Physical training induces beneficial adaptations,but long excessive exercise may lead to severe damage to the skeletal muscles,liver,heart,kidneys and immune functions. Over the past few decades,health scholars have been searching for natural components that can prevent or improve the damage induced by hyperkinesis. The mechanisms of organ damage induced by long overtraining include immunosuppression,metabolism disorder,hormone disturbance,oxidative damage, etc. Natural poly-saccharides have interventional effects on these injuries,possibly by improving immunity,regulating metabolism and ameliorating free radical damage.

OBJECTIVE To investigate chemical properties of a fructooligosaccharide (ABP-50-FOS)separated from Achyranthes bidentata and immune response in mice immunized H1N1 influenza vaccine. METHODS The methods of GPC,CE,IR and NMR were used to study chemical properties of ABP-50-FOS. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly twice with H1N1 influenza vaccine (3 μg)plus ABP-50-FOS(200 μg)each mouse. The serum total antibody titer and its isotypes titers were analyzed by ELISA. The populations of CD4+,CD8+,CD3+and CD19+lymphocytes were deter?mined by flow cytometry. The proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were determined with MTT method. The levels of cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),inter?leukin-4(IL-4),IL-12 and NO were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS ABP-50-FOS was a fructooli?gosaccharide with moleculer mass 1885 u. Its bone linkages contained 1,2-and 1,6-fructose residues. ABP-50-FOS could induce high specific-IgG,IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b and IgM titers after immunization with H1N1 influenza antigen twice(P<0.01). ABP-50-FOS significantly elevated the percentage of CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ spleen lymphocytes and IFN-γ secretions(P<0.01)in vitro. It also stimulated peritoneal macrophage of mice and DC2.4 dendritic cells to produce TNF-αand IL-12p70 respectively (P<0.01). However,ABP-50-FOS inhibited secretions of NO in macrophage. CONCLUSION The fruc?tooligosaccharide ABP-50-FOS separated from A. bidentata can exhibit strong adjuvant activity for H1N1 influenza vaccine.

Objective To evaluate the significance of clinical grading methods in acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Methods Clinical data of 259 patients suspected APE were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical probability was classified into low, intermediate and high grade by the Geneva score, the Wells score and the SYSU score. The result was contrasted with gold standard. Results Through the three, methods, pa-tients were classified into low pmbability (43.9%-52.5%), intermediate probability (38.0%-42.1%) and high probability (9.5%-14.0%), and the actual frequencies of APE in each category were 6.2%-14.4% in low probability, 65.9%-76.2% in intermediate probability, 88.5%-90.5% in high probability. The SYSU score had the lowest rate of missed diagnosis in low probability (P<0.05 ).The Geneva score was the most accurate in predicting the intermediate probability (P<0.05). But in high probahility, three prediction rules had no significant difference (P>0.05). Combined with D--dimer test, the rote of missed diagnosis in low probability can be lowered. Conclusions The clinical grading methods can predict the clinical probability of APE. It exists similar accuracy, but has different scope of application. Clinical doctor should choose the ap-propriate grading methods in different patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunogenicities of Poria cocos polysaccharides, PCP-Ⅰand PCP-Ⅱ, as a vaccine adjuvant. METHODS ①Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was linked to PCP-Ⅰor PCP-Ⅱrespectively to prepare immuno-antigen KLH-PCP-Ⅰor KLH-PCP-Ⅱ. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also linked to PCP-Ⅰor PCP-Ⅱrespectively to prepare screening-antigen. Rabbits were immunized with KLH-PCP-Ⅰor KLH-PCP-Ⅱplus Freund adjuvant by intradermal injection twice, and serum specific antibody titers were determined by ELISA. ②BALB/c mice were immunized with PCP-Ⅰ or PCP-Ⅱ alone intramuscularly twice, and serum polysaccharide antibody titers were determined by ELISA.③BALB/c mice were co-immunized intramuscularly or subcutaneously with PCP-Ⅰor PCP-Ⅱplus hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inactivated vaccine (PRRSV) twice, and serum polysaccharide-antibody titers were determined by ELISA. RESULTS ①Serum anti-KLH and anti-polysaccharides (PCP-Ⅰor PCP-Ⅱ) antibodies were pro?duced after rabbits were immunized with KLH-PCP-Ⅰor KLH-PCP-Ⅱplus Freund adjuvant twice.②Serum anti-PCP-Ⅰor anti-PCP-Ⅱantibodies were not found after mice were immunized with PCP-Ⅰand PCP-Ⅱalone twice.③After mice were immunized with HBsAg or PRRSV plus PCP-Ⅰor PCP-Ⅱtwice, serum anti-PCP-Ⅰor anti-PCP-Ⅱantibodies were not found. CONCLUSION PCP-Ⅰand PCP-Ⅱshow weak immunogenicity, which may be quite safe as a vaccine adjuvant.

OBJECTlVE To investigate the effect of α-glycan isolated from Isatis indigotica on humoral immunity and cellular immunity functions in mice immunized with H1N1 influenza vaccine. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly once with H1N1 influenza vaccine ( 3 μg) plusα-glycan ( 100μg) each mouse. The serum total antibody titer and its isotype antibody titer of immu-nized mice were analyzed by ELlSA at 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 d after injection at vaccine. The proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were determined with MTT method. The levels of cytokines interferon-γ( lFN-γ) , tumor necrosis factorα( TNF-α) , interleukin-4( lL-4) and lL-12 were measured by ELlSA kits. The populations of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ and CD19+ lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the proliferation rate of macrophages was studied with MTT method in vitro. RESULTS The α-glycan from I.indigotica could gradually induce high specific-antibody production 5-14 d after immunization with H1N1 influenza antigen plus theα-glycan in mice compared to immunization with antigen alone ( P<0.01) . After injection of antigen withα-glycan for 5 d, the main lgG isotype was lgM, and the titer levels of total lgG, lgG1 , lgG2a and lgG2b were also significantly raised following 5-14 d after immunization. The α-glycan significantly promoted the spleen T and B lymphocytes proliferation ( growth rate 44.2%and 37.8%) , stimulated the secretion of lFN-γand lL-12 of splenocytes ( P<0.01, P<0.05) , and also promoted lL-4 secretion of thymocytes (P<0.01). The polysaccharide significantly raised the percent age of CD3+T cells ( P<0.01) , CD3+/CD19+ T lymphocytes ( P<0.01) , and CD8+ T cells ( P<0.01) but decreased the percentage of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes compared with antigen alone group ( P<0.01) . Furthermore, the α-glycan exhibited significant effects on the proliferation and TNF-α secre-tion of MH-S macrophages. CONCLUSlON Theα-glycan isolated from I.indigotica can improve humoral and cellular immunity response in mice immunized with H1N1 influenza vaccine.

The article analyzes chief physician SUN Wuquan's empirical characteristics in treating neck-type cervical spondylosis:disease differentiation combined with pattern differentiation,emphasizing the assessment of tendons and bones,with DING's Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)manipulations and static Gongfa(Qigong exercise)as the predominant treatment,inherits the academic features of DING's Tuina school,"paying equal attention to tendons and bones,putting function first";thus provides a reference for treating neck-type cervical spondylosis with Tuina therapy.

Refractory asthma is an inevitable clinical difficulty that is often faced by pediatricians in the promotion of standardized diagnosis and treatment of asthma.In this paper, the important role of multidimensional assessment (MDA) in the diagnosis of refractory asthma is emphasized, and the method of MDA is described in detail at first.Then foreign and domestic research on the internal mechanism of truly refractory asthma in recent years is syste-matically reviewed, which shows the progress of research on the internal phenotypes, biomarkers and targeted treatment of refractory asthma to the readers, with a view to developing the pediatricians′ ideas and further improving the diagnosis and treatment level of asthma by taking precision medical treatment as the goal.

Objective To establish a method for determination of 22 pesticide residues in vegetables by QuEChERS - gas chromatography-mass spectromerty. Methods The vegetables were extracted by acetonitrile, and purified by QuEChERS after being centrifuged. The sample solution was dried by nitrogen gas. The residues were then dissolved in cyclohexane /acetone (7:3) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with HP-5MS and scanned by select ion scanning mode（SIM）for quantification. Results The separation of the 22 pesticide residues was good, and the linear correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.996. The detection limits were 0.001 mg/kg-0.003 mg/kg. The average recovery rate was in the range of 86.00% to 102.00% with relative standard derivations of 2.10% to 4.30%. Conclusion QuEChERS - gas chromatography-mass spectromerty is a simple, fast, sensitive, and accurate method, which is suitable for the detection of various pesticide residues in vegetables.

D-allulose-3-epimerase (DPEase) is the key enzyme for isomerization of D-fructose to D-allulose. In order to improve its thermal stability, short amphiphilic peptides (SAP) were fused to the N-terminal of DPEase. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the heterologously expressed DPEase folded correctly in Bacillus subtilis, and the protein size was 33 kDa. After incubation at 40 °C for 48 h, the residual enzyme activity of SAP1-DSDPEase was 58%. To make the recombinant B. subtilis strain reusable, cells were immobilized with a composite carrier of sodium alginate (SA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The results showed that 2% SA, 2% CaCl2, 0.03% glutaraldehyde solution and a ratio of TiO2 to SA of 1:4 were optimal for immobilization. Under these conditions, up to 82% of the activity of immobilized cells could be retained. Compared with free cells, the optimal reaction temperature of immobilized cells remained unchanged at 80 °C but the thermal stability improved. After 10 consecutive cycles, the mechanical strength remained unchanged, while 58% of the enzyme activity could be retained, with a conversion rate of 28.8% achieved. This study demonstrated a simple approach for using SAPs to improve the thermal stability of recombinant enzymes. Moreover, addition of TiO2 into SA during immobilization was demonstrated to increase the mechanical strength and reduce cell leakage.
Bacillus subtilis/metabolism* ; Carbohydrate Epimerases/genetics* ; Enzyme Stability ; Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism* ; Fructose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Racemases and Epimerases ; Temperature

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.