AIM: To detect the changes of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in kidney following ischemia-reperfusion(I-R)of hindlimbs and to elucidate their significance. METHODS: I-R was established using the occlusion of the femoral arteries for 4 h and re-opening for 2-24 h in rats. The expression of iNOS mRNA,and iNOS protein and the nitrotyrosine (NT),a marker of peroxynitrite (ONOO -),in renal tissue were detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical technique,respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in renal tissue were spectraphotometrically measured. The observation of pathologic changes of renal tissue was made following the inhibition of iNOS by aminoguanidine (AG). RESULTS: Compared with control group,the relative expression level of iNOS mRNA significantly increased in I-R group. There were more iNOS and more NT positive product in the epithelial cells of renal proximal convoluted tubules and thick segments of Henle′ loops in I-R group than control group. The contents of MDA markedly increased,while the activity of SOD significantly decreased in I-R group,compared to those in the control groups. The pathologic changes of kidney became milder in I-R group following the inhibition of iNOS by AG. CONCLUSION: The expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in renal tissue were significantly upregulated,excess induction of NO contributed to the kidney injury during the I-R of hindlimbs.

In the present study carried out in our laboratory, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals in primary visual cortex (V1 area) of rats during the anesthesia process in the electrophysiological experiments of invasive microelectrode array implant, and obtained time evolutions of complexity measure Lempel-ziv complexity (LZC) by nonlinear dynamic analysis method. Combined with judgment criterion of tail flick latency to thermal stimulus and heart rate, the visual stimulation experiments are carried out to verify the reliability of anesthetized states by complexity analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the time varying complexity measures LZC of LFP signals of different channels were similar to each other in the anesthesia process. In the same anesthesia state, the difference of complexity measure LZC between neuronal responses before and after visual stimulation was not significant. However, the complexity LZC in different anesthesia depths had statistical significances. Furthermore, complexity threshold value represented the depth of anesthesia was determined using optimization method. The reliability and accuracy of monitoring the depth of anesthesia using complexity measure LZC of LFP were all high. It provided an effective method of realtime monitoring depth of anesthesia for craniotomy patients in clinical operation.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Microelectrodes ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Visual Cortex ; drug effects

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Calf spleen extract injection combined with chemo-therapy in the treatment of cancer,and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from Co-chrane Library,PubMed,Medline,EMBase,CJFD,Wanfang and VIP Database,randomized controlled trials(RCT)of the effica-cy and safety about Calf spleen extract injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer were collected. Meta-analy-sis was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 software after data extract and quality evaluation by Cochrane 5.0. RESULTS:Totally 23 RCT were enrolled,including 1 682 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed Calf spleen extract injection combined with chemo-therapy in the treatment of cancer can significantly improve the effective rate [OR=2.17,95%CI(1.68,2.81),P<0.001] and im-provement rate of life quality [OR=4.26,95%CI(2.47,7.32),P<0.001] and also reduce the degree rate of WBC and PLT,the inci-dence rate of nausea and emesis,the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:Calf spleen extraction injection combined with chemotherapy has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of cancer.

Objective:To establish a method for controlling the quality of the stilbene fraction of Polygonum multiflorum T hunb. Methods: The contents of total stilbene and 2,3,5,4,-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-?-D-glucoside were determined by UV and HPLC respectively. Results: As a reference, 2,3,5,4,-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-?-D-glucoside had a good linear relationship in the range of 3.04-15.20?g/ml and 0.1032-0.6192?g, the linear regression equation was Y=0.0588X+0.0026(r=0.9998) and Y=3614089.84X+14475.21(r=0.9997), the average recovery was 99.95% with RSD=2.11%(n=6)and 100.08% with RSD=2.83%(n=6)for the determination of total stilbene and 2,3,5,4,-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-?-D-glucoside respectively. Conclusion: The determination results of 3 batches of sample showed that the method was simple, convenient and accurate, and could be used for the quality control of the stilbene fraction of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Objective:To study the stability of dexmedetomidine combined with three opioid drugs ( sufentanil, fentanil and butor-phanol) in order to guide the reasonable clinical prescription. Methods:Dexmedetomidine was respectively combined with sufentanil, fentanil and butorphanol in 0. 9% sodium chloride injection. The mixture was stored at room temperature for 0, 24, 48 and 96h, and then withdrawn for the detection of appearance, pH value, insoluble particles, and the analysis of mass spectrometry was performed. Results:Within 96 h, the prepared solutions were clear and transparent with stable pH value and qualified insoluble particles, and the results of mass spectrometry showed no new substance was generated. Conclusion:The three combination schemes are safe, reasonable and feasible in clinical application.

