Abtract:Purpose To analyze epidemiological characteristics and pathological types of 1 645 renal biopsies in Jiangsu province. Methods The reports of 1 654 percutaneous renal biopsies performed from January 2009 to June 2013 were retrospectively analysed . Results 1 597 out of 1 645 renal patients were successfully biopsied with a success rate of 97. 1%. Primary glomerular diseases ac-counted for 78. 56% of the total patients, secondary glomerular diseases 18. 71%. IgA nephropathy and mesangial proliferative lession accounted for high percent of primary glomerular diseases. Lupus nephritis was the most frequent pathologic type of secondary glomeru-lar diseases, followed by allergic purpura nephritis and diabetic nephropathy. Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and hyperten-sive renal injury were more common in the Southern than in the Northern Jiangsu province, while acute tubular necrosis and allergic purpura nephritis were less in the Southern Jiangsu province. Conclusions Primary glomerular disease is still the most frequent glo-merular diseases in Jiangsu province, among which the IgA nephropathy was predominated. In secondary glomerular disease, lupus ne-phritis is the most frequent pathological type. The incidences of kidney diseases have geographical variation.

To obtain an ideal recombinant C-terminal fragment of the merozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum in the Pichia pastoris expression system, the major surface protein-119 (MSP-119) gene sequence bearing the 6-his gene was inserted into expression vector pPIC9k and the target gene was transformed to the susceptible yeast cells GS115 by using electroporation. The multiple inserts were screened and the successfully expressed MSP-119 protein with the relative molecular weight of 12kDa in the supernatants of cell cultures could be detected by SDS-PAGE. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis also demonstrated that this protein reacted with mouse anti-MSP-119 monoclonal antibody, and the expression level of MSP-119 was more than 1.0 g/L. It is concluded that this recombinant protein expressed in the Pichia pastoris expression system resembles the native proteins existed.

Objective To investigate the influence of albumin on the expression of angiotensin-eonverting enzyme (ACE) in cultured human proximal tubular ceils (HK-2). Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to 2.5, 5, 10 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 6 h and 12 h respectively. The expression of ACE in HK-2 cells was detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Compared to the control group, the expression of HK-2 cells ACE mRNA treated for 12 h with different concentrations of BSA (2.5, 5, 10 g/L) significantly increased (P

Objective To investigate the effect of albumin on expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in tubular epithelial cells.Methods Thirty mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) patients with different levels of proteinuria were selected, and their renal biopsy samples were stained by PAS and Masson to observe tubular epithelial cells injury and inflammatory cells infiltration.NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as different inflammatory cells, were detected by immunohistostaining.In vitro, Western blotting and real-time PCR were employed to detect NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA in HK-2 cells stimulated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) (20 g/L).Results In MsPGN patients with high levels of proteinuria, there were obvious renal tubular epithelial cell injury and inflammatory cells infiltration (all P ＜ 0.05), and the expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were up-regulated compared to patients with low levels of proteinuria (all P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore, IL-1β and IL-18expressions were positively correlated with the degree of proteinuria (r=0.836, P ＜ 0.05;r=0.901, P ＜0.05).NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA were significantly increased in HK-2cells stimulated by BSA compared to the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Albumin is able to induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tubular epithelial cells, which may be the mechanism of tubulointerstitial injury and inflammation caused by proteinuria.

Objective To study the relationship between gastroesophageal varices and bleeding and portal venous tumor thrombi in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods From Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2003, 84 HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombi were divided into Ⅰ～Ⅳ groups according to Ⅰ～Ⅳ types of tumor thrombi. The grade of gastroesophageal varices, the median survival time and the death cause for group Ⅰ～Ⅳ were retrospectively analyzed. Results Mild grade of gastroesophageal varices accounted for 64.7%, 6.0%, 85.7%,100%, respectively in group Ⅰ(n=17), Ⅱ(n=26),Ⅲ( n=35) and group Ⅳ(n=6),respectively. Severe varices were found in less than 5% in all four groups. The median survival periods were 10.1, 7.2, 5.7 and 3.0 months, respectively (P=0.0001). Most cases died from esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding and hepatic failure, with each accounting for about 50% of the mortality in all the 4 groups. Conclusions Portal venous tumor thrombi of HCC patients was not the major cause leading to esophageal and gastric varices and bleeding.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of oxysophoridine (OSR) on the EEG and its power spectrum of reticulum formation in mesencephalon of anaesthetized rat.

