Objective To evaluate the effect of remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RLIP) combined with electro-acupuncture postconditioning (EAP) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Seventy male Sprague-lDawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =14 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,RLIP group,EAP group and RLIP combined with EAP group (group RLIP +EAP).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).MCAO was maintained for 120 min.The animals were subjected to 3 cycles of 15 min ischemia of bilateral hind limbs followed by 30 s reperfusion starting from onset of reperfusion.Dazhui and Baihui acupoints were stimulated with electric stimulator (frequency 15 Hz/2 Hz,intensity 1 mA) for 30 min starting from onset of reperfusion.Neurological deficit scores (NDSs) were evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed and brains were removed to measure the infarct size and for microscopic examination of pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region.The number of survival neurons was counted.The apoptosis in neurons was determined by TUNEL.Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly increased,and the number of survival neurons was decreased in the other four groups.Compared with group I/R,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly decreased,and the number of survival neurons was increased in EAP,RLIP and RLIP+EAP groups.Compared with RLIP and EAP groups,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly decreased,and the number of survival neurons was increased in group RLIP+ EAP.Conclusion The combination of RLIP and EAP provides better efficacy than either alone in attenuating focal cerebral I/R injury in rats.

This study aimed to explore the cognitive dysfunction of and hippocampal neuron damage to Wistar rats with STZ-induced diabetes at different morbidity time. All Wistar rats in the tests received intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to induce type 1 diabetes. The concentration of blood glucose and the body weight were investigated, the cognitive ability of rats was assessed using a standardized Y-maze, and the apoptotic neurons in the CA1 of the hippocampus were also examined by using the HE staining. While the sickening time was prolonged, the blood glucose concentration of the experimental rats increased continuously and the body weight decreased. On the 70th day after STZ administration, the neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region increased and the working errors increased in rats with the diabetes. The results showed that Wistar rats could complicate with diabetic encephalopathy in 70 days after injection of STZ for inducing the diabetes.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; cytology ; pathology ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Neurons ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Streptozocin

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the main influence factors of sound pressure level parameters in patients with simple snoring (SS) and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom (OSAHS). METHOD: Eighty-four cases with snoring disease underwent polysomnography and simultaneously snoring sound pressure level recording. The correlations between AHI, age, BMI, abdomen circumference, neck circumference, the lowest oxygen saturation total apnea time and sound pressure level parameters: equivalent continuous sound level(LAeq)and maximum sound pressure level(L10) were analyzed. RESULT: LAeq was significantly correlated to AHI (P= 0. 000) and BMI (P= 0. 007), and the odd ratios of AHI and BMI were 5. 74,2. 09 respectively, but it was unrelated to age, abdomen circumference, neck circumference, the lowest oxygen saturation and total apnea time. A significantly association also existed between L10 and AHI(P=0. 000), BMI(P=0. 032), and the odd ratios were 4. 11 and 2. 33 respectively. Other factors had nothing to do with L10. CONCLUSION The main factors which affect the snoring sound pressure level parameters LAeq and L10 are AHI and BMI.
Humans ; Polysomnography ; Pressure ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; physiopathology ; Snoring ; physiopathology ; Sound

Objective To investigate the awareness and administration of antidiabetic drugs in patients with diabetes in Huairou district of Beijing.Methods A questionnaire survey on knowledge and administration of antidiabetic drugs were conducted in 900 diabetic patients from 16 communities in Huairou district of Beijing from November 2014 to February 2015.The related factors influencing antidiabetic drug use were analyzed with logistic regression method.Results A total of 899 questionnaires were recovered. Results showed that the rate of metformin single use was the highest (23.7%, 213/899), the rate of combination use of metformin and acarbose was 11.8%(106/899), and that of metformin and glipizide was 17.1% (154/899).Survey showed that 65.9% (592/899) patients were compliant immediately for antidiabetic agents, 32.2% (290/899) were not immediately compliant, 1.9% (17/899) did not use antidiabetic agents.Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the use of antidiabetic agents were the types of medication (t=-4.351, P=0.000) , adverse effects of drugs (t=6.999, P=0.000), awareness of diabetes to health hazard (t=-10.969, P=0.000) and the doctor′s recommendation (t=-3.352, P=0.001).Conclusion The results showed that the administration of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients from Huairou district is basically followed the recommendation by 2013 edition of type 2 diabetes guidelines and the compliance rate of medication need to be further raised.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of herb-partitioned moxibustion at umbilicus in treating primarydysmenorrhea based on metabonomics.MethodTwenty patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into two groups to respectively receive herb-partitioned moxibustion at umbilicus and moxa-stick moxibustion at umbilicus. After treatment for 3 menstrualcycles, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate abdominal pain, and LC-MS-based metabonomics analysis was adopted to detect the change of plasma metabolites.ResultAfter intervention, the VAS scores decreased with the menstrual cycles in both groups. The decrease of VAS score in herb-partitioned moxibustion group was more significant than that in moxa-stick moxibustion group (P<0.05); herb-partitioned moxibustion at umbilicus up-regulated the contents of 20α-dihydroprogesterone, pregnenolone, prostaglandin E2and?-propalanine, and down-regulated the contents of estrone and prostaglandin H2in plasma; moxa-stick moxibustion decreased the content of 5’-pyridoxal phosphate.ConclusionThe two methods both can improve abdominal pain in primary dysmenorrhea, while herb-partitioned moxibustion can produce a more significant efficacy than moxa-stick moxibustion, and its effect is possibly realized via regulating estrone, progesterone, and prostaglandin.