Objective To establish nursing safety management system in the operating room and explore the effect of clinical application.Methods Toally 350 patients with surgical treatment from January to December 2013 were assigned as the control group,where routine nursing safety management was conducted.Another 350 patients from June 2014 to June 2015 were as the observation group,where nursing safety management system was used in the operating room.The two groups were compared in terms of adverse events,the passing rate of quality and safety.Result As compared with the contrast group,the incidence of adverse events was significantly lower and the passing rate of quality and safety was significantly higher in the observation group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Establishment of nursing safety management system can improve the nursing risk awareness,reduce the incidence of preoperative and postoperative adverse events and improve the level of nursing safety management and the quality of care.

Objective: To study the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Methods: Based on the established HPLC analytical method of plasma effective constituents,analysis and comparison were carried out among HPLC profi les of plasma samples obtained after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,blank plasma,alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Results: Sixteen compounds were detected under the method,three of them were architypes of compound contained in alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,and the others were metabolites.Through the comparison of the UV spectra,seven metabolites remain essential structure because the max wavelength was same to the architypes’,the other six metabolites’ structure changed greatly.Conclusion: Through the study of the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,the structure of metabolites can be conjectured,which may be helpful to study the ADME and mechanism of action.

AIM: To detect the changes of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in kidney following ischemia-reperfusion of hindlimbs and to elucidate their significance. METHODS: Health SD rats were randomly divided into normal (N), sham (S), 4h ischemia without reperfusion (I), 4 h ischemia-2, 6, 12, 18 or 24 h reperfusion (I-R) groups and I-R18h+zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group. I-R was established using the occlusion for 4 h and re-opening for 2-24 h of the femoral arteries. In I-R 18 h+ZnPP group, ZnPP (5 ?mol?kg~(-1) body weight) was intravenously injected 6 h and 12 h after reperfusion, respectively. The expression of HO-1 mRNA in kidney was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression and location of HO-1 protein were detected with immunohistochemical technique. The observation of pathologic changes of kidney was made following the inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP. RESULTS: The relative expression level of HO-1 mRNA significantly increased in I-R group, compared to those in the control groups, It was maximal in I-R 18 h group, and thereafter expression level of HO-1 mRNA decreased, however significant expression was still detected in I-R 24 h group (P

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have suggested that the risks for coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression and in-stent restenosis are increased in patients with coronary heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the predictive factors for in-stent late loss and non-culprit coronary lesion progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mel itus. METHODS:A total of 399 stenting patients were enrol ed, including 179 diabetic patients and 220 non-diabetic patients. The clinical materials, angiography parameters and biochemical markers were col ected. The difference between the two groups was compared, and also we conducted subgroup analysis in the diabetic patients. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were detected at days 3, 120, 210 and 360 after stenting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with non-diabetic patients, the stent length (P=0.18) was longer and the stent diameter (P=0.002) was smal er in the diabetic patients. The minimal lumen diameters of post-procedure and fol ow-up angiography in the diabetic group were significantly decreased (P=0.001, P=0), and the diabetic patients also showed severe coronary artery stenosis instantly and within the fol ow-up after stenting (P=0.038, P=0.004). The fol ow-up angiography showed that the diabetic patients had more late loss and restenosis (P=0, P=0.097). Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis of diabetic patients, the levels of hemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly increased in the patients with restenosis and non-culprit lesion progression. These findings indicate that diabetic patients appear to have the higher incidence of restenosis and non-culprit lesion progression. Moreover, hemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are effective predictors for in-stent late loss and non-culprit coronary lesion progression.

AIM: To investigate the pathologic changes in the brain and its underlying mechansims during ischemia-reperfusion of rat hindlimbs.METHODS: SD rats were divided into the normal(N), sham(S), 4 h ischemia without reperfusion(I), and 4 h ischemia-2, 6,12,18 or 24 h reperfusion (I-R) groups at random. Ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion were established with the occlusion or/and re-opening of the terminal of abdominal aorta, respectively. The pathologic changes in the brain tissue were morphologically observed. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) mRNA, and iNOS protein and the nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite (ONOO -),in the brain tissue were detected with RT-PCR and immunohistochemical technique, respectively. The brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were spectraphotometrically measured.RESULTS: Hydropic degeneration and severe injury to neurons were only showed in I-R group. Expressions of iNOS mRNA and protein were demonstrated in I-R, I and S groups, which were maximal in I-R 6 h group. iNOS positive neurons and microglias were more spread in I-R 6 h group than those in S and I groups. NT positive neurons were localized in the cerebral cortex and hippcampus of I-R 6 h group. The contents of MDA markedly increased, while the activity of SOD significantly decreased in I-R 6 h group compared to the N, S and I groups. There were no significant changes in MDA and SOD in N, S and I groups.CONCLUSION: Severe ischemia-reperfusion of rat hindlimbs could induce brain injury, and its mechanisms might be related to enhanced expression of iNOS -NO-ONOO - in the brain.