Objective To compare the myocardial enzyme spectrum of native mountain yaks ( Bos grunniens) , alien mountain yellow cattle ( Bos taurus domestica) and low altitude yellow cattle breeding in Qinghai plateau, explove the mechanism that the native mountain yaks adapt to the plateau environment.Methods The samples were treated by cervical bleeding to death, and whole blood was collected.Then serum were prepared from whole blood.The myocardial enzymes including aspartate amino transferase, creatine kinase, creatinine kinase-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and.Results In the native mountain yaks and in the alien mountain yellow cattle, levels of AST, CK, CK-MB were significantly higher than those in the low altitude yellow cattle (P<0.05);compared with the alien mountain yellow cattle, levels of AST,CK were significantly higher than those in the native mountain yaks (P<0.05),CK-MB,LDH and HBDH were lower(P<0.05).The results suggested that under the high altitude and hypoxia environment, myocardial cell injury occurred in the alien mountain yellow cattle, thus various enzymes penetrated through the cells into the blood circulation, lead to the higher serum enzymatic levels.Conclusion The phenomenon indicates that the alien mountain yellow cattle is in a state of high altitude acclimatization.But the native mountain yaks are well adapte to the high altitude and hypoxia environment.

Purpose To investigate the expression of RNF2 in breast disease tissues and cell lines,and to analyze the association between expression of RNF2 and clinicopathological characteristics in breast carcinoma.Methods Expression of RNF2 protein and mRNA levels was detected using immunohistochemistry of EnVision two-step and qRT-PCR in breast carcinoma and benign breast disease as well as in cell lines.Results RNF2 expression was sigmificantly higher in breast carcinoma tissue specimens compared with benign breast disease specimens (P ＜0.05).Besides,the expression of RNF2 protein was significantly associated to tumor size,lymph node status and TNM stage (P ＜ 0.05 for both),but was not related to age,histological grade,the expression of ER,PR and HER-2 (P ＞ 0.05 for both).Higher expression of RNF2 mRNA was detected in breast carcinoma cell lines compared with breast epithelial cell lines (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion RNF2 is overexpressed in breast carcinoma and can be a potential therapeutic target for breast carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the awareness and identify the influencing factors of sexual knowledge among primary and middle school students in Butuo County, Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into sex education. Methods: Six primary and middle schools were randomly sampled from 40 primary and middle schools in Butuo County using the cluster sampling method on March and April, 2021, and a class was randomly sampled from each of grades 4 to 6 of primary schools and grades 1 to 3 of junior high schools, with all students from the class as study subjects. Students' demographic features and awareness of sexual knowledge were investigated using self-designed questionnaires, and the factors affecting the awareness of sexual knowledge were identified among primary and middle school students using multivariable linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 980 questionnaires were allocated, and 957 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.65%. The respondents included 458 boys ( 47.86% ) and 499 girls ( 52.14% ), and included 908 students with Yi Ethnicity. The respondents included 802 primary school students ( 83.80% ) and 155 junior high school students ( 16.20% ). The awareness of sexual knowledge was 21.94% among the primary and middle school students, and their sexual knowledge was predominantly derived from parents ( 338 students, 35.32% ) and teachers ( 335 students, 35.01% ). The awareness of sexual knowledge was significantly lower in boys than in girls ( 17.69% vs. 25.86%; χ2=8.344, P=0.004 ), and the awareness of sexual knowledge appeared a tendency towards a rise with age ( χ2trend = 63.908, P<0.001 ). Low awareness of sexual knowledge was seen in students with fathers going out for labor ( 19.54% ), mothers going out for labor (11.24%) and living in the countryside ( 14.32% ) ( χ2=7.790, 9.224 and 34.144, all P<0.01 ). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that students living in the countryside, students’ mothers going out for labor, ages of 12 to 14 years and ages of over 14 years were factors affecting the score of sexual knowledge ( β'=-0.072, 0.341, 0.645 and 0.843, all P<0.05 ). Conclusions The awareness of sexual knowledge is low among primary and middle school students in Butuo County. Health education of sexual knowledge should be emphasized on male students, those living in the countryside and students with mothers going out for labor.

