication capability,nursing knowledge (89.2％,88.3％,73.0％).Conclusions The objective of nursing English course should focus on cultivating nurse students' applied capability including listening,reading,speaking and written English.The textbook of nursing English should be written based on the characteristics of common diseases in the hospital stressing on nursing knowledge,vocabulary and communication skills.Teaching method of nursing English should consider the situational teaching model in hospital nursing English.

Objective To discuss the changes of correlative ultrasonic parameter index of normal hips and abnormal hips with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) in infants of different months in order to provide objective information for the diagnosis. Methods Three-hundred and seventy-eight normal hips and 244 hips with DDH among 622 hips of 311 infants were detected by ultrasonography(US). The morphology and structure information of hips were observed, and the values of ultrasonic parameter index,including angle α,angle 3, acetabular index( AI), femoral head percentage of cover(FHC) of normal hips and abnormal hips were measured. The values of each parameter index were collected by being divided into different groups (3 months a group) ,then the correlation was analyzed. Results Morphology and structure,position relation between femoral head and acetabulum of the hips were demonstrated by US. Normal or abnormal hips,the degrees of abnormal hips and the types of hips could be judged according to the findingsof US. Analysis of values of parameter index of normal hips:①There was significantly statistical significance in the values of ultrasonic parameter index, such as angle α, angle β, AI, FHC of normal hip between the groups of different age (P＜0.01). ②There was correlation between the age and the values of each parameter index, among which angle α, FHC had positive correlations with age ( r = 0. 537, 0. 554,respectively ) while angle β and Al negative correlations ( r = -0. 465, -0.424, respectively ). ③There was correlation between the values of different parameter index. Both angle β and AI had negative correlation with angle α,among which the latter correlation was closely ( r = - 0. 794). No statistical significance was found between the ultrasonic values of each group under different ages of different type abnormal hips( P ＞0.05) ,but closely negative correlations still existed between angle α and AI. ConclusionsUS can be viewed as an early definite and a screening method of diagnosing DDH.For older infants (above 6 months) it will be more accurate to analyze the ultrasonic parameter index together with the age of infants.

Objective To explore the value of MRI in detecting the corpus callosum agenesis suspected by US.Methods 19 women with complicated pregnancies,aged from 20 to 37 years(average 28 years) and with gestation from 20 to 38weeks(average 29 weeks) were studied with a 1.5 T superconductive MR unit within 24 hours after ultrasound examinations and suspected with fetal corpus callosum agenesis.T2WI and T1WI were performed using HASTE and FLASH,respectively.The features of MRI and ultrasound were compared with that of autopsy or follow-up outcome.Results Of the 19 fetus,14 cases with fetal corpus callosum,3 cases with mild enlargement of lateral cerebral ventricle and 2 cases with leukodystrophy were confirmed by MRI.Of them,accompained with Dandy-Walker syndrome in one and lipoma of corpus callosum in one.One case of Dandy-Walker syndrome and microcephalus respectively missed by US was detected by MRI.Conclusion MRI is superior in displaying fetal corpus callosum agenesis than ultrasound,which is helpful in conforming the diagnosis of fetal corpus callosum,classification and additional cerebral anomalies.

AIM: To study the effects of over-expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates transporter NaDC3 (high affinity sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter) on energy metabolism and ROS generation in human renal tubular cells. METHODS: Recombinant retrovirus vector containing NaDC3 gene was constructed and used for infecting human renal tubular epithelial cell HKC. Control vector containing Neo gene was also constructed and infected cells. Liquid scintillation method was used to determine the level of [~3H]-succinate (as a transport substrate of NaDC3) in the cells. Clark electrode method and reverse phase HPLC were used to detect oxygen consumption and ATP content intracellularly, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in HKC were determined with laser confocal microscope after treatment with fluorescent probe JC-1 and CM-H_2DCFDA, respectively. RESULTS: Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of NaDC3 protein in uninfected- and control vector-infected cells was at lower level. After infection with recombinant NaDC3 vector, expression level of NaDC3 protein in HKC cells was increased markedly. Transport assay revealed that the level of [~3H]-succinate in NaDC3-infected cells was noticeably increased. Oxygen consumption and ATP content in NaDC3-infected HKC were significantly higher than those in uninfected- and control vector-infected cells. Laser confocal analysis revealed that mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS level in NaDC3-infected HKC were increased, compared with uninfected- and control vector-infected cells. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of NaDC3 accelerates the speed rate of energy metabolism and increases intracellular ROS generation by transporting an overdose of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in human renal tubular epithelial cells.