BACKGROUND: Gallium is a non-essential trace element in the human body. In vivo experiments have confirmed that gallium can directly inhibit bone osteelysis, prevent bone calcium release, increase bone calcium content, serves as a new drug treatment of metabolic bone disease, its anti-bone transformation mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of gallium nitrate on collagen and bone calcium protein in osteeporotic rat model. METHODS: Ninety female SD rats were divided into control group (n = 20) and osteoporosis group (n = 70) at random. Control group rats were sutured to close abdominal cavity after bilateral ovarian was exposed. Osteoporosis group rats received the bilateral ovariectomy to produce osteoporotic rat models, which then were assigned into 4 groups by random digits table: osteoporotic control group (n = 16) by intraperitoneal injection of saline, 3 times per week; Low-dose gallium salt group (n = 16) by intrapedtoneal injection of I mg/kg of galfium nitrate, 3 times per week; High-dose gallium salt group (n = 15) by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg ofgallium nitrate, 3 times per week; Estrogen group (n = 15) by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol, 3 times per week. After 12 weeks of the treatment, the bone collagen, osteocalcin protein and hydroxyproline levels in bone specimens were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, the content of collagen in osteoporosis control group was reduced (P < 0.05), the contents of aminohexose and hydroxyproline increased (P < 0.05), no significant differences were observed in the content of sulfate-base for both groups. Following gallium and estradiol treatment, the collagen contents enhanced (P < 0.05), while the contents of aminohexose and hydroxyproline reduced (P < 0.05). High-dose gallium salt group had a remarkable curative effect compared with low-dose gallium salt group (P < 0.05), and was similar to estradiol group (P > 0.05). it is indicated that gallium nitrate can improve bone metabolism status with osteoporosis through increasing the content of collagen and decreasing the content of hydroxyproline, 2 mg/kg gallium nitrate are similar to estrogen treatment.

Objective To observe long-term follow-up results of in-stent restenosis by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) method after angioplasty and stenting with the Gateway-Wingspan stenting system in middle cerebral artery(MCA).Methods Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and Wingspan stent placement were enrolled into our study.The proportion of in-stent restenosis and ischemic stroke associated with restenosis were evaluated by DSA after 6 and 12 months of stent placement.Results 30 patients with stenosis/occlusion of MCA underwent Wingspan Stent successfully.All of the patients finished follow-up except two patients(6.7％ ) who died in the first three months after stenting.At the sixth months follow-up,in-stent restenosis was observed in 7 patients( 23.3％ ) with average (69.0 ± 9.8 )％ in-stent restenosis degree.However,no additional in-stent restenosis was found at the twelfth month,two patients among the 7 with in-tent restenosis were suffered with artery occlusion in stent.Conclusion In-stent restenosis after Wingspan stenting in middle cerebral artery was more common during the first six months,and 85.7％ with ischemic stroke.It was worthy of paying attention to prevent in-stent restenosis at the first six months after stenting.

Objective To investigate the relationship between genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms of ligase Ⅳ (LIG4) and heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) and prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinomas.Methods DNAs were extracted by phenol-chlorofrom method from peripheral blood samples of 168 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.Genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms were divided by Taqman realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR).All statistical analyses were performed with statistical product and service solutions v13.0.A p-value of less than 0.05 was confirmed as statistical significance.Single-factor and multiple-factor logistic analyses were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Long-rank test and COX were also used.Results No relationship was found between the recurrence,metastasis and overall survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms of LIG4 and HSPB1 with single-factor and multiple-factor logistic analyses.Conclusions LIG4 rs1805388 and HSPB1 rs2868371 had no relationship with prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas.

Objective To prepare polyclonal antibodies against human PIWIL and to identify their property and tissue distribution of PIWIL.Methods PIWIL polypeptide was synthesized and conjugated to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH) as an immunogen.Then PIWIL-KLH conjugations were injected into rabbits subcutaneously to produce polyclonal antibodies.The specificity and sensitivity of antibodies were identified by ELISA and Western blot after purification by affinity chromatography.PIWIL were then stained on the tissue chip to study their distribution.Results Rabbit antibodies against PIWIL were prepared after injection of PIWIL-KLH conjugation.These antibodies specially recognized PIWIL peptides.Expression of PIWIL was found in the cytoplasm of epithelia cells of varied normal tissues and tumor tissues.Conclusion The successful preparation of the polyclonal antibody against PIWIL will provide an efficient reagent for further study of its role in the pathway of miRNA and RNA interference and in the pathogenesis of human disease.