METHODUtilizing the technique of brain stereotactic apparatus, electrodes were implanted into reticulum formation of mesencephalon. Monopolar lead and computerized FFT technique were employed to record and analyse the index of EEG, power spectrum and frequency distribution in order to study the effect of oxysophoridine on the bioelectricity change of mesencephalon reticulum formation in rats.

RESULTAfter administrating(icy) with oxysophoridine at the dose of 2.5,5, 10 mg/rat, the EEG of mesencephalon reticulum formation mainly characterized with low amplitude and slow waves accompanied by spindle-formed sleeping waves with a significant decrease of total power of EEG (P < 0.05) while the ratio of theta, alpha waves increased in total frequency of rats (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOxysophoridine possesses central inhibitory effects and its inhibitory mechanism may associate with the reduction of bioelectricity in mesencephalon reticulum formation. Mesencephalon reticulum formation may serve as one part of the structure serving as the circuit conducting the central inhibitory effect of oxysophoridine. [Key words] oxysophoridine; reticulum formation; electroencephalogram (EEG) ; rats

Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; drug effects ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reticular Formation ; drug effects ; physiology

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hybrid operation suite in the treatment of cerebral and spinal vascular diseases and intracranial hypervascular tumors. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 132 patients with various cerebral and spinal vascular diseases and intracranial hypervascular tumors who were treated by hybrid surgery at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital from October 2016 to December 2017.There were 70 male and 62 female patients with a mean age of 48.33 years (range: 14-78 years), including 64 cases of intracranial aneurysm (41 complicated aneurysm cases), 28 cases of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), 12 cases of hypervascular tumor, 12 cases of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), 6 cases of carotid artery stenosis, 5 cases of Moyamoya disease, 3 cases of intracranial aneurysm or BAVM combined with tumor, 1 case of scalp arteriovenous fistula and 1 case of critical brain trauma in which a foreign metal stick approached the basal vascular circuit.Abnormalities were found in 16 cases in intraoperative angiography. The clinical data of all patients was collected as a perspective cohort. The success rate of hybrid surgery, intra-operative and post-operative complications, morbidity, mortality, rate of infection, the length of hospital stay were all analyzed to illustrate the effect of hybrid operation mode to traditional surgical pattern. Results: For 64 cases with intracranial aneurysms, the immediate complete occlusion rate was 90.5%, with a mortality of 4.7% and a morbidity of 14.0%. For 28 cases of BAVM and 12 cases of DAVF, all patients achieved total obliteration and favorable social independent outcomes after hybrid surgery, with no complication.For 6 cases of carotid artery stenosis and 5 cases of Moyamoya, intra-operative confirmed good cerebral reperfusion without any new post-operative neurologic deficits. After tumor vessels embolization, 4 out of 12 cases of hypervascular tumor needed intra-operative blood transfusion, and all patients achieved total tumor resection in a single stage. Only one patient with medulla oblongata hemangioblastoma died 6 months after operation due to respiratory deficit related pneumonia. Compared to traditional surgeries, the hybrid operation pattern did not significantly increase the total infection rate, central nervous system infection rate, hospital stay days and post-operative hospital stay days (all P>0.05) while the in-patient cost increased mildly (119 332 yuan vs.98 215 yuan, t=2.38, P=0.02). Conclusions The operations of complex cerebral and spinal vascular diseases and intracranial hypervascular tumors can be performed in hybrid operation suite safely.This surgical mode can ensure the quality of operation and promote the development of innovative and complicated surgical procedures.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic rate, safety and clinical application of percutaneous renal masses biopsy for advanced renal cell carcinoma patients.Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected the data of renal masses from the patients who underwent renal masses biopsy under ultrasound from April 2001 to December 2014 in Peking University First Hospital.A total of 75 patients who were undiagnosed or diagnosed with advanced renal cell carcinoma by the imageological method were enrolled in this study.The patient and lesion characteristics such as tumor size, pathology of tumor, histologic subtype, pathological grade, biopsied location and biopsied cores were recorded and analyzed.Results: Among all the 75 patients, biopsy was diagnostic in 64 cases (85.3%) and non-diagnostic in 11 cases (14.7%).Of the 64 diagnostic biopsies, 60 were malignant, including 37 (61.7%) renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 13 (21.7%) urothelial carcinoma and 10 (16.7%) other malignant masses.Of all the RCC subjects, 24 suffered from clear cell RCC, 5 papillary RCC, 3 collecting duct carcinomas, 1 unclassified RCC and 4 unknown subtypes.The 11 non-diagnostic biopsied samplings included inflammatory, blood and extrarenal tissue and normal renal tissue.The proportion of collecting duct carcinoma in RCC was 10.8% and the proportion of squamous carcinoma in urothelial carcinoma was 23.1%, which were both higher than the previous research findings.For the male and female groups, non-diagnostic yields were 6.5% and 30.4%, respectively (P=0.022).Of all the 75 patients, 13 renal cell carcinoma patients underwent the surgical treatment and got the results of postoperative pathology.Comparing preoperative biopsy pathological diagnosis with postoperative pathological diagnosis, we found the diagnostic correct rates for benign and malignant lesions, pathological subtype and pathological grade were 100%, 81.8% and 60%, respectively.Mild macroscopic hematuria occurred in 1 case after RMB and there were no serious complications in all the cases.Conclusion: Percutaneous renal masses biopsy under ultrasound with a high diagnostic rate which can define the histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma.With targeted therapy, more and more patients whose evaluation suggests local advanced disease or metastatic tumors adopt renal tumor biopsy to define the histologic subtype, which could avoid unnecessary surgical treatment.

