OBJECTIVETo evaluate the orthopedic effect of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) devices on the palatal deformities in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP) patients.

METHODSThree groups with 19 patients each were studied. All samples in groups A and B were non-syndromic UCCLP children. Group A was treated with PNAM prior to operation. Group B was untreated prior to operation. Samples in group C were normally developed nose and lip palate infants aged three months. The orthotopic palate photos before and after PNAM treatment for group A, as well as pre-operative photos of groups B and group C, were taken and measured. All statistics were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

RESULTSPNAM treatment significantly increased the AW, AC, and PA of UCCLP patients (P < 0.05), whereas CPW, CWA, CWAS, CWAH, PMD, and CA significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed with the cases in group C (P < 0.05). The AW, CPW, CA, and PA of the patients in group B significantly increased compared with the cases in group A before PNAM treatment (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that TW had no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPNAM treatment is a non-surgical early treatment for the effective improvement of palatal primary deformities in UCCLP patients.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that proliferation of cancer cells can be inhibited via RNA interference on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, few studies report RNA interference on the expression of VEGF in gallbladder carcinoma, OBJECTIVE: To design and screen shRNA targeting VEGF, and to observe the effect of small interfering RNA targeting on proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells. METHODS: The VEGF-shRNA fragment was synthetized and connected with pCYU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA plasmid vector, shRNA was transfected into gallbladder cancer cells. The gallbladder carcinoma models of nude mice were prepared and randomly divided into blank control, negative control and experimental groups, With 6 animals in each group. ShRNA was injected into tumor. Cell growth was detected by fluorescence microscope MTT. The RNA interference efficiency was examined by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Changes of tumor volume were also observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gallbladder cancer cells ware shrunk with round shapes and a part of cells were dead after RNA interference on VEGF. shRNA-VEGF1 and shRNA-VEGF2 could signiticently inhibit mRNA gene expression of VEGF, the inhibition ratio was 86% and 82%, respectively. The tumor volume of the experimental group was smaller than the other groups, with slowly growth (P < 0.05). No obvious changes were found in the blank control and negative control groups. The constructed hVEGF-shRNA vector markedly decreases VEGF gene expression and inhibits cellular proliferation, eventually, to treat gallbladder cancer.

Objective To understand the characteristics and regularity of child oral mucosal diseases in Chongqing by analyzing its related factors so as to provide a reference for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 3792 children with oral mucosal diseases in the stomatology department of our hospital from January to December 2015 were taken as the research subjects for analyzing the disease entities,gender,age,onset time.Results Among 3 792 cases,15 kinds of oral mucosal diseases were recorded.The top five places of prevalence rates were herpetic stomatitis (42.67 ％),oral candidiasis(23.36 ％),traumatic ulcer(14.82 ％),recurrent aphthous ulcer (8.81％) and migratory glossitis (8.65％).Conclusion The clinical characteristics of child oral mucosal diseases are complex and various,and the onset age and time have a certain rule,which indicates that early diagnosis and treatment are very important to prognosis.

Objective:To explore the application value of microsurgical tethered cord release in children with tethered cord syndrome under perioperative electro-neurophysiology monitoring.Methods:Ninety-six patients with tethered cord syndrome accepted tethered cord release in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were chosen in our study; perioperative electro-neurophysiology monitoring was performed to evaluate whether there was neurological impairment. The surgical results, neuroelectrophysiological monitoring results, and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In these 96 patients, symptoms disappeared in 45 patients, improved in 34, not improved in 10, worsened in 3, and tethered again in 4 patients, with a total effective rate of 82.6%. No death was noted. Preoperative neuroelectrophysiological monitoring showed abnormal sensory and motor functions of lower limbs in 40 patients, and postoperative monitoring showed abnormal sensory and motor functions of lower limbs in 6 patients. Follow up was performed for an average of 13 months; symptoms improved in 79 patients, stabilized in 10 patients, and aggravated in 7 patients.Conclusion:In children with tethered cord syndrome, tethered cord release should be performed as soon as possible regardless of early neurological injury; perioperative electro-neurophysiology monitoring can protect spinal cord function, prevent nerve function injury, improve the surgical safety and improve the prognosis of these children.

Objective To evaluate the orthopedic effect of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) devices on the palatal deformities in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP) patients. Methods Three groups with 19 patients each were studied. All samples in groups A and B were non-syndromic UCCLP children. Group A was treated with PNAM prior to operation. Group B was untreated prior to operation. Samples in group C were normally developed nose and lip palate infants aged three months. The orthotopic palate photos before and after PNAM treatment for group A, as well as pre-operative photos of groups B and group C, were taken and measured. All statistics were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results PNAM treatment significantly increased the AW, AC, and PA of UCCLP patients (P<0.05), whereas CPW, CWA, CWAS, CWAH, PMD, and CA significantly decreased (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed with the cases in group C (P<0.05). The AW, CPW, CA, and PA of the patients in group B significantly increased compared with the cases in group A before PNAM treatment (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that TW had no statistically significant diffe-rence among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion PNAM treatment is a non-surgical early treatment for the effective improvement of palatal primary deformities in UCCLP patients.

Objective: To investigate the outbreak of mumps in a remote village school of Zhaoqing City, to evaluate and vaccine effectiveness ( VE ) of mumps containing vaccine (MuCV), so as to provide reference for the formulation of epidemic prevention and control strategies. Methods: Through on site case investigations and interviews, case data and epidemic related epidemiological information were obtained. Descriptive and retrospective cohort studies were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, explore risk factors, and evaluate the protective effect of vaccines. Results: Totally 166 cases of mumps were found, and all of them were students. The total attack rate was 7.79% and the outbreak lasted for 60 days. The first case occurred on October 11th and the last case occurred on December 9th in 2018. Most of the cases aged from 10 to 13 years old, accounting for 66.27%. There were 96 male patients and 70 female patients, with no statistically significant sex difference in the incidence rate ( χ 2=2.40, P >0.05). Involving 28 classes, 11 of which had an incidence rate more than 10%, mainly distributed in grades 2, 4 and 6. There were statistically significant differences in incidence rates among different grades ( χ 2=96.89, P <0.01) and different floors ( χ 2=67.35, P < 0.01 ), with the third floor higher than the other floors. Twelve out of 58 boarding pupils were cases, and boarding pupils were 1.89 times higher in risk of contracting mumps than day students ( RR=1.89, 95%CI =1.10-3.23). Pupils without being given the shot of MuCV were higher in the infection rate than those having the shot ( χ 2=5.70, P <0.05), and the VE % was 35% (95% CI = 7%- 55%). The VE % of one dose was 34% (4%-54%), while the effectiveness of protection was declined with time ( χ 2 trend =6.53, P < 0.05). The effectiveness of vaccine almost diasappeared six years after the shot ( χ 2=1.12, P >0.05). Conclusion Delayed case report and isolation, low rate of receiving MuCV, and decreasing effectiveness of one shot MuCV are closely assocaited with the outbreak and ongoing spread of the epidemic.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.