The present study is to explore the change process and distribution of phosphorylated DARPP-32 (p-DARPP-32) in rat brain including cortex, hippocampus and striatum and to further deduce whether p-DARPP-32 was possibly involved in epilepsy induced by repetitive low doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). PTZ-induced epilepsy model in rat was established with 30 male SD rats randomly divided into 6 groups, control group and five trial groups [PTZ 1 h, PTZ 6 h, PTZ 24 h, PTZ 48 h and PTZ 72 h respectively, after onset of status epilepticus (SE)]. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double-labeling were used to detect the temporal time change and distribution of p-DARPP-32 expression and to analyze the coexpression of DARPP-32 and p-DARPP-32 in rat brain after the onset of PTZ-induced generalized SE. The results showed that there was a temporal time change of p-DARPP-32 expression in rat brain after the onset of SE. The number of p-DARPP-32-positive cells increased significantly and reached the peaks at the ends of 1 hour and 6 hours after the onset of SE, but decreased at the end of 24 hours. The moderate to strong p-DARPP-32-immunopositive neurons were observed in cortex, hippocampus and striatum, and located in cell cytoplasm and cell nucleus. Further immunofluorescence double-labeling revealed that denser colocalization of p-DARPP-32 and DARPP-32 in the neurons existed in the area mentioned above. Therefore, PTZ-induced SE may cause phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in rat brain. The temporal time change and distribution of p-DARPP-32 suggest that phosphorylation of DARPP-32 may be involved in PTZ-induced epilepsy in rat brain including cortex, hippocampus and striatum, and p-DARPP-32 may play a central role in the onset of SE.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Pentylenetetrazole ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus ; chemically induced ; metabolism

Objective To determine the effects of β-estradiol on vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein and its potential mechanisms.Methods Human umbilical cord samples were obtained from 96 term neonates of healthy singleton pregnant women born in the First Hospital of Soochow University between December 2013 and June 2015 (multiple pregnancy,pregnancy complications,cesarean delivery and low birth weight were excluded).Human umbilical arteries and veins were isolated and suspended in 37 2 organ baths containing 5 ml Krebs solution and exposed to β-estradiol followed by phenylephrine (PE) for vasoconstriction test.The subjects were divided into β-estradiol group and control group according to the presence or absence of β-estradiol incubation.To determine the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of β-estradiol on PE-induced vasoconstriction,human umbilical artery and vein rings were pretreated with N ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NMMA,nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor),fulvestrant (ICI182780,estradiol receptor antagonist),indomethacin (prostaglandin synthesis blocker),and removal of endothelium,then incubated with β-estradiol for 60 min followed by PE,and the concentration-response curves to PE were recorded.The concentrationresponse curves to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU,protein kinase C agonist) in Krebs solution in the presence or absence of β-estradiol were also obtained.Nonlinear regression and fitting curve were performed,and the two-sample ANOVA was used for analysis.Results (1) β-estradiol suppressed PE-induced vasoconstriction of human umbilical vein and artery.In human umbilical vein and artery of the control group,the maximum contraction intensity induced by PE was (59.17± 5.98)％ and (43.35± 5.02)％ of that induced by potassium chloride,respectively.The maximum contraction induced by PE in β-estradiol group was (5.87± 1.32)％and (4.52±1.22)％ of that induced by potassium chloride.(2) In both groups,incubation with L-NMMA or endothelium removal enhanced the vasoconstriction of human umbilical artery and vein,indicating that the inhibitory effect of β-estradiol was not influenced by the endothelium.(3) The suppression of β-estradiol on PE-induced vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein was not significantly decreased by estrogen receptor antagonist.(4) β-estradiol did not affect human umbilical artery and vein vasoconstriction induced by PDBU.(5) In the control group,incubation with indomethacin did not affect human umbilical artery and vein vasoconstriction induced by PE.In the β-estradiol group,indomethacin significantly enhanced the contraction response induced by PE,suggesting that prostacycline synthesis was partly involved in β-estradiol-suppressed contractility in human umbilical artery and vein.The contractile response induced by phenylephrine was still lower in the β-estradiol group than in the control group,which was induced by indomethacin.Conclusions (1) β-estradiol can suppress vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein,which is not dependent on endothelium and estrogen receptors,or protein kinase C activity,(2) Prostacycline synthesis is partly involved in β-estradiol-suppressed vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms and effects of Sorafenib on cytotoxic sensitivity of allo-reactive natural killer(Allo-NK) cells against human multi-drug resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2/DDP cells which expressing highly ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2(ABCG2)(abbr.as ABCG2HighCNE2/DDP cells).Methods ABCG2HighCNE2/DDP and Allo-NK cells were isolated by magnetic bead technique.The target cells were divided into 3 groups: a) treated group(ABCG2HighCNE2/DDP cells incubated with 10 ng/ml sorafenib for 4h);b) untreated group(conventionally cultured ABCG2HighCNE2/DDP cells);and c) control group(conventionally cultured K562 cells).Expression rates of ABCG2 in treated and untreated groups,and of five NKG2D-ligands(MICA,MICB,ULBP1,ULBP2,ULBP3) were evaluated by flow cytometry.The cytotoxic effects of NK cells against different groups of target cells were detected with LDH releasing assay.Results Expression rate of ABCG2 in isolated CNE2/DDP cells was 91.40%?2.32%.The purity of sorted CD3-CD16+CD56+ Allo-NK cells was 90% and higher.The expression rates of NKG2D-ligands(MICA,MICB,ULBP1,ULBP2 and ULBP3) in untreated group were 2.92%?0.33%,4.27%?0.33%,5.80%?0.62%,11.10%?3.15% and 7.75%?1.14%,respectively,which were remarkablely higher than that in treated group(10.38%?1.23%,10.68%?1.26%,11.62%?1.22%,43.24%?4.42% and 11.91%?0.88%,respectively,P

