OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of diosgenin in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and compare the contents in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis among different habitats. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Intersil ODS-C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(92∶8,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wave-length was 203 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of diosgenin was 0.539-13.475 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all no more than 1.92%;average recov-ery was 98.48%(RSD=1.21%,n=6). The contents of diosgenin in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis from 14 different habitats were in the range of 3.869 4-21.074 7 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS:The method is fast,simple,accurate and reliable,and can be used to de-termine the content of diosgenin in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The diosgenin content can be greatly affected by habitat and envi-ronmental factors. P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis shows certain region-and habitat-dependent.

Objective To study whether placenta previa and type affect the body mass of newborns and increase the occurrence rate of small for gestational age (SGA).Methods The clinical data in 290 inpatients with placenta previa in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed;contemporaneous 290 inpatients with non-placenta previa were randomly selected as the control group.The influences of placenta previa and type on fetal gestational weeks,neonatal body mass and SGA were comparatively analyzed by using the standard t test or Chi-square tests.The Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the association between placenta previa and the adverse pregnancy outcomes.Results Compared with non-placenta previa group,the age in the patients with placenta previa was elder(30.9 ±4.6 vs.29.1 ± 4.0,P＜0.01),had more gravidas (3.2 ± 1.8 vs.2.2±1.4,P＜0.01) and parities (1.4+0.7 vs.1.1±0.6,P＜0.01),lower pregnant weeks at birth (37.7±1.7 vs.39.0± 1.5,P＜0.01).The neonatal body masses in the complete placenta previa and dangerous placenta previa were (3 038.1 ± 450.0)g and (2 940.9 ± 503.0)g respectively,which were on the significantly lower side compared with the non-placenta previa group(P＜ 0.05).After correcting the risk factors of ages,gravidas,parities,GDM and gestation weeks,the risk of complete and dangerous placenta previa was slightly higher[OR 1.21,95％CI(0.29,6.02);OR 2.25,95％CI(0.88,5.77)],but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Complete and dangerous placenta previa has a higher risk of SGA.

Objective To investigate the anatomical relation between Zuckerkandl's tubercle and recurrent laryngeal nerve and the superior parathyroid glands anatomy in endoscopic thyroidectomy.Methods From Jul.2012 to Jun.2014 implementation of the 120 cases of endoscopic thyroid surgery (at least one side of the line lobectomy) intraoperative Zuckerkandl tubercle of the presence, all the patients from Subei People's Hospital and location of the relationship between anatomy recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid glands.Zuckerkandl tubercle identified by intraoperative recunent laryngeal nerve to expose and superior parathyroid glands.Results Zuckerkandl tubercle appear in the vast majority of cases: on the left is 86％ (51/59), 88％ in the right side (65/74), most of superior parathyroid glands were located on the top of Zuckerkandl tubercle.Looking for recurrent laryngeal nerve by Zuckerkandl tubercle method is more direct, can reduce surgical bleeding and shmten the operation time.Conclusion Recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid glands and have close anatomical relationship with Zuckerkandl tubercle.In endoscopic thyroidectomy by intraoperative discern Zuckerkandl tubercle can better avoid injury recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid glands.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of heat-clearing and dampness-removing therapy combined with Bifico for ulcerative colitis ( UC) induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS), and to explore its influence on tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) and interleukin-10 ( IL-10) in rats. Methods Forty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly randomized into five groups, namely normal control group, model group, Bifico (175 mg/kg) group, Chinese medicine group(enema with Changdiqing 3.6/kg and oral use of Changyanling Recipe l) , and Chinese medicine plus Bifico group. After treatment, the damage of colonic mucous membrane was evaluated, and expression levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in colonic mucosa were observed through immunohistochemical assay. Results The degree of colonic mucosal injury was severer and the inflammation was more obvious in the model group than those in the normal control groups ( P<0.01) , and the above changes were relieved to various degrees in the medication group ( P<0.01 compared with those in the model group) . Chinese medicine plus Bifico group had better effect on reducing colonic mucosa damage index ( CMDI) and inflammation, and on promoting the healing of colonic mucosa than Bifico group and Chinese medicine group (P<0.05 ) . The expression level of TNF-α in the colonic mucosa was markedly increased while that of IL-10 was markedly decreased in the model group ( P<0.01 compared with those in the normal control group) . The medication groups could counteract the above changes in the colonic mucosa ( P<0.01 compared with those in the model group) . The combination group and Chinese medicine group had better effect on decreasing TNF-α expression level and on increasing IL-10 expression level than Bifico group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion IL-10 and TNF-α play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of ulcerative colitis. Chinese medicine combined with Bifico has satisfactory therapeutic effect on UC rats, and its mechanism may be related with the increase of IL-10 expression level and with the decrease of TNF-α expression level.

Ribosomes are abundant,large RNA-protein complexes that are the sites of all protein synthesis in cells.Defects in ribosomal proteins(RPs),including proteoforms arising from genetic variations,alternative splicing of RNA transcripts,post-translational modifications and alterations of protein expression level,have been linked to a diverse range of diseases,including cancer and aging.Comprehensive character-ization of ribosomal proteoforms is challenging but important for the discovery of potential disease biomarkers or protein targets.In the present work,using E.coli 70S RPs as an example,we first developed a top-down proteomics approach on a Waters Synapt G2 Si mass spectrometry(MS)system,and then applied it to the HeLa 80S ribosome.The results were complemented by a bottom-up approach.In total,50 out of 55 RPs were identified using the top-down approach.Among these,more than 30 RPs were found to have their N-terminal methionine removed.Additional modifications such as methylation,acetylation,and hydroxylation were also observed,and the modification sites were identified by bottom-up MS.In a HeLa 80S ribosomal sample,we identified 98 ribosomal proteoforms,among which multiple truncated 80S ribosomal proteoforms were observed,the type of information which is often overlooked by bottom-up experiments.Although their relevance to diseases is not yet known,the integration of top-down and bottom-up proteomics approaches paves the way for the discovery of proteoform-specific disease biomarkers or targets.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Dexzopiclone orally disintegrating tablets (DODT),and to optimize its formulation.METHODS:Direct powder compression method was used to prepare DODT.Using repose angle of material,disintegration time and taste evaluation as indexes,single factor test was used to screen the types or amount of bulking agent,disintegrating agent,glidant and flavoring agent;using disintegration time as index,orthogonal experiment was applied to optimize the proportion of bulking agent,the amount of disintegrating agent,glidant and flavoring agent.Then the hardness and main component contents of DODT prepared by optimal formulation were determined.RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as the ratio of mannitol-MCC 1 ∶ 4,the amount of disintegrating agent PVPP was 15％,the amount of glidant magnesium stearate was 1.0％,the amount of flavoring agent stevia was 3.0％.Three batches of prepared DODT were smooth in surface and good in taste;their disintegration time were(26.7 ± 1.2),(26.7 ± 0.6),(27.6 ± 0.9)s,hardness were (3.59 ± 0.19),(3.49 ± 0.18),(3.27 ± 0.16) kg,and contents were (99.47 ± 0.15) ％,(99.53 ± 0.05)％,(99.46 ± 0.20) ％,respectively (all RSDs≤0.87％,n=3).CONCLUSIONS:Prepared DODT are all in line with the quality requirements of orally disintegrating tablets.

Cervical lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer is closely related to the disease recurrence and prognosis of patients. Accurate judgment of lymph node metastasis is vital for tumor stage and treatment in patients with thyroid cancer, which can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. However, preoperative detection of cervical lymph node metastasis is the key points and difficulties in individualized treatment of thyroid cancer. Currently, fine needle aspiration washout fluid thyroglobulin is often used to assess cervical lymph node metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer preoperatively, and it has a higher diagnostic efficacy. The continuous exploration and application of tumor markers and emerging biomarkers have provided new perspectives for the preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer. As a new non-invasive detection technique, liquid biopsy is convenient to obtain samples and has broad clinical application in early diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer. In addition, the analysis and application of liquid biopsy biomarkers will help the development of clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies, and provide the possibility of early precision therapy for thyroid cancer patients. This review summarizes current research surrounding the molecular markers related to cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer.

Strain is the fundamental unit in microbial taxonomy. The functional diversity among strains has great influence on host phenotypes. With the development of microbiome research, knowing the composition and functional capacities of complex microbial communities at the strain level has become increasingly valuable in scientific research and clinical applications. This review introduces the principles of bioinformatics algorithms for strain analysis based on metagenomic data, the applications in microbiome research and directions of future development.
Algorithms ; Computational Biology ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics ; Microbiota/genetics*

Homeostasis ; Taste/physiology* ; Zinc