Objective To investigate the rate of vaginal colonization of Candida species in patients with diabetes,and to discuss the relationship between prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) and diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods Genital tract examination and fungal cultures of discharge taken among 144 patients with DM(DM group) and 150 healthy subjects(control group) were performed.Chrom Agar Candida mediums were used to study the isolates of 64 strains cultured in 144 participants.Results The isolated rates of Candida species were 44.4%(64/144) in subjects with DM and 18%(27/150)in healthy subjects,the isolated rate of Candida species in DM group was prominently higher than that in control group(P

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Objective To clarify the diagnostic value of oblique axial scan parallel to the course of the anterior talofibular ligament in magnetic resonance imaging of anterior talofibular ligament in patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods 96 patients with ankle injury who were admitted into our hospital form June 2010 to March 2015 were examed with oblique axial scan beside the routine axial magnetic res-onance imaging examination. The grade of the anterior talofibular ligament injury and confirmed full-length views of the anterior talofibular lig-ament were analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists ( with more than 5 years experience) , and associated lesions were also checked. Re-sults The full-length view of the anterior talofibular ligament was checked in 69 patients (71. 8%) through the routine axial view and it was checked in 93 patients (96. 9%) through the oblique axial scan view. Anterior talofibular ligament injury was checked in 71 patients through the oblique axial scan, which was 19 patients more than that through the routine axial. Conclusion An additional oblique axial scan is use-ful in evaluation of anterior talofiibular ligament in patients with ankle injury.

Objective To analyze the expression of TBX1 gene in kidney tissues in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)and in?vestigate its molecular genetics mechanism during the tumor development. Methods Real?time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT?PCR)was used to detect the expression of TBX1 mRNA in 12 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues and the corresponding normal kidney tissues adjacent to carcinoma .The protein expression of TBX1 was assayed by Western blot in both groups. Results Both TBX1 mRNA level and the protein level were significantly up?regulated in ccRCC tissues compare to those in normal kidney tissues adjacent to carcinoma(all P<0.05). Conclusion Over?expression of TBX1 gene might be a potentially pathogenic mechanism of ccRCC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the etiology and management of male urethral stricture at 8 medical centers in China during the period from 2004 to 2009 years,and to investigate whether there were any changes in etiology and management of urethral stricture with time change.MethodsThe database on 3455 male patients with urethral stricture who underwent treatment at 8 medical centers in China between January 2004 and December 2009 were prospectively collected.The databases were analyzed for possible cause of stricture and treatment techniques for urethral stricture,and for the changes in etiology and management with time change.ResultsThere were 3455 operations for urethral stricture during the study period.The main causes of urethral strictures were traumas in 1833 patients (53.05％),among which pelvic fractures were in 1327 (38.41％) and perineal trauma in 506 (14.65％).The second cause was iatrogenic causes in 1181 patients (34.18％ ),among which transurethral operations or examinations were in 602 (17.42％),hypospadias surgery in 291 (8.42％) and urethral catheterization in 164 (4.75％ ).Less common causes were urethritis in 201 patients (5.82％),lichen sclerosus in 149 (4.31％),undefined in 91 (2.63％).The treatments of urethral strictures were endourological surgery including internal urethrotomy and dilation and open urethroplasty including end-to-end urethroplasty and the substitude urethroplasty etc.The ratios of using various techniques in total number of patients were obviously different by time.The most application technique for treatment of urethral stricture was endourological surgery ( 709 ) during 2004 -2006 and occupied 52.67％ in total number of patients.It was gradually decreased during 2007 -2009 (726) and only occupied 34.42％ (P ＜0.01 ).Open urethroplasty gradually increased during 2007 -2009 ( 1243,58.94％ ) compared with the first three years (563,41.83％ ) (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions During the recent years there was an increase in the incidence of urethral stricture being trauma and iatrogenic causes.The main treatments of urethral strictures were endourological surgery and open urethroplasty.Endourological surgery was significantly decreased in total number of patients,while open urethroplasty were significantly increased during the late three years.

In order to observe the growth, expansion and differentiation of the cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), we isolated the BMSC from adult SD rats and cultivated them with LIF and bFGF. Then, we cultured and induced the stem cells by using retinoic acid and the culture medium confected in our lab by ourselves. We found that the BMSC could expand and generate clones when they were cultured in vitro. These cells subcultured grew rapidly and differentiated into neuron-like cells and astrocyte-like cells. The results showed that BMSC have the abilities to self renew and differentiate, thus demonstrating the culture method we used is suitable for the culture of BMSC in vitro. The bone marrow stromal cell is not difficult to obtain; it is capable of expanding and differentiating in culture. If the culture condition is appropriate, it can differentiate into neuron and astrocyte. So, it is a kind of perfect seed cells.
Actihaemyl ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pilot Projects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

AIM:To establish and characterize the patient-derived esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma xeno-graft (PDECX) in mice.METHODS:The samples of human esophageal cancer were grafted into severe combined immu-nodeficient ( SCID) mice.The xenografts were transferred to SCID mice when the first passage of xenografts grew up .The growth of tumors in the first, second and third passages was observed .HE staining was performed.The expression of CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the patient samples , and the first and third passages of the xenografts were detected by immunohisto-chemical analysis.The expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, p70S6K, p-p70S6K, Akt1, p-Akt (Ser473), Erk1/2 and p-Erk1/2 were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:The PDECX was successfully established .The positive expression of CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the xenografts was consistent with that in the patients ’ samples.The levels of phosphorylated and total proteins of proliferation-related signaling pathways were different in the xenografts from different patients .CONCLU-SION:The PDECX model adequately reflects the tumal heterogeneity that is observed in the patients .

