Objective:To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor in genioglossus of female rats. Methods:30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: normal group(NORMAL), sham operation group (SHAM) and ovariectomized group(OVX). The rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery, and the genioglossus was removed for analysis. The expression of estrogen receptors(ER? and ER?) was examined by immunohistochemical assay. Results:ER? and ER? were found in genioglossus of normal rats. The expression of ER? was significantly higher than ER? (P0.05). Conclusions:Estrogen receptors are expressed in genioglossus of female rats.ER? expression is significantly impacted by the estrogen level.

The molding of humanistic spirit in medical colleges and universities has a direct bearing on whether or not the cultivated medical students can establish fundamentally the mental idea of humanistic solicitude and orientation of value.This article expounds the importance and urgency of strengthening the molding of humanistic spirit in medical colleges and universities,and analyzes the current situations of construction of humanistic spirit in colleges and universities of our country at present,and investigates the ways and countermeasures of strengthening the molding of humanistic spirit in medical colleges and universities.

Objective] Introducing the research on acupoints compatibility in recent ten years in order to discuss the research ideas. [Methods]Through retrieval of all medical journals of CNKI from Jan.2004 to Sep.2014,thirty-four articles were selected and analyzed. Summarizing and commenting the progress on compatibility mode, mechanism and action nature aspects.[Results]The research has summarized the characteristics of acupoints compatibility on ancient acupuncture literature and researched the clinical application of classic compatibility, discussed the mechanism of acupoint compatibility on the metabolism of biological molecules, the spectrum of endogenous metabolites and the central mechanism, confirmed the synergic and antagonistic effects of acupiont compatibility. There are some progresses but also deficiencies. [Conclusion]The acupoints compatibility research should change into clinical application, take multi discipline research methods and use different ideas. The relationship between acupoints quantity and effect of compatibility must be a research direction.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of the green tortoise exploring point technique for treating piriformis syndrome. Methods: Ninety patients were randomly allocated to a green tortoise exploring point treatment group of 30 cases, an acupuncture control group of 30 cases and a hydro-acupuncture control group of 30 cases for clinical observation. Results: The symptoms improved after treatment in all the three groups. The total efficacy rate was 100.0% in the treatment group, 76.7% in the acupuncture group and 83.3% in the hydro-acupuncture group. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: The technique of green tortoise exploring point is better than conventional acupuncture and hydro-acupuncture in treating piriformis injury syndrome

Objective To evaluate the role of thoracoscopy-assisted mini-incision in surgical treatment of lung tuberculosis.Methods From 1999 to 2004,pulmonary lobectomy was performed with thoracoscopy-assisted mini-incision(5-7 cm) on 42 patients with lung tuberculosis(right superior lobectomy in 16,right middle lobectomy in 4,right inferior lobectomy in 4,left superior lobectomy in 10,left lingular lobectomy in 4,and left inferior lobectomy in 4).Results None of the patients were converted to open surgery.The mean operation time was 105 min(35-170 min);blood loss ranged 100-800 ml(mean,150 ml).In the patients,thoracic drainage lasted for 1-5 d(mean,2.8 d) after the operation,and the hospital stay was 4-11 d(mean,6.7 d).During a 2-to 13-month follow-up(mean,8.2),no patient showed positive sputum,bronchopleural fistula,or diffusion of tuberculosis.Conclusions Since thoracoscopy-assisted mini-incision is assosiated with minimal tissue injury,few blood loss,quick postoperative recovery,short hospital stay,and few complications after the surgical treatment of lung tuberculosis,it is worth being widely used.For surgeons,it is important to remember the indications for the procedure.

Objective: Develop a kind of portable negative pressure calibrator by the design and implement of method. Methods:By the working principle of negative pressure sensor and gas flow sensor, the negative pressure aspirator realizes the calibration function and stability of the monitoring function of the pressure and flow. Results:Stating from the design concept, this portable negative pressure can satisfy the requirement of the quality control and test work. Conclusion:Guarantee the accuracy and efficiency in the clinical first aid and field battle when using attractor. This avoids attractor of iatrogenic injury accident caused by negative pressure fall off.

BACKGROUND:Both in vivo and vitro microenvironment can influence the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In addition, cell culture solution plays variable roles in cell proliferation and differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To develop a convenient and rapid method to promote NSC primary culture by modifying traditional serum-free medium. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled cell trial was performed at Institute of Brain Science, Qingdao University Medical School from November 2005 to September 2006.MATERIALS:Ten Wistar rat of gestation for 12-16 days; cell suspension fron brain tissue of embryonic rat. METHODS:Cell suspension were seeded into four 50-mL culture flasks with cell density of 1×106 mL-1, and divided into 2 groups with 2 flasks in each group. The control cells (flasks A and B) were cultured in serum-free medium containing DMEM/F12, B27 (2%), basic fibroblast growth factor (20 μg/L), and epidermal growth factor (20μg/L), and the experimental cells (flasks C and D) were firstly cultured with DMEM/F12 containing fetal bovine serum (FBS, 5%), following by the same serum-free medium 2 to 3 days later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The proliferation of NSCs was observed by inverted microscopy and immunocytochemistry.RESULTS:①Most of the cells in two culture conditions expressed nestin, the specific marker of NSCs, and were immunocytochemically positive. ②Neural stem cells cultured with FBS formed neurospheres 3-4 days earlier than those without FBS. ③There were no significant differences in cell number, but the neurospheres under the experimental condition were larger than those in control group. Some of the cells were neurone specific enolase-positive after serum-conditioned induction, and some were glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive, indicating NSCs had differentiated into neuron-like cells and neurogliocytes.CONCLUSION:FBS-conditioned pre-culture can accelerate the proliferation of neural stem cells.

Objective To construct Streptococcus mutans UA159 mutants with deletion of LuxS gene related to quorum-sensing pathway and evaluate the aciduricity of the mutants. Methods Using S. mutans UA159 as materials, the PCR fragments of the upstream and downstream regions of LuxS and erythromycin resistance(Eymr) gene of PJT10 were cloned into plasmid PUC19. The resulting constructs were integrated into the chromosome of S. mutans. LuxS gene deletion mutant was then constructed in S. mutans by means of allelic exchange and selected for resistance to erythromycin. The aciduric ability of the mutant under different pH was measured and S. mutans UA159 was used as control. Results The LuxS-deleted status of S. mutans mutants were confirmed by various PCR and DNA sequencing. The results showed that Eymr gene take the place of LuxS gene, while the mutant can not induce bioluminescenece. The LuxS mutant strain displayed a decreased growth ability with the decreasing pH values compared to those of the wild-type strain UA159. Conclusion A LuxS-negative mutants of S. mutans is constructed. The LuxS quorum sensing system is involved in the regulation of aciduricity of S. mutans UA159.

Objective To explore the method of comfort nursing in patients with nasogastric feeding and observe the influence on enhancement of patients satisfaction degree. Methods Case control study Was used in 162 conscious patients with nasogastric feeding.80 patients from January 2005 to January 2006 were selected as control group and given routine nursing.82 patients from February 2006 to May 2007 were named as the test group and received confort nursing.The satisfaction degree of patients, injury of nasal mucosa, shedding rate of the gastric tube and aspiration rate were investigated with self-designed discomfort questionnaires. Results The satisfaction degree in the test group Was 63.41％,which was higher than that of the control(40.00％,P＜0.01).The rate of nasal mucosa injury, shedding of the gastric tube and aspiration rate were lower in the test group(1.22％,2.44％,1.22％)than those in the control group(8.75％,10.00％,7.50％,P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of comfort nursing in patients with nasogastric feeding contributed to the enhancement of satisfaction degree of patients and nursing quality.

Ricin is a plant toxin isolated from the seed of the castor plant(Ricinus communis). As a typical II ribosome inactivating protein,ricin consists of two polypeptide chains named ricin toxin A chain(RTA)and ricin toxin B chain(RTB),linked via a disulfide bridge. RTB binds to both glycopro?tein and glycolipid at the surface of the target cell and mediates ricin to be endocytosed and transported retro?gradely to the endoplasmic reticulum. After being reduced and retrotranslocated to the cytosol,RTA mediates its toxicity due to its activity of a RNA N- glycosidases. Aside from its main toxic effect of protein synthesis inhibition,ricin also displays other properties that contribute to its toxicity such as inducing apoptosis,cytokine secreting and peroxidation. Ricin is stable and can be easily isolated. It has many routes of intoxication with no specific antidotes. Due to its natural abundance,remarkable toxicity,and the potential to be used in biological warfare as well as terrorist attacks,ricin has been classified as a Category B biothreat agent. Here we reviewed its history as a biothreat agent,constitu?tion,intoxication mechanism,detection methods and the development of specific antitodes.