Objective To explore the effect of internet + continuing nursing education teaching methodflipped classroomin the teaching of Assessment of Consciousness among junior nurses. Methods A total of 98 nurses who have graduated within two years in the third hospital of Mianyang city in Sichuan province were selected and divided into experimental group and control group by random digits table method with 49 nurses each. The experimental group used flipped classroom teaching method and the control group used the traditional teaching method. After the training, the scores of examination and nurses′ learning satisfaction were analyzed and compared. Results The scores of nurses′ learning satisfaction in the experimental group was (100.35 ± 12.21) points, learning process, learning content, learning result, learning environment, interpersonal relationship of the dimensions were (26.85 ± 3.38), (22.02±3.07), (20.90±3.15), (17.19±2.50), (13.40±1.51) points. The scores of nurses′learning satisfaction in the control group was (86.00±11.63) points, learning process, learning content, learning result, learning environment, interpersonal relationship of the dimensions were (23.63±2.81), (19.67±3.06), (17.76±3.32), (15.20±2.46), (9.74±2.74) points. There were statistical differences between two groups(t=3.46-7.97, all P=0.000). The score of nurses′examination in the experimental group was (78.19±6.11) points,the score of nurses′ examination in the control group was (49.64 ± 14.42) points, and there was statistical difference between two groups(t=10.19, P=0.000). Conclusions Internet+continuing nursing education teaching methodflipped classroomcan improve junior nurses′learning satisfaction and the effect of the training, worthy of further promotion.

Objective To investigate the correlations between expression of CASC2 and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) prognosis.Methods A total of 129 patients including 80 males and 49 females with HCC were includedin this study,ranging from 21 to 73 years in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing You'an Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from September 2007 to January 2014.Expression of CASC2 was assessed using reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction in HCC tissue and the adjacent normal tissue.The correlations between CASC2 mRNA level and clinicopathological parameters was investigated.The relationship between the expression of CASC2 and the prognosis of patients with HCC was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.A log-rank analysis was performed to identify group differences.Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to analyze the variables affecting the patient's prognosis.Results In 129 HCC samples,the level of CASC2 expression (0.84 ± 0.05) was lower than (3.35 ± 0.11) adjacent normal tissue (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences between CASC2 expression and tumor size,histological differentiation,and tumor stage in 129 HCC speciments.The median expression level of CACS2 in HCC tissues,0.84-fold,was used as the cut-off value to divide the 129 patients into two groups:low-expression group (n =72) and high-expression group (n =57).Overall survival rate of HCC patients with high CACS2 expression was significantly higher than those of patients with low CACS2 expression(P ＜0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that histological differentiation (HR =0.20,95％ CI:0.05 ～ 0.59),tumor stage (HR =1.71,95％ CI:1.02 ～ 2.99) and CACS2 expression (HR =O.51,95％ CI:O.08 ～0.92) were an independent predictor of overall survival.Conclusion Low expression of CACS2 might be associated with the occurrence and development of HCC.