Objective: To investigate the relationship between gastrointestinal disorders (GID) and core symptoms or behavioral problems among the children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) . Method: Totally 328 children with ASD and 202 normal controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from August 2013 to October 2016. The information about the gastrointestinal disorders, behavioral and emotional problems was collected by using questionnaires. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) were used to assess the core symptoms of the children with ASD. Neurodevelopmental status was evaluated with Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS). These variables were analyzed by using student's t-test and chi-square test. Result: The prevalence of GID was significantly higher in the children with ASD than in the normally developing children (49.4% (162/328) vs.25.7% (52/202), χ²=29.039, P=0.000), especially the symptoms of constipation (33.2% (109/328) vs. 13.9% (28/202)), diarrhea (9.5%(31/328) vs. 1.5% (3/202)), nausea and vomiting (9.5% (31/328) vs. 3.5% (7/202)), and foul defecation (16.5% (54/328) vs. 5.0% (10/202)) (all P<0.05). Among the ASD children, the prevalence of GID was similar between male and female (46.7% (133/285) vs. 46.5%(20/43), χ²=0.006, P=0.938), as well as among all age groups (χ²=1.907, P=0.862). There was no significant difference in scores of GDS in the ASD children with or without GID (all P>0.05). Compared with ASD children without GID (n=166), the ASD children with GID (n=162) got higher scores in the "Body and Object Use" of ABC scale ( (16.4±9.3) vs. (12.3±6.7) scores, t=2.258, P=0.028), and had more emotional problems (63.6% (103/162) vs. 49.4% (82/166), χ²=6.707, P=0.010). Moreover, the score of behavior problems questionnaire was higher in the ASD children with GID ( (35.3±16.8) vs. (16.1±13.6) scores, t=5.748, P=0.000). Conclusion Children with ASD have higher risk of GID than the normal developing children. While the stereotyped behaviors, problem behaviors and emotional problems are severer in the ASD children with GID. Hence, it is important to provide comprehensive treatment and management for these groups of children.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on inflammatory responses during intestinal mucosal barrier damage caused by gastrointestinal surgery in the rats.Methods:Forty-five healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7-8 weeks, weighing 220-260 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=15 each) by a random number table method: control group (C group), gastrointestinal surgery group (S group), and TEAS group (T group). Rats underwent pylorectomy and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal anastomosis to establish gastrointestinal surgery models in S and T groups, while group C received no treatment.In group T, bilateral Zusanli and Hegu acupoints were stimulated with disperse-dense waves, current intensity 5 mA, frequency 2 Hz, from 30 min before surgery until the end of operation.Only electrode patches were applied, but no stimulation was applied in group S. Five rats were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed at 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery (T 1-3), and ileal tissues were taken after anesthesia.The pathological changes of ileal tissues were observed with a light microscope and scored according to Chiu.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), diamine oxidase (DAO) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). Western blot was used to detect the expression of occludin, claudin-3 and ZO-1.The immunohistochemical method was used to determine the percentage of occludin, claudin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) positive cells. Results:Compared with group C, Chiu′s scores and contents of ileal IL-6, TNF-α, DAO and I-FABP were significantly increased, the percentage of occludin, claudin-3 and ZO-1 protein positive cells was decreased, and the expression of occludin, claudin-3 and ZO-1 was down-regulated at T 1-3 in group S and group T ( P<0.05). Compared with group S, Chiu′s scores and contents of ileal IL-6, TNF-α, DAO and I-FABP were significantly decreased, the percentage of occludin, claudin-3 and ZO-1 protein positive cells was increased, and the expression of occludin, claudin-3 and ZO-1 was up-regulated at T 1-3 in group T ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TEAS can reduce the intestinal mucosal barrier damage caused by gastrointestinal surgery by inhibiting the inflammatory response in rats.

With the development of digital technology,computer-aided design and manufacturing(CAD/CAM)combined with 3D printing technology is increasingly used in clinical and teaching applications in dentistry.In clinical dentistry,3D printing technology has been widely used in oral and maxillofacial surgery,orthodontics and implantation.Traditional oral laboratory teaching usually uses extracted teeth,resin teeth or various dental models,while 3D printing of oral models can achieve standardized,mass-produced and close-to-real clinical application,which better meets the needs of clinical pre-practice teaching.This article reviews the latest educa-tional applications of 3D printing of dental models in teaching of oral restoration,dental pulp-cavity,oral and maxillofacial surgery,and summarizes the selection of different printing processes and printing materials,aiming to apply the research strategy of 3D printing technology in pre-clinical teaching in dentistry.Finally,the article explores the trends and urgent problems that need to be solved in the development of 3D printed dental models.