Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of transanal local excision in the treatment of low rectal cancer.Methods The data of 49 cases of low rectal cancer patients treated by transanal local excision (group A,37 cases of T1 patients and 12 cases of T2 patients) were reviewed retrospectively,and compared with the group of 45 cases treated by radical resection( group B,11 cases of T1 patients and 34 cases of T2 patients).The 5-year survival rates,recurrence rates and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared.Results The incidence of postoperative complications in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(4.1％ vs 15.6％,x2 =4.69,P ＜0.05 ).The 5-year survival rate of group A was 97.9％ and the 5-year survival rate of group B was 95.6％.There was no significantly statistical difference on the 5-year survival rate between the two groups( x2 =0.439,P ＞ 0.05 ).But for the T2 patients,the recurrence rates in group A was 33.3％,which was significantly higher than the T2 patients in group B(5.9％ ) ( x2 =5.89,P ＜0.05 ).All patients with low histopathological grade tumor in group A showed postoperative recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion Transanal local excision with a rigid criteria can get good curative effect in the T1 patients,but not suitable for the T2 patients or patients with low histopathological grade tumor.

Objective To evaluate the role of via-anal ileus tube drainage in the therapy of acute low colorectal obstruction caused by cancer in elderly patients.Methods Totally 31 elderly patients with acute obstruction caused by colorectal cancer were treated by this modality.With the help of colonscopy and radiograph,the ileus tube was inserted into the proximal bowel of the obstructive side via anus.Then we irrigated and drain through the tube.At the same time we observed the patients' symptoms,abdominal girth,plain abdominal radiograph.After the relief of the acute obstruction,operations were processed.Results After 7-14 days treatment,the acute obstruction was relieved and emergency operation was avoided.The cure rate of 1-staged resection was 93.5％ (29/31),the rate of 1-staged anastomosis was 68.9％ (20/29),the rate of complication was 19.4％ (6/31),no anastomotic leakage and no perioperative death occurred.Conclusions The via-anal tube drainage in the treatment of the elderly patients with acute obstruction is safe,effective,and the trauma is small.It would be the first choice to relieve the acute obstruction in future.

BACKGROUND: Phenylketonuria is caused by gene mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylasel (PAH), which is mainly induced by permutation, short segments and insertion of base.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the gene mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylasel in phenylketonuria in Hui nationality.DESIGN: Open study.SETTING: Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA; Capital Pediatrics Institute.PARTICIPANTS: A boy of Hui nationality in China and aged 3.1 years was selected in this study. The boy had intellect hysteresis in his one year and received medical treatment in his three years, while he was diagnosed as cerebral paralysis. After repeatedly inefficient treatment, he was hospitalized in our hospital on December 13, 2004. Iron sesquichloride in urine was strongly positive and concentration of serum phenylalanine was 1 680 μmol/L; therefore, he was diagnosed as the typical phenylketonuria.METHODS: 5 mL venous blood was selected from the boy and his parents, respectively, and anticoagulated with EDTA-Na2. DNA in gene group was extracted by using typical phenol/chloroform method. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sequence of extron 7, 6, 11, 3, 12 and 5 of PAH gene was designed based on references. And then, PCR products were detected with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. 5 μL PCR products were mixed with the same volume of degenerated buffer solution, degenerated at 97 ℃ for 5 minutes, put in iced bath and performed with 80 g/Lnon-degenerated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After that, the products were dealt with sliver staining routinely, and single strand DNA banding patterns were analyzed and recorded. ABI377 automatic sequenator (PE Company) was used to detect PCR sequence and purify PCR product in Shanghai Boya Biotechnology Company.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Iron sesquichloride in urine, concentration of serum phenylalanine and mutant gene types of phenylalanine hydroxylase.RESULTS: Extron 7, 6, 11, 3, 12 and 5 of PAH gene were analyzed in the boy and his parents. The results demonstrated that SSCP electrophoresis in extron 6 was different from that in the normal control group. Site of electrophoresis strip of his father was coincident with that of his mother, but different from that of the boy. Sequencing results indicated that point mutation (cytosine replaced by thymine), which was a R176X mutant heterozygote, occurred at the 526th site of cDNA of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in his parents; however, two chromosomes of the boy had mutation at the same site, which was R176X mutant homozygote.CONCLUSION: Mutation of R176X homozygote of phenylketonurea is firstly reported in Hui nationality in China.

Foreign specialist physician system has been implemented for more than 100 years. China piloted its own specialist physician system from 2004. The article compared foreign specialist physician system with China’s pilot system. Combined with TCM clinical characteristics and laws, the article also discussed to set up Chinese medical specialist system which is in accordance with both international conventions and TCM laws of development as well as docking the pilot system.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in essential hypertension and to explore the distribution rule of TCM syndromes. Methods: A multicenter, large-sample survey method of clinical epidemiology was applied to choose the patients with essential hypertension from North, Middle, and South China. A questionnaire was designed and filled in, then 477 untreated patients with first-diagnosed essential hypertension were selected and the information was recorded into FileMaker database. A cluster analysis method was utilized to study the TCM syndrome distribution rule of essential hypertension. Results: Two-step cluster analysis was done from 3 to 7 clusters. Seven clusters were appropriate, which included deficiency of heart and kidney qi, hyperactivity of liver-yang, deficiency of yin and yang, stagnation of phlegm-dampness, phlegm-heat (subtype of stagnation of phlegm-dampness), blood stasis obstructing collaterals, and other syndromes. The symptoms presenting high percentage in each cluster were more significant in TCM theory. The syndromes of hyperactivity of liver-yang (24.1%) and stagnation of phlegm-dampness (27.1%) presented the high percentages, and deficiency of heart and kidney qi (10.1%), deficiency of yin and yang (8.4%), and blood stasis obstructing collaterals (9.0%) presented the low percentages. Conclusion: As compared with the current syndrome differentiation criteria, two-step cluster analysis results not only include the syndromes of deficiency of yin and yang, hyperactivity of liver-yang, stagnation of phlegm-dampness, but also cover qi deficiency and blood stasis.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and explore the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in patients with esophageal submucosal tumor. Methods Sixty-eight patients with esophageal submucosal tumor were selected, and the tumor was derived from the muscularis mucosa and submucosa according to the common endoscope and endoscopic ultrasonography detection. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was applied to remove submucosal tumor with diameter less than 1.0 cm, endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was applied to remove submucosal tumor with diameter 1.1 - 1.5 cm, and ESD was applied to remove submucosal tumor bigger than 1.5 cm. Samples were examined by pathology after treatment. Results Tumors in all the patients were completely removed, and the tumor diameter was 0.6-2.3 cm. Forty-one cases were treated with EMR, 9 cases were treated with EPMR and 18 cases were treated with ESD. Four patients had intra-operative bleeding that was stopped by electrocoagulation hemostasis. No perforation occurred in all cases. Postoperative pathology revealed 43 cases had leiomyoma, 23 cases had interstitialoma, and 2 cases had lipoma. Patients were reviewed by gastroscope 3 months after operation. The white scars formed in all patients, and there was no residue or recurrence. Conclusions Different origin layers and property of esophageal submucosal tumor can be diagnosed accurately by EUS, and endoscopic therapy (EMR, EPMR and ESD) is an effective treatment for submucosal tumor from muscularis mucosa and submucosa. Endoscopic therapy is safe and effective. It provides sufficient pathological information.

Objective:To evaluate and compare electroacupunctures (EA) with different parameters and moxibustion at different temperatures influencing the activation of mast cells (MC) in Tianshu (ST 25) regions of visceral hyperalgesia model rats. Methods:Rats (except for model group) respectively accepted 1 mA or 3 mA EA or moxibustion at 43 or 4 to℃℃stimulate Tianshu (ST 25) points after randomization of the fifty visceral hyperalgesia model rats, and then were compared with that in model and normal groups. Number, degranulation numbers, degranulation rates in Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of rats in each group were observed using toluidine blue staining. Abdominal withdrawl reflex (AWR) score was used to evaluate the rat visceral hyperalgesia reactions. Results:Compared with the normal group and the model group, MC numbers (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01), degranulation numbers and degranulation rates (P<0.01,P<0.01, P<0.05,P<0.01) of Tianshu (ST 25) MC in regions tissues in 43℃ and 4℃ moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mAEA groups all increased significantly. Compared with the model group, AWR scores were significantly lower in 43℃ and 4℃ moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mAEA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg colorectal distension (CRD) (P<0.05 in 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg,P<0.01 in the other groups). AWR scores in 43℃ and 4℃moxibustion groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg CRD were not significantly different from those in the normal group (allP>0.05); AWR scores in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01); AWR score in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01), and AWR scores in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 20 mmHg or 80 mmHg were also higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05). AWR scores were higher in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg or 80 mmHg than that in 4℃ moxibustion group (P<0.05); AWR score was higher in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg than that in 4℃ moxibustion group (P<0.05). Conclusion:There are differences among EA of different parameters and moxibustion of different temperatures in activating on Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of visceral hyperalgesia model rats, as well as in improving the visceral hyperalgesia reaction. The effect of 4℃ moxibustion is the most significant.

This paper studied the diagnosis and embryology of 20 cases lacking one pulmonary artery out of 2040 patients operated for tetralogy of Fallot. History of severe cyanosis syncope and hemoptysis was usually present in the majority of these patients. The important diagnosis characteristic was asymmetry of plumonary vascularity on X-ray film and the decrease of pulmonary cascular markings on the side without plumonary artery. A right ventricular cardiogram can confirm the absence of one pulmonary artery or the blind-end like change.

Background Lead exposure induces microglial cell death, of which the mechanism is unclear. Ferroptosis is a new death form and its role in microglia death has not been reported. Objective To investigate the role of ferroptosis in microglia following lead exposure in order to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of lead neurotoxicity. Methods Microglial cell line BV-2 cells were co-cultured with 0, 10, 20 and 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate for 24 h. The 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate group with iron chelator (DFO) was named the 40+DFO group. Changes in BV-2 cell morphology after lead exposure were observed under an inverted microscope; tissue iron kit and glutathione kit were used to detect intracellular iron and glutathione (GSH) respectively; flow cytometry was applied to detect lipid reactive oxygen species (lipid ROS) immunofluorescence intensity. Western blotting and qPCR were adopted to detect the expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR-1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferroportin 1 (FPN1) protein and mRNA. Results Compared with the control group, the number of BV-2 cells decreased with increasing doses of lead and the cells showed a large, round amoeboid shape. The intracellular levels of iron of BV-2 cells were (1.08±0.04), (1.29±0.03), and (1.72±0.10) mg·g⁻¹ (calculated by protein, thereafter) in the 10, 20, and 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate groups, respectively, significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the intracellular level of iron in the 40+DFO group, (1.34±0.10) mg·g⁻¹, was lower than that in the 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate group, (1.72±0.03) mg·g⁻¹ (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the TFR-1 and DMT1 protein and mRNA expressions were increased in BV-2 cells in the 10, 20, 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate groups (P<0.05), especially in the 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate group; the FPN1 protein expression did not change significantly, but the FPN1 mRNA expressions in BV-2 cells in the 10, 20, 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the intracellular GSH level decreased and the lipid ROS content increased in all three lead acetate groups; compared with the 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate group, the GSH level increased by 12.30% and the lipid ROS content decreased by 13.00% in the 40+DFO group (P<0.05). The expressions of GPX4 protein were reduced to 50.00%, 35.00%, and 17.00% of that of the control group in the 10, 20, and 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate groups respectively, while the expressions of GPX4 mRNA were also significantly reduced; the expressions of SLC7A11 protein and mRNA in the 20 and 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate groups were lower than that in the control group, with the most significant decrease in the 40 μmol·L⁻¹ lead acetate group (P<0.05). Conclusion Lead exposure could induce ferroptosis in BV-2 cells, in which iron transport imbalance and oxidative damage might be involved.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic efficiency of K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS and ATA risk stratification in computer-aided detection and diagnosis(CAD) software and the application value of CAD-assisted ultrasound physicians in diagnosing thyroid nodules. Methods: One hundred and ninety-two thyroid nodules with postoperative pathological results were retrospectively analyzed. All of them were graded by K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS and ATA with CAD software, and the best guide was recognized by calculating the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity. Then, based on the best guidelines for the classification criteria, the double-blind method was used to compare the ability of the same ultrasonologist to diagnose thyroid nodules before and after CAD. Results: The AUC value of K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS, ATA was 0.88, 0.77, 0.62 respectively in the CAD software. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the specificity between K-TIRADS and ATA(P=0.176), which were both higher than ACR-TIRADS with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The AUC value of the diagnosis among CAD itself, ultrasound physicians and physicians combined CAD was 0.88, 0.80, 0.93, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the sensitivity between CAD itself and physicians combined CAD(P=0.163), which were both higher than ultrasound physicians with statistical significant differences(P<0.05). Among ultrasound physicians, CAD itself and physicians combined CAD, the difference in specificity between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions All the three risk stratification systems of thyroid ultrasound in CAD software have good diagnostic values, among which K-TIRADS has the largest AUC. The CAD software can assist ultrasound physicians to improve the thyroid nodule diagnostic performance, and has a good clinical application prospect.