Objective To introduce the tibial intercondylar eminence hole (TIEH) and study its structure.Explore the connection between TIEH and the pathway how proximal tibial aggressive tumor break into the bony structure from articular cavity.Methods This retrospective study included 200 patient's CT 3-dimensional reconstruction materials from May 2017 to November 2017 in Qilu hospital randomly.There were 115 males and 85 females,the average age was 49 years (ranged from 12 to 90 years).To observe the existence of TIEH and identify its location and measurement with imaging techniques.According to 50 tibial plateau specimen after TKA and 5 specimen after car accident or amputation due to tumor,physical proof the existence of TIEH.The specific location,peripheral structure,coverage,content of TIEH as well as its top,walls and bottom were researched and analysed.Pathological staining was used and 1 cases undertook preoperation contrast agent observation.1 cases of typical cases were reviewed.Results TIEH was ubiquity according to all of the 200 cases.TIEH was located on the depression of tibial plateau,between the attachments of ACL and PCL.The hole was round type,and the diameter was 1.6±0.3 mm,the depth was 9.1±2.1 mm.1-3 Paraforamen (semidiamete≤7 mm) were found around the main TIEH in 53％ patients (106/200),the diameter and depth was less than the main hole.The CT value showed the orifice (472.5±30.1 HU) ＞ the pore wall (312.3±22.5 HU) ＞ the pore bottom (202.4±17.3 HU) ＞ the pore (118.3±10.4 HU) ＞ the orifice covering (75.0±11.1 HU).The synovial tissue septum was only 1 mm between the top of hole and the articular cavity.The top of TIEH was surrounded by articular cartilage,the walls and bottom were spongy bone,the content was dense connective tissue that didn't attach to the walls tightly.The peripheral spongy bone was easy to infiltrate by methylene blue.Preoperation radiography showed that TIEH had poor barrier function.Conclusion Tibial intercondylar eminence hole is an intrinsic structure of the human body.The coverage is weak,and it is easy to cause the tumor to hide and recur.The tumor may pass through this hole and bidirectionally enter between the proximal humerus and the joint cavity.

Objective:To introduce the discovery and nomenclature of the intercondylar foramen of femur (IFF) and foramen of tibial intercondylar eminence (FTIE) and research the close relationship between the high recurrence rate of aggressive tumors around the knee joint and the foramina around the knee joint.Methods:①Radiographic observation and measurement: 3D reconstruction of CT scan of 200 patients in our hospital were used to obverse the common feature、position and measure of Inter-condylar foramen of femur and Foramen of tibial intercondylar eminence. ②Anatomical and histological observation: To proof the existence of IFF and FTIE through the anatomy of 15 cases of car accidents or tumor amputations and 60 cases of autopsy. Then the specific location, the surrounding structure, the proximal coverage, the contents, the apical construction, the wall and the bottom tissues of the IFF and FTIE were studied and analyzed. ③Histological and pathological observation of tumor anatomy: Through the study of the distal femur and tibia malignant tumor tissues(including primary bone tumors and metastatic tumors), we observed the relationship between the foraminal structures and the tumor, judged the situation of concealed transmission and two-way spread through the foramina, and analyzed the relationship between tumor recurrence and foraminal structures. ④The synovial membrane of foramina, especially in cases where the synovium was suspected to be involved by the lesions judged by the radiography was analyzed to observe whether the synovium was infiltrated by the tumor.Results:IFF and FTIE were the inherent physical structure of the human. Their physiological function was the vascular foramina that lead the branches of arteria media genus into the Intercondylar fossa of femur and tibial intercondylar eminence. Their opening was separated with the joint cavity by the synovial tissues, so IFF and FTIE were isolated with joint cavity by the synovial tissues、meniscus and cruciate ligaments. After invading the IFF and FTIE, the aggressive tumors did not break into the joint cavity immediately, but conceal in the foramina and invade the synovium with specific biological behavior with the sequence: reactive edema, hyperplasia, degeneration, calcification, hyaline degeneration (infiltration in some cases), synovial rupture, and then tumor invasion of the articular cavity. Usually, tumors or recurrence has been observed before synovial rupture. We also observed the tendency of tumors to spread along the arteria media genus to the popliteal vessels, peripheral soft tissues and lymphatic vessels with typical radiographic performance like popliteal lymphadenectasis. Color nodules and tumors in other parts could also invade or metastasize into bone through these foramina.Conclusions:IFF and FTIE are foramina nutricium of arteria media genus. They are the inherent physical structure of the human. The foramina play an important role in the spread, concealment and recurrence of peripheralkneeaggressive tumor.