Objective: To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and central precocious puberty in children, and to provide a scientific basis for dietary prevention of precocious puberty. Methods: A case-control study was conducted, among 35 newly diagnosed central precocious puberty girls from May to December 2019 as the case group, and 70 healthy girls with normal development as the control group. Physical development examination, parent questionnaire survey and child interview were carried out. Dietary information was assessed using a simplified food frequency questionnaire(FFQ). Principal component analysis was used to identify children s dietary patterns, and multiple Logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and precocious puberty. Results: Three different dietary patterns have been established, namely "snack and processed food type", "animal protein type" and "nutritional tonic type" dietary patterns, respectively. After adjusting for covariates such as age and BMI, Logistic regression analysis showed that the "snack and processed food type" dietary pattern was positively correlated with precocious puberty(OR=10.81, 95%CI=2.59-45.15, P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between "animal protein type" and precocious puberty(OR=0.24, 95%CI=0.06-0.91, P=0.04), while the association between "nutritive tonic" and precocious puberty was not statistically significant(OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.07-1.05, P=0.06). Conclusion Children s dietary patterns were related to precocious puberty." Snack and processed food "dietary pattern with a high intake of fried foods, puffed foods, foods containing preservatives or pigments, western fast foods, chocolate and products, was closely related to central precocious puberty.

Gas vesicles (GVs) are gas-filled protein nanostructures that can regulate the buoyancy of microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and archaea. Recent studies have shown that GVs have the potential to be used as ultrasound molecular imaging probes in disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the mechanism of the inflation and deflation of GVs remains unclear, which hampers the preservation of GVs and gas replacement. In the present study, the environmental pH value was found to be an important factor in regulating the inflation and deflation of GVs. It can not only regulate the inflation and deflation of GVs in vivo to make Microcystis sp. cells present distinct levitation state, but also regulate the inflation and deflation of purified GVs in vitro, and the regulation process is reversible. Our results may provide a technical support for the large-scale production and preservation of biosynthetic ultrasound molecular imaging probes, especially for gas replacement to meet different diagnostic and therapeutic needs, and would facilitate the application of biosynthetic ultrasound molecular imaging probes.
Cyanobacteria ; Proteins/chemistry* ; Nanostructures/chemistry* ; Molecular Imaging ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration