Objective To analyze the risk factors and prevention of non-diabetic mother neonatal hypoglycemia,in order to provide evidences for clinical diagnosis and avoid hypoglycemic brain injuries.Methods This was retrospective study using the method of case control.One hundred and eleven cases of non-diabetic mother neonatal hypoglycemia were enrolled in patients group,and 111 controls of normal blood glucose neonate at the same period were enrolled in control group.The risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia and the results of neural development after hypoglycemia were analyzed.Results The risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia were low-birth-weight infant(X2=4.066,P=0.044),small for gestation age infant (X2=21.125,P=0.000),congenital heart disease(X2=5.869,P=0.015),day-age≤3 days(X2=6.876,P=0.032),mother with pregnancy-induced hypertension(X2=6.618,P=0.010)or age<25 years old (X2=6.311,P=0.044).Full-term infants might be easier to show up hypogtycemic brain injuries than pre-term infants;the occurrence of hypoglycemic brain injuries correlated with the level of blood glucose and the lasting time of hypoglycemia.Conclusion Monitor blood glucose closely to the infant has risk factors of hypoglycemia,and discover and cure it on time,in order to avoid hypoglycemic brain injuries.

Objective: To study the status and identify the determinants of outpatient service utilization of rural floating population in Beijing who have different accumulated residence time.Methods: The survey data of rural floating population health and health care services in Beijing in 2014 were used, and the migrant population aged 18 years and above were taken as the research object.Whether to use outpatient service within two weeks was taken as dependent variable, gender, age, education level, self-assessment score of socioeconomic status, accumulated residence time in Beijing, health insurance, average household income, suffering from high blood pressure or diabetes as independent variables.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results: The average age of the research object was 36.7 years, with mostly secondary education.The average accumulated residence time in Beijing was 8.4 years.The two-week prevalence rate was 10.3%, the two-week visiting rate calculated by person-time was 6.0%.The Logistic regression model suggested that, socioeconomic status, accumulated residence time and suffering from high blood pressure or diabetes were statistically significant determinants of outpatient service utilization.Conclusion: The research object is a younger and less educated population, their health status is better and outpatient service utilization is lower.It is found that people who have longer accumulated residence time in Beijing have lower outpatient service utilization.This is because people with longer residence time have lower age-adjusted two-week prevalence rate.This is also because people with longer residence time have larger proportion of taking continuous measures under doctor's advice.It does not mean people with longer residence time have lower utilization of medical service.The residence time variable plays the role of proxy variable.It can solve the problem of variables' endoge-neity.At the same time, it can reflect the influence to outpatient services utilization of some determinants,which are not included in the model but varies with residence time.

Objective To observe the effects of soybean isoflavone (SI) on the action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle and the sodium current in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocyte.Methods The action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle was measured by glass suspension electrode and the sodium current in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocyte was measured by whole cell patch-clamp technique. Results The SI reduced the action potential amplitude (APA) and shortened the 50% and 90% of duration of action potential (APD50 and APD90). The SI 0.1μg/ml inhibited sodium current in cardiomyocyte at a inhibition rate of 14.39 %, and the corresponding data of SI 1.0μg/ml at a inhibition rate of 23.48%. Conclusions The SI can reduce the APD of myocardiocyte and has a negative inotropic action on myocardium. These results indicate that SI inhibition of the sodium current may be one of mechanisms of its antiarrhythmic action.

Objective Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common metabolic disease during neonatal period and a few children with neonatal hypoglycemiamay show a series of neurologic impairment.This study was to explore the neurobehavioral development of preschool children with neonatal hypoglycemia.Methods 37 children with neonatal hypoglycemia in Neonate Department of Anhui Provincal Children's Hospital from March 2009 to May 2013 were investigated by Chinese Preschool-Children Temperament Scale and Conners Symptoms Questionnaire for Parents, together with the information collection of perinatal period, clinical data and family environment.At the same time 50 controls were randomly chosed of the same period.Results The children of hypoglycemia group and control group were mainly with easy temperament and inclined easy temperament.In the nine dimensions of temperament, there was statistical difference in approach-withdraw between two groups (P<0.05).The incidence of behavioral problem in hypoglycemia group is 24%, involving learning problem and psychophysical problem, and there were statistical difference between two groups in this aspect (P<0.05).Conclusion Neonatal hypoglycemia affects the neurobehavioral development of preschool children.Individualized treatment and education intervention should be taken according to the children's temperament and neurobehavioral development.

Toinvestigate the implementation mode and effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in experimental teaching of physiology,PBL was applied in experimental teaching of circulatory physiology. Comparison of test scores and Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) were used to evaluate teaching quality and teaching environment respectively. The results showed that both test and DREEM scores were higher in PBL group than in control group (P

Objective To study binocular rivalry (BR)objectively and the correlation between fusiform face area (FFA)and visual cortex.Methods Six subjects participated in this study,with one eye presented a normal face expres-sion picture flickered at 8.57 Hz,while the other presented a fearful face flickered at 12 Hz or 15 Hz,respectively.Electro-encephalogram(EEG)was recorded during this process.Steady state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)evoked by two flick-ering rates was analyzed by time-frequency analysis of short time fourier transformation(STFT).The time index of BR was estimated and the correlation coefficient between FFA and visual cortex compared.Results The total average time was (411.6 ±73.8)ms for the left eye and (547.6 ±126.7)ms for the right eye.The switch rate of the two groups was not different,but the left FFA was more sensitive than the right FFA in process of the fearful face.Neither side of FFA had any frequency preference to the flickered fearful face.Conclusion SSVEP can be used as a frequency tag of BR or as a tool to evaluate visual sensation under BR objectively.SSVEP combined with BR can be used in research of neural mechanisms of visual awareness.

Foreign specialist physician system has been implemented for more than 100 years. China piloted its own specialist physician system from 2004. The article compared foreign specialist physician system with China’s pilot system. Combined with TCM clinical characteristics and laws, the article also discussed to set up Chinese medical specialist system which is in accordance with both international conventions and TCM laws of development as well as docking the pilot system.

Objective:To evaluate and compare electroacupunctures (EA) with different parameters and moxibustion at different temperatures influencing the activation of mast cells (MC) in Tianshu (ST 25) regions of visceral hyperalgesia model rats. Methods:Rats (except for model group) respectively accepted 1 mA or 3 mA EA or moxibustion at 43 or 4 to℃℃stimulate Tianshu (ST 25) points after randomization of the fifty visceral hyperalgesia model rats, and then were compared with that in model and normal groups. Number, degranulation numbers, degranulation rates in Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of rats in each group were observed using toluidine blue staining. Abdominal withdrawl reflex (AWR) score was used to evaluate the rat visceral hyperalgesia reactions. Results:Compared with the normal group and the model group, MC numbers (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01), degranulation numbers and degranulation rates (P<0.01,P<0.01, P<0.05,P<0.01) of Tianshu (ST 25) MC in regions tissues in 43℃ and 4℃ moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mAEA groups all increased significantly. Compared with the model group, AWR scores were significantly lower in 43℃ and 4℃ moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mAEA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg colorectal distension (CRD) (P<0.05 in 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg,P<0.01 in the other groups). AWR scores in 43℃ and 4℃moxibustion groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg CRD were not significantly different from those in the normal group (allP>0.05); AWR scores in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01); AWR score in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01), and AWR scores in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 20 mmHg or 80 mmHg were also higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05). AWR scores were higher in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg or 80 mmHg than that in 4℃ moxibustion group (P<0.05); AWR score was higher in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg than that in 4℃ moxibustion group (P<0.05). Conclusion:There are differences among EA of different parameters and moxibustion of different temperatures in activating on Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of visceral hyperalgesia model rats, as well as in improving the visceral hyperalgesia reaction. The effect of 4℃ moxibustion is the most significant.

BACKGROUND: In the field of organ transplantation, patients often take immunosuppressants after organ transplantation, such as CsA, FK506, DEX and MPA. However, their mechanisms of immunosuppression are different. The effect of immunosuppressive drugs on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different immunosuppressants on the secretions of MCP-1 in whole blood. METHODS: The whole blood of healthy volunteers was mixed with different immunosuppressants for 6 hours, such as CsA, FK506, DEX and MPA, which included low, middle and high concentrations, followed by PMA and IONO stimulation for 6 hours. MCP-1 levels in whole blood samples were compared. The whole blood cultured alone served as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MCP-1 secretion was inhibited by DEX (1, 10 mg/L) and CsA (0.25,1.25 mg/L)- However, FK and MPA exhibited no such effect. Therefore, DEX and CsA may inhibit the function of monocytes and macrophages in immune system by diminishing the secretion of MCP-1. The combination of FK (5 μg/L), MPA (10 mg/L) and DEX (1 mg/L) or CsA (0.25 mg/L), MPA (10 mg/L) and DEX (1 mg/L) can inhibit the secretion of MCP-1, but only DEX among all the immunosuppressants mentioned above exhibited significant effect on inhibiting the secretion of MCP-1 when using alone.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determining the main contents and entrapment efficiency in the bruc-ine nanostructured lipid carrier(NLC). METHODS:HPLC was adopted to determine the main content,sephadex gel filtration meth-od was employed to separate free drug in brucine NLC to determine the entrapment efficiency. The column was Dikma C18 with the mobile phase of mobile phase A(methanol)-mobile phase B [water-acetic acid-triethylamine(230∶2.4∶0.3,V/V/V)](30∶70,V/V)at the flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 265 nm,volume was 10 μl and temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The linear range of brucine was 4.00-80.00μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were≤1.67%;av-erage recoveries of content determination and sephadex gel filtration method were respectively 99.66%(RSD=0.45%,n=9) and 99.75%(RSD=1.74%,n=9);and the average entrapment efficiency was 69.92%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,re-producible and efficient,and can be used for the determination of main contents and entrapment efficiency in brucine NLC.