The anaerobic granular sludge from an Internal Circulation (IC) reactor of a paper mill wastewater treatment plant were seeded in an Anammox upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. After 185 days operation, the reactor was finally started up by increasing the influent ammonium and nitrite concentrations to 224 mg/L and 255 mg/L, respectively, with volumetric nitrogen removal rate increasing to 3.76 kg/(m3·d). The physicochemical characteristics of the cultivated Anammox granules were observed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results suggested that during the start-up course, the granular sludge initially disintegrated and then re-aggregated. FTIR spectra results revealed that the Anammox granular sludge contained abundant functional groups, indicating that it may also possess good adsorption properties. The ecological structure of the granular sludge, analyzed by the metagenomic sequencing methods, suggested that the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial community in the seeding sludge, i.e., Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, significantly reduced, while Planctomycetes which contains anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria remarkably increased from 1.59% to 23.24% in the Anammox granules.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bacteria ; Bioreactors ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Waste Water ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo explore causes and prevention experience for neuropsychopathic symptoms after liver transplantation.MethodsThe clinical data of 62 patients who underwent transplantation in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed for the causes of neuropsychopathy symptoms and treatment experience was Summarized.ResultsSixteen patients(25.8％ ) had psychiatric symPtoms after liver transplantation in three weeks,four of them more severe.The common clinical manifestation was sleep disorders,mania,anxiety,depression,delirium and change of cognition.The pre-operation encephalopathy history,liver function,blood loss,time in the ICU after surgery,post-operation infection and the concentration of immunosuppressive agents were risk factors for psychiatric symptoms.All patients were cured.ConclusionsPsychiatric symptoms are commonly seen after liver transplantation and have a variety of etiology and clinical manifestations.Psychological counseling should be strengthened.The appropriate therapeutic measures for different etiology can improve patient outcomes.

Epilepsy is a long-term, chronic, recurrent, multi-factorial, multi-symptomatic nervous system disease, and was caused by abnormal discharge of brain neurons. Etiology can cause irreversible brain dysfunction and even death. There are about 6.5 million children with epilepsy in China, with incidence rate twice that of adult, presenting serious threaten to children's growth and development. Vitamin D has been well-known for crucial importance to development of nervous, skeletal, and immune system. Studies have found that pediatric epilepsy as well as other neurological diseases were closely related with vitamin D deficiency. First, a large number of studies have shown that vitamin D in children with epilepsy is affected by epilepsy itself; second, the use of anti-seizure medicines can alter metabolism of vitamin D by inducing cytochrome oxidases; third, the inducement was concerned to varieties, combination and duration of anti-seizure medicines; fourth, it was expected that supplement of vitamin D during antiepileptic treatment would guarantee an improvement of treating given that anti-seizure medicines may lead to deficiency of vitamin D. Large numbers of researches have reported on the correlation ship between pediatric epilepsy and vitamin D. However, there is still a lack of systematic review. This article aims to retrospect the research progress of relationship between pediatric epilepsy and vitamin D, and provide valuable feedbacks on further treatment of pediatric epilepsy.

Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Smoke/adverse effects* ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution